the concept of the hermaphrodite: agathe and ulrich in musil’s novel

8/13/2019 THE CONCEPT OF THE HERMAPHRODITE: AGATHE AND ULRICH IN MUSILS NOVEL

1/9

~

160 U N B E W A L T I G T E V E R G A N G B N H E IT I N D I E B LB C H T R O M M E L by German lack of ability to evoke funny words for the male member: byway of compensation we are treated, in the wake of Kafka, to one of theleast appetising meals in literature, spaghetti cooked in a tin in the musicianKlepps bedroom. But in Grass this does not serve to induce Angst,as doeslife in Karl Rossmanns American bedroom. This is aimed at our solarplexus, in fact. Grass success was indeed a foretaste of the horror commune:the Germans need to make reality out of theories-with results which inthe long run could be political rather than literary.

THE CONCEPT OF THE HERMAPHRODITE: AGATHE ANDULRICH IN MUSILS NOVELDER M O H N E E I G E N S C H A F T E N

BY LEON . TITCHE,R.MODERNriticism has tended to ignore the presence of hermaphroditic mythas a valid basis for the interpretation and analysis of literature. Strikingexceptions, of course, are Sir J. G. Frazer and C. G. Jung, whose workstresses both the presence of the myths, as for instance those dealing withHermes and Aphrodite, Isis and Osiris and Jesus and Mary, in almost everyculture, and the manifold literary forms in which this longing for mysticalunion has found expression.

Robert Musils novel Der Munn ohne Eigenschaften is an important exampleof such an expression of this myth; indeed, any interpretation of the novelmust begin with the myth, in order to approach one level of understandingof Musils characters and their own longings and attainments.Musils poem Isis und Osiris 1923) ffords an early insight into an areawhich he later explored in depth. This poem enthilt in nucleo den Munnohne ig enschaften .

Und die Schwester loste von dem SchlaferLeise das Geschlecht und ass es auf.Und sie gab ihr weiches Herz, das rote,Ihm dafur und legte es ihni auf.Und die Wunde wuchs im Traum zurecht.Und sie ass das liebliche Geschlecht.

Sieh, da sturmten seine BruderHinter holdem Riuber drein,Und er warf den Bogen uber,Und der blaue Raum brach ein,


2/9

T H E C O N C E P T O F T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E I N M U S I L S N O V E L 161Wald brach unter ihrem Tritt,Und die Sterne liefen angstlich mit.Doch die Zarte mit den Vogelschultern

Holte keiner ein, so wcit er lief.3In ths poem, however, the union is accompanied by violent action,something which is greatly modified in Musils novel, Der unn ohneEigenschqfien,a vivid portrayal of the spiritual and physical union of brotherand sister in the perfect and harmonious state of the hermaphrodite.

Musil often dealt with social problems in his prose works :Die Verwirrttngendes Ziiglings Tiirless portrays sexual awakening in adolescence amid perver-sions; Vereinigttngendeals with sodomy, nymphomania and adultery; DreiFrauen contains excursions through various aberrations concerning socialmisfits. These problems are also evident in Der Munn ohne Eigenschaften.A chronological study of Musils works shows a clear evolution of theseproblems as well of the characters involved. More primitive forms of Ulrich,Agathe, Clarissa, Walter, Bonadea, Diotima and Moosbrugger are foundfrom Torless to the initial sketches of Der Munn ohne Eigenschaften. M u ddoes not attempt to solve problems or to offer any solution to the characters.He tries, rather, to depict the complex psychological antagonisms, problemswhich go beyond the clash of opposites of good and evil, light and darknessof the human self, and enter the shadowy realm of the personal unconsciouswhich is for Musil the arena in which these antagonisms clash and thenmerge. In Der Munn ohne Eigenschgten they merge into the hermaphrodite.

The entire perspective of Der Munn ohne Eigenschaften was intended byM u d to consider contemporary life at two levels. The first, and the onewhich occupies the greater portion of the novel, deals with Austrian politics,society (prominently displayed by the group belonging to the Parallelak-tion), and intermittent patches of religious dialogue. This first book of thenovel (which consists of two parts) involves also the characters and conceptsillustrated in Musils other prose writings; for example the criminal Moos-brugger ; the psychotic Clarisse; the ineffectual Walter; the protean natureof Diotima, as well as the nymphomania and adultery of Bonadea, etc. Thesecharacters, however, are the phenomena of the everyday world. Aroundthem and through them flows an existence common to all.

