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The continents are in constant movement!Earth Science!

Vocabulary!asthenosphere, continental drift theory, converging/diverging plates, earthquakes, epicentre, fault, hot spot, inner core, lithosphere, mantle, mantle convection, outer core, paleoglaciation, plate boundary, plate tectonic theory, primary waves, ridge push and slab pull, rift valley, secondary waves, spreading ridge, subduction zone, surface waves, tectonic plate, transform fault, trench, volcanic belt, volcanic island arc, volcanoes

Science 10!Note and Activity Package for Chapter 12!

Note:!If you lose this package it is your responsibility to print out a new copy from Ms. Veenstra’s webpage:

https://lveenstra.wordpress.com/science10/

Chapter 12 Learning Goal

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Physics 11: Term 2 Report Card

Unit: Optics Knows: I can list the rules of ray drawing. I can list the characteristics of images. I can state the laws of reflection. I can distinguish between diffuse and specular reflection. I can label the parts of a ray drawing for plane mirrors. I can label the parts of a ray drawing for curved mirrors. I can describe different kinds of curved mirrors. I can define the index of refraction. I can describe Snell’s Law. I can label the parts of a ray drawing for refraction at a plane boundary. I can label the parts of a ray drawing for refraction by a lens. I can define critical angle. I can describe total internal reflection. I can give examples of common devices that reflect light. I can give examples of common devices that refract light.

LG = Mark = %

Do’s: I can draw labeled ray diagrams showing how images form in a plane mirror. I describe the characteristics of images formed in a plane mirror. I can experimentally distinguish between converging and diverging mirrors. I can experimentally find the focal length of a converging mirror. I can locate and describe the image formed by a curved mirror:

using a scaled ray diagram and using the mirror equation I can solve problems using:

The definition of index of refraction Snell’s Law

I can experimentally distinguish between converging and diverging lenses. I can experimentally find the focal length of a thin converging lens. I can locate and describe the image formed by a thin lens:

using a scaled ray diagram and using the mirror equation.

LG = Mark = %

Strengths:

Unit: Kinematics Knows: I can define and relate the terms: clock reading, position and event. I can differentiate between a clock reading and a time interval. I can define and relate distance and average speed. I can define and relate displacement and average velocity. I can differentiate between scalars and vectors. I can define instantaneous velocity and instantaneous speed. I can define average acceleration.

LG = Mark = %

Do’s: I can solve problems involving: displacement, time interval, and average velocity. I can use position-time graphs to determine: • displacement & average velocity, distance travelled & average speed, instantaneous velocity I can construct position-time graphs based on data from various sources. I can construct velocity-time graphs based on data from various sources. I can use velocity-time graphs to determine: • instantaneous velocity, displacement, average velocity, acceleration

LG = Mark = %

Strengths:

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Demonstrates a basic understanding of concepts.

Demonstrates a solid understanding of concepts.

Demonstrates a complete and deep understanding of concepts.

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Name: ___________________________

Student #: ______________ HR: _____

Date: _____________________

Teacher: Mr. J.Martens

Course: Physics 11

Block: _______

My estimate based on quizzes and assignments: LG = Mark = %

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Test result: %

B D A E Reference

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)

Chapter 12.1

2. I can relate the following to plate tectonic theory: !- the world distribution of volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain belts,

trenches, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys !- hot spot and subduction zone eruptions !- magnetic reversals and age of rocks relative to spreading ridges

Chapter 12.1

3. I can define plate tectonics, plate boundary, earthquake, trench, volcano, spreading ridge, subduction zone, hot spot

Chapter 12.2

4. I can identify the layers of the Earth. Chapter 12.2

5. I can explain how mantle convection and ridge push and slab pull are believed to contribute to plate motion. I can identify sources of heat within the Earth that produce mantle convection and hot spot activity.

Chapter 12.2

6. I can describe tectonic plate boundaries, including transform boundaries, divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries (oceanic-oceanic crust, oceanic- continental crust, and continental-continental crust) and identify the matching tectonic mapping symbols

Chapter 12.2

7. I can explain how plate movements are linked to Earthquakes. Chapter 12.2

8. I can explain how plate movements produces composite and shield volcanoes

Chapter 12.2

9. I can explain how seismic waves are used to describe earthquakes and study Earth’s interior composition.

Chapter 12.2

Chapter 12.1 Evidence for Continental Drift!Activity 12.1!!!

Before you read answer the following questions!1. Do you think it is possible for the continents to move? If so, do you think they are moving now?!!!!2. How could someone figure out whether or not the continents move?!!!!Now read p. 506-507 and take notes about the following:!

Pangaea puzzle!!Procedure:!1. Cut out each continent, trimming the pieces just to the edge of the dotted lines. The dotted lines represent the true continental edges, the continental shelves.!2. Use the clues provided in the legend on the right and the shapes of the continents to help you reconstruct Pangaea. Piece together the continent shapes into a supercontinent. Remember, Pangaea broke up and the continents moved apart to their present locations, so a modern world map may give you some clues as to how they all fit together. When you have the best fit possible, check with Ms. Veenstra and then glue the continents in place on the next page.!

