the concept of assessment in biology
DESCRIPTION
This article may help the Biology Teachers in Malaysia to construct Biology Questions according to what is required in the examination. The arcticle is just a guide to constuct Biology Items.TRANSCRIPT
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The concept of assessment
By
Rosizan Bt Mohd Yusof
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SKOP
1. PEREALISASIAN ITEM
2. JADUAL SPESIFIKASI UJIAN ( JSU )
3.PENILAIAN ITEM( 9 POINT SYSTEM )
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EXAMINATIONFRUSTRATIONS
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Standardization of item writing: The constructs The contexts Items – Type, components and
characteristics Principles of item writing Techniques in item evaluation Creativity Verbal communication Teaching and learning The individual psychology of learning
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Piawaian Penulis Item
• Mempunyai pengetahuan dan kefahaman tentang konstruk yang diukur
• Mempunyai pengetahuan dan kefahaman tentang konteks
• Mempunyai pengetahuan dan kefahaman tentang jenis item, ciri item, prinsip pembinaan dan penilaian item
• Kreatif• Mahir dalam komunikasi verbal• Terlibat dengan pengajaran-pembelajaran di bilik darjah• Memahami psikologi pendidikan tentang individu yang
akan menduduki peperiksaan
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ASSESSMENT
Assessment is a process
of gathering information
in order to
make judgement
on the products of
a particular educational process.
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PENTAKSIRAN
Pentaksiran ialah satu proses
mendapatkan maklumat
dan seterusnya
membuat penghakiman
tentang produk
sesuatu proses pendidikan.
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CONDITIONS FOR ASSESSMENT
Instruments A group of people to be assessed Responses The raters /assessors / examiners Score
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RUKUN PENTAKSIRAN
Instrumen
Kumpulan Yang Ditaksir
Respons
Kumpulan Yang Menaksir
Skor
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AN ITEM
A tool or something that is used to obtain / invite
responseswhich represent the evidens
to be consideredin the assessment of a certain construct
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ITEM
Perkara atau alat
yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan
respons
yang merupakan evidens
yang boleh dipertimbangkan
dalam pentaksiran sesuatu konstruk
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COMPONENTS OF AN ITEMStimulus
A specific information or a graphic or an abstract of an article to which a question is based on.
Task / Stem A statement or phrasal words containing the requirements of the
question that has to be presented in the responses.
Instruction An instructional statement that indicates how the responses has to
be presented / delivered.
Mark Scheme A guide to the examiner/ raters as how to score : - rubrics
- sample answers
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KOMPONEN ITEMRangsangan / Stimulus
Maklumat khusus/grafik/petikan artikel di mana sesuatu soalan itu didasarkan.
Tugasan / Stem Pernyataan/kata dasar tentang apa / perkara yang perlu
dipersembahkan sebagai respons.
Arahan Pernyataan yang menunjukkan bagaimana harus respons itu
dikemukakan/ dipersembahkan.
Peraturan Pemarkahan Panduan tentang bagaimana skor diberikan : - rubrik
- contoh jawapan / respons
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SUBJECTIVE ITEM
This type of item allows
subjectivity in the respons
and
The score given is based on the mark scheme
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ITEM SUBJEKTIF
Item ini membenarkan
subjektiviti dalam respons
yang diberikan
dan pemberian skor adalah berdasarkan
skema penskoran.
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RESTRICTED RESPONSE ITEM
There is a tendency to limit the types and amount of responses within the (limited)
scope of the question task.nevertheless
It is not restricted to assess knowledge only (knowledge is the construct…LPM format)
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EXAMPLES OF RESTRICTED RESPONSE ITEM
1. Explain the meaning of a balanced diet.
2. Draw a diagram to show deviation of light rays when passing through a glass prism.
3. Differentiate between succession and colonisation (in an ecological study ).
4. An alloy is better than a pure metal. Give two reasons.
5. Describe the use of microorganisms in food industries
6. State two methods of producing pure metals
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ITEM RESPONS TERHAD
Berkecenderungan
menghadkan bentuk dan respons
pelajar
melalui skop yang disoal.
Tidak terhad kepada menguji pengetahuan sahaja.
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OPEN ENDED RESPONSE ITEM
Polychotomous and it invites various forms of answers.
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EXAMPLE OF OPEN ENDED RESPONSE
ITEMS
1. Describe the phenomenon of global warming
2. Explain the contribution of science and technology in the development of human sexual reproduction
3. Discuss problems often faced by people as a result of intensive use of pesticides in agriculture
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STRENGTH OF OPEN ENDED RESPONSE ITEM
The respondents / students are able to:
1. identify, select, organise and present ideas in a better form of communication.
2. combine and interrelate various ideas, knowledge and information from a variety of learning sources / media.
3. produce/present genuine ideas.
4. give judgement and evaluate ideas or information in the problems given .
5. to explore all the possible ways, methodology or approaches in an effort to solve the problems in the question.
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ITEM RESPONS TERBUKA
Bersifat polikotomus dan mengundang pelbagai kemungkinan jawapan
daripada pelajar.
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GUIDED RESPONSE ITEM
The responses are strictly based on the stimulus given in the question. The stimulus may be in the form of a diagram, photographs, a map, a chart / flowchart or a segment of an article/essay .
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STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
It consists of a series of items / questions in such a way that there are connections among all the items in the question. The items in the question are interrelated.
The responses thus given are the whole main processes / ideas / information in the concept or topic that is going to be tested.
It is a type of restricted and guided response item
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MARK SCHEME
A document containing : - answers / sample answers and scoring guides / rubrics as how to score students responses - it provides allocation of scores for each task in the item.Scoring rubric is a brief scoring guide as what to bear in mind / to consider during scoring and it is accompanied by sample answers.
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MARK SCHEMETwo types of scoring:
Analytical scoring The score given is based on points / correct
facts / evidence found in the students responses / answers.
Holistic scoring Scores awarded are based on the overall
( quality ) of students responses / answers or a perception marking
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Example of mark scheme
• Mark scheme1
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Peraturan Pemarkahan
Dokumen yang mengandungi : - jawapan / contoh jawapan, panduan untuk menskor jawapan pelajar - pembahagian skor bagi setiap tugasan yang terdapat dalam setiap item.Rubrik penskoran ialah panduan umum penskoran yang boleh dipertimbangkan semasa membuat penskoran
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Peraturan Pemarkahan
Penskoran Analitikal
Pemberian skor berdasarkan poin yang telah ditentukan.
Penskoran Mutu Keseluruhan
Pemberian skor berdasarkan mutu jawapan secara keseluruhan.