It is from them and their lot that Ulrich and Agathe seek escape into theuncommon, unreal paradise of the hermaphrodite. This second level appearsin the second book of the novel which deals primarily with the Ulrich-Agathe episode. Its central position in the novel accentuates the themesimportance for M ud , for what transpires before (in the Parallelaktion) andwhat happens a t the end of the ullfinished novel (in the fourth part, whichdescribes a utopian vision) seems only a kind of frame for the major achieve-ment of the novel: the setting of the age-old story of hermaphroditic union.


3/9

162 T H E C O N C E P T O F T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E I N M U S I L S N O V E LIn the novel, three characters embody this theme: Ulrich, Agathe andClarisse. Clarisse does not, however, directly participate in the achievementby Ulrich and Agathe, die Zwillingsgeschwister, of an androgynous state.Clarisses frequent proclamations Ich bin der grosse Hermaphrodit , arisechiefly from mental aberrations and eventual insanity. Indeed, one aspect ofthe novel is to draw a case history based on the gradual disintegration of herpersonality which is juxtaposed with the integration of Agathe and Ulrich.

Almost 700 pages pass before there is any mention of Ulrichs sister.Why this silence in the novel? The answer lies in the character of Ulrichbefore his confrontation with Agathe. It is he who is the centre of theattention and action. His thoughts concerning manifold topics are empha-sized; and when Ulrich engages in discussions it is he who earns the philoso-phers praise. As a man without qualities he reflects the fading glimmer ofAustrian decadence. He must be a sounding-board for all the inanities andfaCade-like qualities which the others around him possess.The initial appearance of the hermaphroditic situation occurs in the secondbook of the novel, Ins Tausendjahrige Reich (Die Verbrecher), on theoccasion of the death of Ulrichs father. Now, for the first time, Ulrichlearns of his sisters existence. His meeting with Agathe, reared separatelyfrom her brother, twice married (once apparently happily, ending in herhusbands death; the second marriage hopelessly doomed) and possessed ofa lonely, harsh and frustrated nature, at once sets the stage for an incestuousrelationship. The love of brother for sister says Raymond Furness, is thenearest approximation on earth to the state of androgynous unity. For theissue of one womb are of the same flesh and blood, and a union betweenbrother and sister is, in a sense, a reuniting of the severed hermaphr~dite.~This love of brother for sister is a gradual process of self-awakening andmutual understanding, many times calling upon each of them to undergopainful and awesome experiences in the necessary sacrifice of the individualself for the sake of attaining the perfect and harmonious state of androgynousunity. This procedure is ordered by M u d into two central categories ofexegesis metaphysical speculation and discussion, and sensual descriptionsand actions. The first category is initiated by Ulrich who, by nature andprofession (mathematician), regards order as the cardinal virtue of man and,possessing no qualities of his own, is philosophically very receptive to anepicene union. Agathe, on the other hand, has by her own admission littleunderstanding of metaphysical matters. As a symbol of the Ur-Mutter, sheexudes the sensual in dress (and undress), smell, touch and sight. She temptsand resists, attracts and repels, capriciously or from feelings of shame andabandon. Yet both are carried by this seemingly primeval wave of the uniornysticu, that androgynous state which Jung calls a symbol of the unity ofthe per~onality.~ lthough the attempt a t such a union is conscious, the


4/9

T H E C O N C E P T O F T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E IN M U S I L S N O V E L 163seed of its existence is deeply rooted in both (an archetypal pattern) andrequires no conscious catalyst. As Gottfried Berm has wri tten : W ir tragenin uns Keim e al ler Go tter / das Gen des To des und das G en de r Lust.6

On first seeing A gathe, U lri ch describes h er p hysical appearance as follows:Sie hatte weder etwas Emanzipiertes, noch etwas Bohemehaftes an sich,obgleich sie da in weiten Hosen sass, in denen sie den unbekannten Bruderenipfangen hatte. Eher etwas Hermaphroditisches, so kam ihm jetzt v or; dasleichte mannliche Kleid liess in der Bewegung des Gesprachs mit der Halb-durchsichtigkeit eines Wasserspiegels die zartliche Formung ahnen, die sichdarunter befand, und zu den frei-unabhingigen Beinen trug sie das schoneHaar frauenhaft aufgesteckt. Das Zentrum dieses zwiespaltigen Eindrucksbildete aber noch imm er das Gesicht, das den Reiz der Frau in hohem Massebesass, doch mit irgendeinem Abstrich und Vorbehalt, dessen Wesen er nichtherausbekom m en k ~ n n t e . ~

