the concept of electric vehicle & implementation in malaysia

GROUP MEMBER

NORHAYATI BT MUTALIB | KHAIRUL FAZRINE BIN MINHAD | KIM ZHAO WEI | LEE SAI FONG

UICW 6023 ACHIEVEMENT AND PROSPECT OF SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION IN MALAYSIA

THE CONCEPT OF

1.0 BACKGROUND OF Sustainable Energy

1.0 FUTURE TREND OFSustainable Energy

Figure: Figure Global new investment in renewable energy by sector, 2014 and growth on 2013, SBN

1.0 MALAYSIA’S EFFORT INSustainable Energy

Figure: Strategic diagram by SEDA

Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia

1.0 FUTURE TREND IN MSIASustainable Energy

Figure: annual Electricity generated from RE Figure: The approved capacity of renewable energy in Malaysia base on the statistic done on 31st October 2012.

minimum RM 2.1 billion savings cost to mitigate CO2 emissions

1.0 FUTURE TREND IN MSIASustainable Energy

minimum RM 2.1 billion savings cost to mitigate CO2 emissions

Minimum RM 19 billion of loan values for renewable energy project which will provide local banks with new source of revenues can be achieved

RM 70 billion of Renewable energy business revenues generated from renewable energy and more than 50,000 jobs created to construct operate and maintain

(SEDA, 2012).

By 2020….

1.0 BACKGROUND OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

Electrical Vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that use electrical energy instead of energy from internal combustion engine as a sources of energy to perform

kinetic energy for electric motor and provide movement for the vehicles

three types of electric vehicles; hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and pure battery electric vehicles

(BEVs) (K.Young et. al, 2013).

Started created invention on 1828

first invention of EV is on year 1832 - 1839

● according to Argueta (2010), EV started by Scotland inventor named Robert Anderson.

● this technology having slow movement in the early of the invention due to;

1. High Cost 2. Less Efficient

3. Less Demand● this slow moving will cause the reducing

of the price for conventional vehicles.

On year 1960 & 1970,● EV start to take part in

the market when people start to aware on the important of renewable energy

In Malaysia, first EV has been introduced when Mitsubishi Malaysia launched their new electric car named Mitsubishi- iMEV. (2011)

then followed by Nissan also introduced their new electric car Nissan Leaf.

In year 2013, a number of electric car (EC) start to appear on Malaysia’s road when the government offered full exemption for import tax and excise tax for EC. (K.T Lee, 2015)

Nevertheless, compared to conventional vehicles, popularoty of EV is still lacking in Malaysia communities.

2.0 THE CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLES

E-V Concepts creates environmentally safe, zero-emission vehicles that have excellent performance and are fun to operate. Truly a unique experience that will inspire individuals to take a moment and consider the only environmentally sound choice.

provides components and conversion kits for battery powered electric vehicle concept cars, trucks, motorcycles, boat propulsion systems, various types of handicap, utility and electric powered racing vehicles

2.1 WHAT IS ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

An electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of a gasoline engine. The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the amount of power—based on the driver’s use of an accelerator pedal. The electric car (also known as electric vehicle or EV) uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries, which are recharged by common household electricity.

From above figure, it shows that electric vehicles comprise of four important parts as follows:

1. Potentiometer

2. Rechargeable Batteries

3. Direct Current (DC) Controller

4. Electric Motors

2.1 WHAT IS ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

Parameters Conventional Vehicles

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Full Battery Electric Vehicles

Efficiency Convert 20%

energy from the

engine to power

the vehicles

Convert 40%

energy from the

engine to power

the vehicles

Convert 75%

energy from the

batteries to

power the

vehicles

Average Top

Speed

200km/h 180km/h 50 - 150km/hr

Maintenance Need to maintain

internal

combustion

engine regularly

Need to maintain

internal

combustion

engine regularly

Only need to

replace the

rechargeable

battery

Mileage Average 480km

before refueling

Average 480km -

500km before

refueling

Average between

160 - 300km

before recharging

Cost 14,000$ to

17,000$

19,000$ to

25,000$

6000$ to

100,000$

Table 1 below describe the comparison between conventional vehicles, hybrid

electric vehicles and full battery electric vehicle according to the selective

parameters (Argueta, 2010);

2.2 HOW ELECTRICAL VEHICLE WORKS

1. the operation start when the driver floor the acceleration pedal, 2. the potentiometer will send the signal to the DC controller in term of the amount of power to be delivered to

the electric motors. Basically there are two potentiometers which use to send the signal; a. one use to send the amount of power need to be supply b. use to send signal regarding the amount of power that need to be off or unused. For instance, the acceleration pedal has been press down for 25%, the DC controller will received the signal to pulse the power for 25% and at the same time off another 75% of power.

