BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE IN CONSTRUCTION WASTE

MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY

KHAIRUL IRWAN BIN KALID

PPSPPA

Ministry of Finance, 2012

Sumeran et al, 2011

Berita Harian Online, 13th January 2014

• Before 1957 – Malaysia is an agricultural country.

• Malaysia began develop its construction industry

since independence.

• Today, the construction industry is one of the most

important industries in the development of Malaysia

economy.

• 2009 - Ninth Malaysia Plan (9MP) - Construction

industry contribute 5.9% in Malaysia GDP

• 2010 - Tenth Malaysia Plan (10MP) projected at slow

pace about 5.2%.

• 2012 - contributes about 15.5% in Malaysia GDP-

Why??

• Generation of construction waste has been

increased due to extensive buildings and

infrastructures development in the pass two decade

(Begum et all,2006).

• Sources of waste - residential, industrial,

commercial, institutional, new construction,

renovation, demolition and others. Most of the waste

produce is sent directly to landfill without going

through proper segregation and recycling process

especially construction wastes.

• Industrial and construction waste composition

28.34% Nasir (2007)

• Due to the increasing amount of waste,

environmental problem has arisen and bring negative

impact to environment (Lau et al, 2008).

CW - COMMON PERCEPTION

“Dirty Business”

Waste Mangement is a

'Waste of Money”!!

Out of My Sight, Out of My Mind concept

How CW being minimized??

...Easy way??

HOW WE HANDLE C&D WASTE??

Open Burning!!

Illegally Dumped!!

Disposed waste into river

Do nothing at all, and let the nature take it course!!

OR??

SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; MS 2; 3HB NOV 2011

SUMBER : BERITA HARIAN ; 6HB FEBRUARI 2010

SUMBER : NSTP ; 21 SEPT 2011

SUMBER : UTUSAN ; 21 SEPT 2011

FAKTA KAJIAN

“Lebih 300 longgokan smapah haram dikenalpasti di sekitar Kuala Lumpur. 80% bermula dengan

pembuangan sisa pepejal pembinaan” - Sumber : Bahagian Penguatkuasaan & Kawal Selia ; PPSPPA WPKL

300++ 80%

FAKTA KAJIAN

“Kebanyakan pihak mengambil jalan mudah melupuskan sisa dengan membakar sisa di tapak, membuang sisa ke sungai dan melonggok sisa di tepi - tepi jalan”

Construction Waste

Waste generated by

design activities

Waste generated by

construction activities

Drylining: cutting of plasterboard sheets and metal studs to fit wall

heights and openings

Flooring: cuttings of floor tiles to fit room layouts

Ceilings: cuttings of ceiling tiles and fixings to fit room layouts

Insulation: cutting of insulation boards to fit openings

Tiling: cutting of floor and wall tiles to suit design and room shapes

Paving: cutting of paving slabs to fit layout

Brickwork and blockwork: cuttings of bricks and blocks to suit

building dimensions and building services

Construction Waste

Waste generated by design activities

Inaccurate or surplus ordering of materials that don’t get used

Damage through transportation and handling errors

Damage through inadequate storage

Damage generated by poor co-ordination with other trades

Rework due to low quality of work

Inefficient use of materials

Temporary works materials (e.g. formwork, hoarding etc)

Construction Waste

Waste generated by construction activities

Construction Waste Facts (UK Statistics)

Recent research indicates that about 5-10% of building materials end up as waste on building sites.

2.5 to 4 tons — about 1.5 to 2.5 kg per square foot — of waste is created during the construction of a typical home.

Most construction waste currently goes into landfills, increasing the burden on landfill loading and operation.

(In Malaysia, most construction waste goes into illegal dumping site)

Sumber : DANIDA ; Controlled Solid Waste Estimates Projections and Flow for Malaysia (2000 - 2020)

Construction Waste Facts (UK statistics)

Consists mainly of :

BRICKS

CEMENT

WOOD

REBAR

SAND

SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

To reduce bad impact to the environment

Control waste flow

Increase 3R rate, minimize wastage

Reduce illegal dumping

CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Segregation area

Sell to other contractor

Planning

Sent to recycling

facilities

To landfill

Colllect by recycler

Storage area

Appoint registered waste collector

TO SEPARATE AND STORE WASTE

WHY NEED TO SEGREGATE WASTE?