!

Continental Drift Theory

Who was Alfred Wegner?!!!!What is the Continental Drift Theory?!!!!!!What is Pangaea and how did it fit into the Continental Drift Theory?!!!!

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Fossils Glacier Deposits

Matching Mountains

Goal Deposits

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!Pangaea!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1.! Which continents were easiest to fit together? Explain why. !

!! 2.! Were there any pieces of Pangaea that you found difficult to place? If so, what other evidence

would have helped you to place these pieces? !

!! 3.! Hypothesize where the continents might be situated in 200 million years. !

!!

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Chapter 12.1 Notes!!Evidence for continental drift

Read p. 508-509 and describe why the following was consider evidence for continental drift!Matching Fossils!!!!!!Climatic Evidence!Paleoglaciology Coal Deposits!!!!!!

Plate Tectonics Theory - class notes

Further Evidence for Continental Drift - class notes

� !!

The Hawaiian Hotspots!

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Paleomagnetism Discussion Questions!To answer the following question see the picture on the board.!

1. Based on the diagram, how many times has the Earth's magnetic field reversed during the past four million years? !

2. Approximately when did the current interval of normal polarity begin? !

3. If there had been compasses four million years ago, which direction would compass needles have pointed? !

Seafloor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge!

� !

thinsediment

thicksediment

ocean ridge

young rocksold rocks

Seafloor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge!!

� !!!

� !

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12.2 Layers of the Earth!Use p. 519 to fill out notes about the different layers of the Earth.!

Name: ___________________!

Solid or Liquid!

Thickness: _____________________!

Made out of: _________________________________________!

Other facts__________________________________________!

!Name: ___________________!

Solid or Liquid!

Thickness: _____________________!

Made out of: _________________________________________!

Other facts__________________________________________!

!Name: ___________________!

Solid or Liquid!

Thickness: _____________________!

Made out of: _________________________________________!

Other facts__________________________________________!

!Name: ___________________!

Solid or Liquid!

Thickness: _____________________!

Made out of: _________________________________________!

Other facts__________________________________________!

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!Inside the Earth discussion questions! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Use the graph above to help you answer the following questions:!!1. What happens to the temperature as you go deeper into the Earth?!!!!2. What do you think happens to the density as you go deeper into the earth? Why?!!!!!!3. Using the graph, identify the depth of the upper boundary of the Earth’s outer core. !!!!4. Why does melted iron become solid again at a depth of 5200 km? !

!!5. How do you think we know what is inside the Earth?!

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Science 10 – 2011/12 Released Exam B Page 39

Use the following geothermal model of the Earth to answer questions 71 and 72.

1000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

2000 3000 4000 5000

Temperature in the Earth (°C)

Dep

th (k

m)

Temperature of Magma

Iron Melts

Iron Solidifies

Earth’sSurface

Earth’sCore

The geothermal model was constructed using seismic evidence and laboratory experiments of the properties of rock at different temperatures and pressures.

71. Using the geothermal model, identify the depth of the upper boundary of the Earth’s outer core. A. 200 km B. 2700 km C. 5200 km D. 6400 km 72. Why does melted iron become solid again at a depth of 5200 km? A. Pressure increases. B. Magnetism increases. C. Temperature decreases. D. Force of gravity decreases.

12.2 Plate Movements!

Plate Motion

!

� !!!

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continentalcrust

lithospherelithosphere

asthenosphereasthenosphere upper mantleupper mantle

lithosphere

asthenosphere upper mantle

Figure 12.14 A cross-section through Earth’s surface

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12.2 Describing Earthquakes!

Earthquakes discussion questions!!1. Most Earthquakes have shallow foci (less than 70 km deep), but you can get earthquakes with a focus deeper than 300 km. At which plate boundary do you think they might happen?!!!2. Convergent plate boundaries experience the most Earthquakes at higher magnitude. Find two larger cities

that are susceptible to a higher magnitude Earthquake.!

Earthquakes

!!!

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Measuring Earthquakes

Seismograph Richter scale!!!!Seismogram!!!

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12.2 Seismic waves!

Seismic waves discussion questions!

See Figure 12.23 on p. 530 in the textbook to answer the following questions!

1. Why does the velocity increase deeper into the mantle?!

!2. Why does the S waves disappear in the outer core?!

!3. If the focus of a shallow Earthquake happens 400 km away, how long would it take for the S-waves to

arrive?!

!

Primary Wave Secondary Wave Surface Wave

Abbriviation

Travels through (solid, liquid, gas)

Speed of wave

Description

Sketch of motion of wave

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12.2 Describing Volcanos !

Composite Volcanos Shield Volcanos

Description

Example

Shape (drawing)

Description of eruption

Viscosity of magma

Tectonic setting (convergent, divergent, hotspot)

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