B ut n o sooner has he said this to himself , then he begins to c om m en t ab ou tthe probability of existing vestigial concepts of an androgynous nature inm an in general :Der Mensch kommt in zweien vor. Als Mann und als Frau. . Die iiltesten,fur uns schon fast unverstindlich dunklen Uberlieferungen der Philosophiesprechen oft von einem mannlichen und einem weiblichen Prinzip . . .Aber die Natur .. .gibt dem M ann Saugwarzen und der Frau ein mannlichesGeschlechtsrudiment . . s

From such a clinical-philosophical analysis of hermaphrodi t i sm, Ulr ichimmediately returns to thoughts of his sister. Agathes intent to leave herhusband and her confession of unhappy sexual experiences (Ulrichs pastaffairs were unhappy also) prompts him once again to reflect on theirsimilarities. It seems at times almost narcissistic on his pa r t , bu t w hen theidea t ha t bro the r a nd sister ar e actually Zwillingsgeschwister is later fo rm ed ,the concept of love of oneself is entirely renounced in favour of love of aunified duality, much the same as the love r l ifting t he veil in the temple ofS a k g Thu s U lrich, upon seeing Agathe later in m or e feminine at t i re thanpreviously, thinks :

. . . bemerkte er die bhnlichkeit des Gesichts. Es war ihin zumute, er wareer selbst, der da zur Tiir eingetreten sei und auf ihn zuschreite: nur schonerals er und in einen Glanz versenkt, in dem er sich niemals sah. Zu m erstenmalerfasste ihn da der Gedanke, dass seine Schwester eine traumhafte Wieder-holung und Veranderung seiner selbst sei . . loThis W ie de rh olu ng u nd V e r ~ d e r u n g einer selbst is displayed in the twocentral manifestations m entio ned previously w hic h M usil term s Eigenliebeand (Siamesische) Zwillingsgeschwister.ll These two ideas complementeach other and also extend over to embellish their concept of a herma-


5/9

164 T H E C O N C E P T O P T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E IN MUSILS N O V E Lphroditic union. If the individual self is to be renounced, Eigenliebe mustmanifest itself in a second self, that which evokes in someone a feeling ofcomplete transference of senses, mind and even body to someone else.

In turn, the second person again transmits back to the sender, much thesame as light reflection. First recognition of this idea occurs as Agathe ispreparing for her bath and begins to undress. Words such as Duft, Geruch,Wirme12 stimulate Ulrichs senses as he observes the movement of herbody. Immediately he thinks of Wiedervereinigung; then of such com-parisons as Weiblichkeit and sie schritt . . . ein wenig zu knabenhaft auslead him to declare, als sei ihm da selbst ein zweiter, weit schonerer Korperzu eigen gegeben worden.13 Then, as if the whole sensual scene had beenarranged for this utterance, Ulrich suddenly exclaims : Ich weiss jetzt, wasdu bist: Du bist meine Eigenliebe Und nun ist sie offenbar . in dirverkorpert gewesen, statt in mir selbst 14 But the transference is not yetcomplete. Eigenliebedisplays one side of the androgynous problem : thatof the sensual and purely physical attributes. A balance is achieved whenthe concept of Zwillinge is brought into focus, for it is here that myth ispaired with reality to result in divine (mystical) order. Eigenliebe is notabandoned but transfigured and by permeation enters this higher sphere.The discussion of Zwillinge s introduced by a comment of Ulrich regardingPlato (in his Symposium that the first Mensch was divided by the gods intotwo parts, man and woman. This leaves the way open for Ulrich to discussa reuniting of the severed hermaphrodite, beginning with his mentioningof the Doppelgeschlechtlichkeit der Seele through Moral der Leistungand concluding with das Verlangen nach Geschwisterlichkeit. The firstattitude of the androgyne, Doppelgeschlechtlichkeit der Seele, uncon-sciously explores Jungian suppositions concerning myth, alchemy and arche-typal patterns of the collective unconscious. What Ulrich is seeking is notan excuse but a firm basis for an incestuous relationship with his sister.