● To identify quality of waste

● Improve 'housekeeping' at site

● Reduce vectors breeding

??

MOBILE GARBAGE BIN (MGB) AT PROJECT SITE

WHY BOTHER?

An effective effort in minimizing

wastage in construction can:

1. Make significant savings to the client,

contractors and the environment

2. Divert a high percentage of all construction waste materials from the landfill and recycled into new products.

Conventional Project / Construction Structure

Client

Architect / Cons.Engr

Main Contractor

Sub Contractor

Sub Contractor

Financial Benefits to clients and contractors

Clients end up paying for material wastage.

By reducing wastage, a reduced cost for the project can be achieved.

Cost saving may be shared by main contractors, sub contractors and clients

Financial Benefits to sub contractors

Minimized

wastage

=

total saving

or

increased profit.

Drop in

tender

prices

=

Commercially

Competitive

advantage.

Environmental benefits

Reduced

waste

=

less landfill space used

reduced environmental

impacts

Recycled

packaging

and waste

=

reduced demand for virgin

materials

stimulate demand for

recycled materials amongst

product manufacturers

1. DESIGN

Design Changes.

Failure to use standard production item or standard size component

Lack of

design information/delayed instruction

Lack of dimension coordination.

No consideration on Value Management.

CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE

2. WASTAGE DURING

CONSTRUCTION

Purchasing

Material Transportation and

delivery

Storage problems

Practical waste

Handling and Fixing Waste

Faulty or poor workmanship

Vandalism and Theft

CAUSES OF Cont…..CONSTRUCTION WASTAGE

EXAMPLES OF CAUSES

Causes of Wastage on Site Examples

Lack of a quality management

system aimed at wastage

minimization

e.g. no waste management

plan

Untidy construction sites e.g. waste materials are not

segregated from useful materials

Poor handling e.g. breakage, damage, losses

Over-sized foundations and

other elements

e.g. over design leads to excess

excavation and cut-offs

Inadequate protection to

finished work

e.g. finished concrete staircases

are not protected by boarding Sit

e M

an

agem

ent

an

d P

ract

ices

Causes of Wastage on Site Examples

Limited visibility on site

resulting in damage

e.g. inadequate lighting in covered

storage area

Poor storage e.g. pallet is not used to protect

cement bags from contamination

by ground water

Wrong construction method/

Unskilled personal

e.g. poor workmanship of

Formwork

Waste generation inherited with

traditional construction method

e.g. timber formwork, wet trade

Sit

e M

an

agem

ent

an

d P

ract

ices

EXAMPLES OF CAUSES

Del

iver

y o

f p

rod

uct

s

Causes of Wastage on Site Examples

Over-ordering e.g. over ordering of concrete

becomes waste

Method of packaging e.g. inadequate protection to the

materials

Method of transport e.g. materials drop from forklift

Inadequate data regarding time

and method of delivery

e.g. lack of records concerning

materials delivery

EXAMPLES OF CAUSES

THE IMPORTANCE OF MINIMIZING WASTAGE IN CONSTRUCTION

Wastage will have direct impact on Time, Cost and

Quality of a construction project

TIME

QUALITY COST

WASTAGE

HOW TO EFFECTIVELY MINIMIZE WASTAGE

Attitude toward Minimizing wastage

Design to prevent waste

Use of prefabrication construction method instead of conventional method.

Material procurement and handling

Adapting a Site Waste Management Plan

Who should take action to

reduce construction waste?

A shared responsibility between all parties:

The Client The Designer The Contractor The Sub contractor and Supplier The Workers

Contractors and sub contractors, cannot work in isolation.

Leadership is required from clients.

Design To Prevent Waste

Examples:

Optimize designed dimensions to correspond to standard product dimensions.

Modify framing details to optimize lumber use and reduce waste and costs when ordering.