3. Finally, the electric motors which received the power from the DC controller will use the power to operate the transmission to move the vehicle forward or or backward. Figure below shows the bottom view of electric vehicles complete with the operational diagram

2.3 ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

The advantages of electric vehicles are listed as below;

1. Reduce the emission of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide by 98%

compared to internal combustion engine vehicles so that can help to

reduce air pollution.

2. Utilizing rechargeable battery packs that as a sources of electricity

which easily available.

3. Energy efficiency and environmental friendly.

4. Saving fuel cost since not affected to the increasing of fuel cost.

5. Improved ride quality in term of quite and smooth compare to

conventional vehicle due to the uses of battery and at the same time

reduce sound pollution cause by the transportation.

6. Less maintenance required since the only use batteries as sources

of energy to operates.

7. Long lasting batteries for electric vehicles commonly around 12 to

15 years.

3.0 CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STATE OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

BMW Motorrad has a long tradition in pointing out new ways and thoughts for the topic „mobility on two wheels“. For that, again and again many studies were presented in the past giving views to the future. The experimental vehicle eRR, created as a project with the Technical University of Munich, embodies an idea of an electric powered supersport motorcycle made by BMW Motorrad.

Bosch is researching batteries that will make it possible to drive longer distances without recharging, and will also cost less than current batteries. “Our battery experts are playing a key part in paving the way for electromobility,” says Dr. Michael Bolle, president of the corporate sector for research and advance engineering at Robert Bosch GmbH. As early as 2020, Bosch batteries should be capable of storing twice as much energy while costing significantly less. The market forecasts are correspondingly bullish: ten years from now, Bosch expects some 15 percent of all new vehicles worldwide to have an electrical powertrain. As a result, Bosch is investing 400 million euros a year in electromobility.

BMW reveal eRR Electric Superbike Concept Bosch working on 50 kWh battery packs weighing only 190 kg

volvo electic bus promotion in GothenburgSweden

ElectriCity is a unique collaboration that has

resulted in Gothenburg's first modern electric

bus route. Volvo is one of the project partners

and was also involved in creating the Silent

Bus Sessions, a campaign involving some of

Sweden's hottest artists performing four songs

for unsuspecting passengers on the silent buses

on route 55.

The campaign “Silent Bus Sessions” has

become a viral success. The videos, where

Swedish artists Zara Larsson and Seinabo Sey

perform on the new electric bus route in

Gothenburg have reached 2.5 million views.

GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

3.0 CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STATE OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

Following a glimpse of the

Proton Iriz EV prototype in South Korea last October 2014 , the

first pictures and initial specs of the local carmaker’s very own

electric vehicle. The Proton Iriz EV is currently on display at the

2015 International Greentech & Eco Products Exhibition and Conference Malaysia (IGEM).

While the exterior looks familiar, the Iriz EV is a totally different

car underneath. Powering the car is a permanent magnet AC

synchronous electric motor that puts out the equivalent of 116 kW

(155 hp) and 360 Nm of torque – the motor is juiced up by an LG-

developed 39.6 kWh lithium-ion polymer battery. This allows for a

0-100 km/h time of less than nine seconds and a top speed of

150 km/h.

http://paultan.org/2014/10/01/proton-iriz-ev-lg/

http://paultan.org/2015/09/10/greentech-malaysia-and-voltron-ink-mou-at-igem-2015-to-introduce-locally-assembled-electric-bicycles/

http://paultan.org/2015/09/10/greentech-malaysia-and-voltron-ink-mou-at-igem-2015-to-introduce-locally-assembled-electric-bicycles/

3.1 CHALLENGES OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

ENERGY DENSITY

Li-ion battery cannot store more energy to travel further.


ENERGY EQUIVALENCY


CHALLENGES THAT ARE FACE BY DEVELOPER OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

LIMITEDRANGE

Large Battery Size

LONG CHARGE

TIMETime Wastage

HIGH INITIAL COSTReturn of

Investment

BATTERY LIFE

Maintenance

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE

on the Performance comparison with

Gasoline Car

GRID INTEGRATION

where how to direct more energy to cater for

increasing electric vehicle usage


Most of the people drive less than 65 km per day.

Most cars are parked 23 hours of the day.