So wie an den Mythos von Menschen, der geteilt worden ist, konnten wirauch an Pygmalion, an den Hermaphroditen oder an Isis und Osiris denken:es bleibt doch immer in verschiedener Weise das gleiche. Dieses Verlangennach einem Doppelganger im anderen Geschlecht ist uralt. Es will Liebe eiiiesWesens, das uns vollig gleichen, aber doch ein anderes als wir sein soll, eineZaubergestalt, die wir sind, die aber doch eben auch eine Zaubergestalt bleibtund vor allem, was wir uns bloss ausdenken, den Atem der Selbstandigkeitund Unabhangigkeit voraushat. Unzahlige Male ist dieser Traum vomFluiduiii der Liebe, das sich, unabhingig von den Beschrankungen derKorperwelt, in zwei gleichverschiedenen Gestalten begegnet, schon in ein-samer Alchimie den Retorten der menschlichen Kopfe entstiegen-. l 5M u d via Ulrich reaches back in time when medieval alchemists, when not

in quest of the philosophers stone, searched in alchemical processes and


6/9

THE CONCEPT OF THE HERM APHRODITE I N MUSILSO V E L 165theological manuscripts for a method of artificially creating the perfect andultimate, the unio mysticu, or the symbol of the rota, which the alchemisthas ascribed to Mercury (whom, by the way Jung perceived as being thehermaphrodite . . . who divides into two n the classic dualism of brother-sister . . . The dream vom Fluidum der Liebe in the hands of scientistsremoves the hermaphroditic dominion from the sphere of the Gods andplaces it squarely in the hands of humans. The Liebe eines Wesens, das unsvollig gleichen, aber doch ein anderes als wir sein soll, is more specificallycalled Moral der Leistung, an image toward which one is directed. Sinceorder is virtue, it follows (through an enthemyme) that the striving fororder is a moral action. For Ulrich, Moral ist nichts anderes als eine Ordnungder Seele und der Dinge, beide urnfassend,l6 and thus Ordnung der Seelecan be equated with the union of Ulrich and Agathe into one entity (asZwillinge),whereas Ordnung der Dinge concerns the previously discussedsensuous elements, both however being necessary for one-ness.The Verlangen nach Geschwisterlichkeit serves as a bridge for Agatheto say: Geschwister ist eben nicht genug 17 With this declaration she hasbeen brought to conscious recognition (through Ulrich) that that which hasto be accomplished lies in the realm of incest, and to be Geschwister stilldenotes too large a gap for a more ethereal relationship. What is requiredis a closer tie, a mutual body, a common flow of blood, yet maintaining atthe same time the duality of the persons:

Mann musste ein Siamesisches Zwillingspaar sein sagte Agathe noch. AlsoSiamesische Zwillinge wiederholte ihr Bruder. . Er war wenig davonunterrichtet, wie solche zwei Nervensysteme arbeiten, die wie zwei Blatter aneinem Stiel sitzen und nicht nur durch Blut, sondern mehr noch durch dieWirkung der volligen Abhangigkeit miteinander verbunden sind. Er nahman, dass jede Erregung der einen Seele von der andern mitgefuhlt werde,wahrend sich der hervorrufende Vorgang an einem Korper vollziehe, der inder Hauptsache nicht der eigene sei.18This then is the postulation, the affirmation of total merger. That whichremains is the description of its attainment.

Seelische Vereinigung am hellen Tag bei Dualitat der Leiber. Dass auch dieVerschiedenheit der Personen verschwindet, die grosse Ubereinstiinmung, istIllusion, aber die Durchstreichung der Ichbetonung ist Realitat.IgThe cancellation of Ich is a mystical process; it is initiated from w i t h theindividual(s). All a t once they are transported to a realm Jenseits. Wide-eyedand expectant, they subjugate themselves to the approaching experience:

Die Zeit stand still, ein Jahrtausend wog so leicht wie ein Offnen und Schliessendes Auges; sie [Agathe] war ans Tausendjahrige Reich gelangt, Gott gar gabsich vielleicht zu fuhlen. Und wahrend sie, obwohl es doch die Zeit nicht


7/9

166 T H E C O N C E P T O F T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E I N M U S I L S N O V E Lmehr geben sollte, eins nach dem andern das empfand; und wahrend ihrBruder, damit sie bei diesem Traum nicht Angst leide, neben ihr war, obwohles auch keinen Raum mehr zu geben schien: schien die Welt, unerachtetdieser Widerspriiche, in allen Stucken erfiillt von Verklarung zu sein.20Time and space are n o m ore ; the void w hich then arises begins to be filledwith Werden. Ich-Du are two eparate and inseparable qualities positionedin a state of coiled insight. Th e experiencing of God by t is mystical processof insight releases man fr o m such earth-bound properties as time and space.W it h this, according to Eastern teachings, other hum an qualities comprcssedinto desires are also to van ish, leaving m an free to grasp the infmite.Released then fr om time and space, the M illennium is reached, das Tausend-jahrige Reich. In contrast to this attainment of divinity is the subtitle to