Order drywall in optimal dimensions to minimize cut-off waste. Drywall is available in different lengths, and designed dimensions should correspond to standard sizes.

Minimize the number of blueprints and reproductions necessary during the design and construction.

Evaluate if salvaging used products is possible.

Trade

Average wastage Level

(in percentage)

Waste

Reduction

% of

Reduction

Conventional

(A)

Prefab

(B)

(C=A-B) C/A %

Concreting 3.78 1.00 2.78 73.51

Rebar Fixing 4.33 1.00 3.33 76.88

Bricklaying 5.50 0.00 5.50 100

Plastering 6.83 0.00 6.83 100

Tiling 7.20 3.00 4.20 58.33

Source : Comparing material wastage level between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction on 30 construction projects ; Hong Kong Universities

COMPARISON WASTAGE LEVEL OF MAJOR MATERIAL USED ON SITE

BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL & PREFAB CONSTRUCTION

Avoid excessively packaged materials and supplies. Packaging should be adequate to prevent damage and waste.

Minimize waste of vinyl siding, flooring and countertop materials by ordering only the quantity needed in building specific lengths.

Evaluate estimating procedures to make sure that excess material is not delivered to the site.

Purchase To Prevent Waste

A best practice approach to waste reduction

Clients sets

targets for waste

Planning

Main contractor

prepares Site

Waste

Management

Plan

Sub contractor

estimates waste

Quantitative

Estimate

Qualitative

Checklist

Main contractors

and

sub-contractors

review waste and

take action to

minimise and

manage waste

Implementation

Main contractor

requests final waste

information from

sub contractors

Review

Sub contractors

complete waste

information

questionnaires

Main contractor

coordinates data and

feeds back to client

Quantitative

Record

Qualitative

Checklist

Share lessons

learned

Promote

innovation

Raise awareness

Demonstrate

better financial

and

environmental

results

Improvement

1 2 3 4

A Site Waste Management Plan contains the following key features: waste targets as set by

client,

an estimate of the waste to

be generated on site,

actions to reduce waste,

and

actions to avoid waste

going to landfill

Q

Client sets targets for

waste

Planning

Main contractor

prepares Site Waste

Management Plan

Sub contractor

estimates waste

Quantitative

Estimate

Qualitative

Checklist

Best Practices

Appoint a Site Waste Manager responsible to

ensure that appropriate storage conditions are available

keep a record of all materials brought to site

Site Waste Manager to ensure materials are supplied in an appropriate manner, and in the correct quantity

Site Waste Manager monitor costs/volumes of disposal

The Site Waste Manager to determine KPI’s on this basis

Sub contractors appoint a Trade Waste Manager

Main contractors

and

sub-contractors

review waste and

take action to

minimise and

manage waste

Implementation

Reviewing data and providing feedback can have real benefits, such as:

Assess effectiveness of the waste

minimization and management strategy.

Learn what works and doesn’t work in reducing waste

Identify exactly how efficient main contractors and sub contractors were on the project

Main contractors can see which trades contributed what quantity of materials to the waste stream and why – enabling them to prepare better waste estimates in the future

Capture any relevant data for future reference and use.

Q

Main contractor

requests final waste

information from sub

contractors

Review

Sub contractors

complete waste

information

questionnaires

Main contractor

coordinates data and

feeds back to client

Quantitative

Record

Qualitative

Checklist

Share lessons

learned

Promote innovation

Raise awareness

Demonstrate better

financial and

environmental

results

Improvement

Appoint A Site Waste Manager

While all people involved should be encouraged to contribute their

ideas and suggestions on ways to minimize waste, one person (or

the Environmental, Health and Safety Manager) should act as the

Site Waste Manager, responsible for overseeing the management of

construction wastes.

This person will be responsible for managing waste reduction

initiatives and coordinating the activities of other employees.

Key role of a site waste manager ….

Ensure that all relevant legislation and the contractor’s duty of care is complied with.

Initiate waste reduction, reuse and recycling.

Ensure all site personnel know their responsibilities for site waste management.