Range limitation can be design to suit with the users’ behavior of such

Lack of charge station

different travelling behaviour

Get people charge in right time

CUSTOMER PERCEPTION

PROBLEM SUGGESTION

3.2 MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

Battery Swapping VS Fast Charging

Normal Charging Fast Charging

20 minutes 30 minutes

20 km 270 km

Source: http://pneumaticaddict.wordpress.com/20

09/03/10/hybridcarscom-mercedes-rejects-electric-car-battery-swapping/


Most coverage of charging station● Israel● Denmark● Australia● US

Battery stations can provide battery swapping in minimal time

Charging stations could charge a car with minimum duration.

Recyclable lithium battery for economically affordable in market and recover 90% of the material

Extending battery life

Constructing better management systems for battery

Reducing weight over volume ratio of batterysearching alternative chemical compound


By the year 2020 onwards, the battery cost and quality would be incomparable and will replace the gasoline technology once and for all.

High initial cost in purchasing electrical vehicle

● manufacturer leasing the batteries than producing

● charging subscription plans


Electric cars will dominate the sales in the coming 20 years and by year 2030; sales of electric cars will overrule the light vehicle industry.


there are a few points that are look forward by the consumers and the manufacturers which are as follow:

❏ By year 2020, in the US, they expect 10% of the vehicles sold will be electric cars.

❏ Battery cost will reduce 50% to $420/kWh but the cost is still not affordable.

❏ A 30-50% reduction in fuel consumption by 2035 which is postulated by Heywood.

Source: McKinsey Quarterly: Electrifying Cars: How three industries will evolve ;

http://newenergynews.blogspot.com/2009/08/mckinsey-looks-at-coming-ev-phenomenon.html




3.3 TODAY AND FUTURE OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE IN MALAYSIA

11 electric vehicles on the road in year 2012 while hybrid cars stand approximately 8000 units.

--KETHA of Malaysia

make a major policy shift which will promote the production and domestic usage of electric vehicles.

The reformation of automotive industry could be coupled by the higher local and International demand which would able to contribute to the economy by triple from the perspective of gross domestic product to rise from the present 2.4% to 6.8% in production of electric and other energy efficient vehicles.

--Malaysia Automotive Institute (MAI)

Incentives offered to Malaysian in buying electric or hybrid vehicles such as 100% import duty exemption for electric or hybrid car below 2200 cu centimeters.

Goal of the MIA is to increase the number of hybrid and electric cars on the road by 10% by 2020,

--Mustapa Mohamed, the Minister of international

trade and industry.

Regulations and standards for firms that planned to set up charging stations for electric vehicles

--KETHA of Malaysia

Malaysia based vehicle producer Proton and Japan based Nissan and Mitsubishi are running trials on electric cars in Malaysia to raise awareness of the plug in option and test the viability


REVISED AUTOMOTIVE POLICY (NAP) 2014

4.0 CONCLUSION

➢ Advantages: ○ Numerous benefits that could alter the way we use vehicle

and reducing CO2 emissions tremendously. ○ Energy will be spent in a smarter manner where there is

minimum of energy waste and resources will be fully utilized.

➢ Challenges:○ There is a trend of researchers and developers are

throwing their resources to resolve and innovate new models to push EV to the global use.

➢ Hence, it is a great opportunity to start accepting the future trend and get involve in the track to the future world.

5.0 REFERENCE

➢ K. Young, C. Wang, L. Y. Wang, S. Kai (2013), Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies, Electric Vehicle Integration into Modern Power Networks, 15-54.

➢ R. Argueta (2010), The Electric Vehicle, University of California Santa Barbara College of Engineering, March, 2010.

➢ K. T Lee (2015), Automotive Industry-Electric Vehicle (Malaysia’s Electric Buses), EXIM Bank Global and Advisory Research, July, 2015.

➢ S.S Alam (2013), Renewable Energy in Malaysia: Strategies and Development, Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2013.

➢ Dan Lauber (2009), Electrical Vehicle 101, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.➢ Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia (2015), Malaysia Energy Statistic Handbook 2015, Malaysia.➢ Tyler Cicerello (2012), Malaysia: Going for green vehicles, Borneo Post Online, URL:

http://www.theborneopost.com/2012/06/10/malaysia-going-for-green-vehicles/➢ Ministry of International Trade and Industry (2014), National Automotive Policy 2014 (NAP 2014),

Malaysia.➢ Mei Mei Chu (2014), The 9 Highlights of the National Automotive Policy (NAP 2014) You Should

Know, URL: http://says.com/my/news/malaysia-national-automotive -policy-2014-highlights