this particular portion of the novel-Die Verbrecher. This refers to thesins and follies committed by Agathe and Ulrich, from the falsification oftheir fathers will to thoughts of murder and suicide. The sexual actionsbegin to diminish in im portance until they are no longer present. W h a t isleft is the sanctum sanctorum of the M illennium; Verbrechen n o longer hasmeaning, place or significance. Incest too has been completely sublimatedand infused into the divine order.Th e androgynous union of Agathe and Ulrich, though not yet complete,has begun. T he chapter en titled Die Reise ins Paradies may be consideredto be the culmination of Musils portrayal o ft h e theme of the hermaphrodite.Since the novel is unfinished one can only specu late on how M u d wouldhave solved the problem; this however has been disputed, one scholargoing so far as to question the inclusion by the editor o f many of Musilsfragments and sketches in to the critical edition o f the novel.Z1 An examina-tion of what happens is therefore not necessarily the final conclusion, butit represents at least the furthest extrapolation of what M u d has wri ttenconcerning the unio mysticu of brother-sister.This chapter delves into the final phase, the mom ent of truth so-to-speak,of Ulrich and A gathe. T he shedding o f the Ichbetonung is realized as theytravel south to escape the everyday world (Sie waren ohne Passe abgereist22)and enter a realm where alles war wie W orte e ines G e d i ~ h t s . ~ ~ecludedn o w in their own private dominion, they prepare for their hermaphroditicapotheosis:

Sie kleideten sich aus. Sie hatten das Bedurfnis, nackt, schutzlos, klein wieKinder von der Grosse des Meeres und der Einsamkeit das Knie zu beugenund die A n n e auszubreiten. . . Haut klebte sich an Haut . . Standen jetztwie auf einem hohen Balkon, ineinander und in das Unsagbare verflochtengleich zwei Liebenden, die sich im niichsten Augenblick in die Leere stiirzenwerden . . und nur die Uberzeugung, die sie beseelte, dass sie erkoren seien,das Ungewohnliche zu erleben, hielt sie davon ab, zu ~ e i n e n . * ~


8/9

~

T H E C O N C E P T O F T H E H E R M A P H R O D I T E I N M U S I L S N O V E L 167In immediate fluid procession the transformation unfolds as Agathe suchteUlrich ausserhalb, aber fand ihn in der Mitte ihres HerzensYz5nd as bothkeinerlei Scheidung mehr spurten, weder in sich noch von den Dingen,waren sie eins geworden:Z6 Er vermochte es nicht klar festzustellen, aberin dieser fhmmernden H e h uber den Steinen . . gewann der peinlicheAugenblick unvermittelt die heimliche Wollust des Hermaphroditen,welcher sich in zwei selbstkdige Wesen getremit, wiederfindet . . 27 Havingbeen purged of earthly ties their baptism into the ultimate occurs, a totalimmersion of spirit into spirit. For a split second (which to them is aninfinity) they are one with each other, an hermaphroditic junction. Thatthey are the chosen ones is actually not very surprising. Seek and you willfind has proved to be more than a mere hypothesis in their case. They havesought and, through renunciation of self, have found the experience. T. SEliot in The Dry Salvages Four Quartets) succinctly states: We had theexperience but missed the meaning / ,And approach to the meaning restoresthe experience / In a different form, beyond any meaning / W e can assignto happiness.28 Ulrich and Agathe also have approached and comprehendedthe meaning of their union, and it has appropriate significance because of theprecise sequence followed in attaining it.