Co-ordinate waste management on site, gather data about waste on site, keep accurate records on waste movement on and off site.

Ensure that all waste storage areas and containers are properly labelled to show site workers where to deposit specific materials.

Be aware of the construction activities currently taking place on site and the activities planned in the short term.

Conduct a survey of wastes likely to be generated on site and keep a record of them for planning ahead.

Whenever possible, ensure the re-use or recycling of material already on site before it is carted away or new materials are imported.

Obtain a list of potential buyers or collectors of materials to be re-used or recycled.

Encourage all site personnel to use their initiative in coming up with ideas of how to reduce, reuse and recycle wastes.

Inform designers so that waste can be reused and recycled on site or on another site.

Key role of a site waste manager

Managing Subcontractors

• Use a system of allowable waste percentages. In the early

pre-work agreements the site manager decides how much

waste is acceptable, and agrees a percentage with the

subcontractor.

If they waste more than the agreed amount, they can be

charged the extra costs.

This is a great incentive to reduce wastes by efficient use of

materials. The lower the allowable percentage, the more care

people will take with materials.

Setting the right level is crucial.

• Make subcontractors responsible for both purchasing the

raw materials they need, and disposing of any waste

material from their activities. This will give them a direct

financial incentive to use materials efficiently with the

minimum of wastage.

• Make subcontractors aware of wastage and the costs

involved in dealing with wastes.

• Hold regular meetings to discuss wastage on site.

Managing Subcontractors

LATAR BELAKANG PROJEK

Nama Projek : Cadangan Membina Dan Menyiapkan Pusat Rehabilitasi Perkeso, Bandar Teknologi Hijau, Ayer Keroh, Melaka Lokasi : Bandar Teknologi Hijau, di Mukim Durian Tunggal, Alor Gajah, Melaka. Keluasan Tanah : 22.26 hektar Anggaran Kos Pembinaan : RM 238 juta Tempoh Projek : September 2011- September 2013.

Kontraktor Pembinaan : IJM Construction Sdn. Bhd

Sasaran Kadar Kitar Semula : 73.95%

Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana

Bil

Fasa Pembinaan

Jenis Sisa Yang Dijana

1

Fasa 1 : 'Site Preparation'

Land clearing debris

2

Fasa 2 : 'Hacking & Demolition'

Hack RC piles

3

Fasa 3 : 'Foundation & Sub-

Wood, concrete, bricks, scrap irons structure Works'

4

Fasa 4 : 'Super Structure Works'

Concrete, bricks, scrap irons

4

Fasa 5 : 'Finishing Works'

Wood, plaster

Tempat Pemungutan

Tempat Pengasingan

Kerja - kerja mengekstrak besi dari cerucuk konkrit yang patah dan rosak. Kemudian, sisa konkrit di jadikan filling material untuk tambakan tanah lembut di sekitar kawasan tapak bina

Salah satu tempat pengasingan dan pengumpulan sisa kayu. Kawasan

tempat pengasingan di pasangkan tape merah-putih memudahkan kerja - kerja pengasingan sisa dan sebagai langkah keselamatan di tapak

bina.

Penggunaan 'formwork' kayu telah digantikan secara berperingkatdengan penggunaan 'formwork pvc' sebagai langkah untuk mengurangkan janaan sisa kayu di tapak

'Formwork' Kayu Formwork PVC

Perbincangan bersama wakil pihak Kilang Unity Bricks Work Sdn Bhd untuk menyelesaikan masalah pengurusan sisa kayu di tapak

Stock pile

Policy and legislation

Garis Panduan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan di Tapak Bina

Peraturan berkaitan sisa pepejal pembinaan dalam tindakan Jabatan Peguam Negara

CONCLUSION

Activities that minimize wastage, such as designing to standard sizes, reusing building materials, not only cut waste and recycling collection costs but also reduces materials' expenses.

Small changes to construction practices and extra attention to detail can add up to significant savings to the client, the contractor and the environment.

Everyone of us here has a role to play in bringing changes to our construction practice. Let us begin.

THINK!!