the constitution of india final

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CITIZENSHIP

Who was born in India, or either of whose parents was

born in India, or who has been ordinarily resident in

India for not less then five years immediately preceding

26th January, 1950. (Art. 5).

A person who has migrated to India from Pakistan can be

a citizen of India.

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WHAT IS THE MEANING

OF RIGHTS

Rights literally mean

those freedoms which are

essential for personal goodas well as the good of the

community.

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THE RIGHTS OF AN INDIAN

The six fundamental rights are:-

1. Right to equality.

2. Right to freedom.

3. Right against exploitation.

4.Right to freedom of religion.

5. Cultural and educational rights.

6. Right to constitutional remedies.


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RIGHT TO EQUALITY

Includes..

Equality of law.

Prohibition of discrimination on

grounds of religion, race, caste,

sex or place of birth.

Equality of opportunity in matters

of employment.


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RIGHT TO FREEDOM

Right to freedom and expression, which enable an individualto participate in public activities.

Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms.

Freedom to form associations or unions.

Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.

Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.

Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any

occupation, trade or business.


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RIGHT

AGAINST EXPLIOTATION

Abolition of trafficking in human beings and Beggar(forced labor).

Abolition of employment of children below the age of 14years in dangerous jobs likefactories and mines.


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THE RIGHT TO

FREEDOM OF RELIGION

All religions are equal before the

State and no religion shall be given preference over the other.

Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any religion

of their choice. The objective of this right is to sustain the principle of

secularism in India.


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CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL

RIGHTS

Any community which has a

language and a script of its own has

the right to conserve and develop

them.

No citizen can be discriminated

against for admission in State or

State aided institutions.


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RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL

REMEDIES

Empowers the citizens to

move a court of law in case

of any denial of fundamentalrights


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TEN FUNDANMANTAL DUTIES

1. To abide by the constitution

and to respect ideals of

constitution and institutions,

the National Flag and the

National Anthem.


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2.To cherish and follow the noble

ideals which inspired our

national struggle for freedom.


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3. To uphold and protect the

unity and integrity of India.


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4. To defend the country and

render national service when

called upon to do so.


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5. To promote harmony and the spirit

of common brotherhood amongst

all the people of India linguistic and

regional or sectional diversities; to

renounce practices derogatory to

the dignity of women.


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6. To value and preserve the

rich heritage of our

composite culture.


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7. To protect and improve the

natural environment including

forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion

for living creatures.


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8. To develop the scientific

temper, humanism and the

spirit of inquiry and reform.


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9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence

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10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of

individual and collective activity so that the

nation constantly rises to higher levels ofEndeavour and achievement.


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FUNDAMENTALDUTIES

THEUNION

A. The Union Executive

1. The President of India (Arts. 52-62, 73).

2. The Vice-President of India (Arts. 63-71).

3. The Council of Minister (Arts. 74-78).

4. The attorney-general for India (Arts. 76, 88,

& 124).

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THEPRESIDENTOFINDIA

Rules as To Election of President (Arts. 54-55, 58-59 &

71)

Qualification for election (Arts. 58-59).

Powers of The President (Arts. 3, 53, 72-77, 85-87 etc. &

392).

Executive powers.

Military powers.

Legislation powers.

Rule-making powers.

Judicial powers.

Emergency powers.

Financial powers.

Miscellaneous powers.

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THEVICE-PRESIDENTOFINDIA

How elected [Art.66(1) & (2)]

Qualification for election as vice-president [Arts. 66(3),

(4) & (71)]

How he may resign [Art. 67(a)]

How removed [Arts. 67(b)]

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PARALLELSTATESTRUCTURE

Formal political structure of the states parallels that of

the national government.

National State

President Governor

Prime Minister Chief Minister

Parliament Assembly

Supreme Court High Court

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THELEGISLATURE

Parliamentary system of government

the executive authority is responsible to the Parliament

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B. Parliament (Arts. 79-122)

1. The constitution of parliament (Arts. 79-88, 330,331, 334)

2. Disqualification of members of parliament (Arts.

101-104)

3. Disabilities of parliament and its members(Arts. 101, 105 & 106)

4. Conduct of parliament business (Arts. 85-88,

99, 100, 104, 121-122 & the third schedule)

5. Procedure in financial matters (Arts. 112-117)6. General provision (Arts. 120-122)

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CONSTITUTIONOFPARLIAMENT

THELEGISLATURE

Bicameral Parliament

Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

Lok Sabha (House of the People)

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RAJYA SABHA (COUNCILOFSTATES)

The Upper House8/8/2012

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UPPERHOUSE

Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

Not more than 250 members

12 are nominated by the President of India

The rest are indirectly elected

The Council of States can not be dissolved

Members have terms of 6 years

1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year

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LOKSABHA

House of the People8/8/2012

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LOWERHOUSE

Lok Sabha (House of the People)

545 members

2 are appointed by the President of India

The rest are directly elected from single-member

districts.

5-year terms unless dissolved

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C. the Union Judiciary (Arts. 124-147)

1. Supreme court judges (Arts. 124-128)

2. The Supreme court of India (Arts. 129-147)

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FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES


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FUNDAMENTALDUTIES

THESTATE

A. The State Executive (Arts. 152-167 etc.)

1. The Governor (Arts. 153-166, etc.)

2. The council of Ministers (Arts. 163-164)

3. The Advocate-general for the state (Art. 165, etc.).

B. The State Legislation (Arts. 168-212)

1. The Legislation assembly (Arts. 170-172, etc.)

2. The legislation council (Arts. 171-173 etc.)

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C. The High courts in the state (Arts.214-230,etc.)

D. Subordinate courts (Arts. 233-236)

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the constitution of india final

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