When the concluding portion of the novel takes up the thread of thoughtfrom the first book, it is a purged ulrich who appears, if but only briefly.The catharsis is of course the hermaphroditic experience, the voyage intoan unreal condition, or a t least a socially unreal condition. The final andunfinished portion of the novel stresses a return to the actual world, to arefurbished reality void of all pretentiousness and inanities: Utopie desniotivierten Lebens und Utopie des anderen Zustand wird ab Tagebuch-Gruppe der Erledigung zugefuhrt. Als letztes bleibt-in Umkehrung derReihenfolge-die der induktiven Gesinnung, also des wirklichen Lebens,ubrig Mit ihr schliesst das B u c ~ . ~ ~parallel can be found in ThomasManns Der Zmberberg, where Hans Castorp experiences his catharsis in anunreal environment, only to descend renewed to the real world he had onceleft. The time he spends at the sanatorium forms the crux of the novel, asthe time Ulrich spends with Agathe embraces the central theme of Der Mannohne Eigenschaften.The concept of the hermaphrodite is certainly not a new theme in litera-ture in general and in German literature in particular. As Raymond Furnesshas pointed out in his article (footnote 4 , writers such as Goethe, Novalis,Rilke, Trakl, Kafka and Musil have made mention, although sometimesvaguely, of this issue. It was however the task of a novclist, particularly oneof the calibre of M u d , to examine and extend the androgyne to its fullestdegree. For Musil this mystical union is not a common event undertakenrandomly, but is the experiencing of das Ungewohnliche by two people


9/9

168 THE CONCEPT OF THE HERMAPHRODITE I N MUSILS N O V E Lcaught up in an explosive and chaotic world where the isolation and loneli-ness of each individual and his inability to give and receive love necessitatea fervent desire to return to the old order, the mystical perfection of self.

NOTBSSir J. G. Frazer, Adonis, Attis Osiris, I1 (New York, 1961 . ee Footnotes 5 and 1 5 for reference to

Jmg.Gerhnrt Baumann, Robert Musil (Bern und Mlinchen: Francke Verlag, 1965 ,p. 157.R o be rt M u d , Prom, Dramen, Spdte Briefe, Gesammelte Werke in Einzelausgaben, ed. Adolf FrisC(Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag. 1957 p. 597. The inconsistent use of the nouns and pronouns in the lastquoted stanza is som ewh at reminiscent of Goethes description of Mignon in Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre). aymond Furness, The Androgynous Ideal: Its Significance in German Literature, The ModernLanguage Review, LX , no. I (Jan. 1965 . 61.C G. Jung and C. K e r h y i , Essays on a Science ofMythology, trans. R F C. Hull (New York , 1949 .

in Bollingen Series X X I I , p. 130.6 Gottfried Benn, Kann Keine Trau er Sein, Gesammelte W er ke in 4 BPnden, Vol. 3 (Wiesbaden:Linies Verlag, 1963 ,p. 5Ro bert Musil , Der M a n n ohne Eigen.chaften, Ce sam md te W erk e in Einzdausgaben, ed. Adolf Frist,5th ed. (Ham burg ; Ro wo hlt Verlag, 1960 , . 686. Further reference to this novel will be designatedMusil, followed by the page number.M u d , p. 687, . 688.H. A. Korff comments on Novalis and quotes from Die Lehrlinge zu Sais: H e r also wird derSchleier der lsis gehoben, das geheimnisvoUe RPtsel VOII Sais entschleiert. W o v o n das Fragme nt erzPhltisr also ein langer, geheimnisvoller We g, d er zuletzt und liberraschenderweise zu etw as ganz Na hem ...fuhrt. ls das Nichste, erscheint . die G eliebte . and Einem gelang e s - e r hob den Schleicr derGiittin zu Sais. Aber was sah e r? Er sah-Wunder des W un de rs- sic h selbst. From Geist der Goetheze it,3rd ed. (Leipzig: Koehler Am elang , IgSg), vol. 3 pp. 527-528.lo M u d , p. 694. Ulrich and Agathe are by no means twins in the usual sense. Actually five years separate them.1 2 M u d , p. 897.l 3 M u d , p. 898.l4 Mud, p. P99.l5 M i d , p. 905 see also C G. Jung, The Integration ofthe Personality, trans. Stanley Dell (London,l6 M u d , p. 746.l7 Musil. p. 908.18 Mud pp. 908-909.lq Musil, Prosa, Dramen, Spdfe Brief, p. 707.

I9S6 , . 227 .

20 M i d , p. 1144.2 See Wilhelm Bausinger, Srirdien xu eirter hisforisch-kritischenAusgabe von Robert Musils Roman Der22 M i d . D. 1408

Mann ohne Eigenschafren (Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag, 1964 .2 3 ~ u s i ~ ;1407.24 M u d , pp. 1410,1411.25 M u d , p. 1411.z Musil, p. 141127 Mtrsil, p. 1414.28 T. S Eliot, The Dr y Salvages Four Quartets , (N ew York: Harcourt, Brace Co. and W orld, hc. .Z Musil, p. 1584 italics are mine).19431,P. 24.

the concept of the hermaphrodite: agathe and ulrich in musil’s novel

Documents