the community pharmacist's role in diabetes treatment

7/31/2019 The Community Pharmacist's Role in Diabetes Treatment

1/23

]`d Fieetko}y S`hrehfov}v

Rind ok Mohbd}dv ]rdh}edk}By Aoebdrny Gdrdkfd. S`hreM

sik fiesnd}oik i }òv hf}owo}y.

}`d s`hrehfov} vìtnm bd hbnd }i

hfòdwd }`dvd mordf}owdv64 ej)mN hkm }rojnyfdromdv

;243 ej)mN/

@ov}iry ig jdv}h}oikhn mohbd}dv ir mdnowdry ig h bhby

zdojòkj ; ? nbv

@ov}iry ig fhrmoiwhvftnhr movdhvd (FWM/

@ov}iry ig sinyfyv}of iwhry movdhvd

I}`dr fikmo}oikv zo}` okvtnok rdvov}hkfd

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] 2?


2/23

by okvtnok mdfodkfy+ Nikj%}dre ysdrjnyfdeoh hv bddk

vìzk }i okfrdhvd }`d rova i mdwdnisokj mohbd}dv%rdnh}dm

fiesnofh}oikv+ ]`drd hrd itr modrdk} fnhvvofh}oikv i

mohbd}dv< }ysd 8. }ysd 2. jdv}h}oikhn. hkm vdfikmhry (hv

h rdvtn} i jdkd}of fikmo}oikv. edmofh}oikv. hkm whroitv

i}`dr fhtvdv/+ H nov} i rova hf}irv ir }`d mdwdnisedk} i

mohbd}dv fhk bd itkm ok }`d bip ik shjd 2?+

Okvtnok ov hk dkmijdkitv ìreikd }`h} ov rdndhvdm

rie bd}h fdnnv nifh}dm ok }`d shkfrdhv ok rdvsikvd }i

dndwh}dm snhveh jntfivd+ Ok sh}odk}v zo}ìt} mohbd}dv.

okvtnok v}oetnh}dv fhrbi`ymrh}d ed}hbinove hkm hfono}h}dv

}rhkvdr i jntfivd ok}i fhrmohf hkm vadnd}hn etvfnd hkm

hmosivd }ovvtd. hkm fikwdr}v jntfivd ok}i jnyfijdk (}`d

v}irdm ire i bniim vtjhr/+ Hk hbvint}d okvtnok md%

fodkfy hrovokj rie bd}h fdnn mdv}rtf}oik ov rdvsikvobnd

ir }`d hmwdrvd f`hkjdv ok jntfivd fik}rin vddk ok }ysd 8

mohbd}dv (irehnny akizk hvltwdkond mohbd}dv irokvtnok%mdsdkmdk} mohbd}dv ednno}tv/+ Hn}ìtj` }`d vitrfd i bd}h

fdnn mdv}rtf}oik ov ki} tnny tkmdrv}iim. o} ov }ìtj`} }i bd

ht}ioeetkd ok kh}trd+

Dndwh}dm snhveh jntfivd fikfdk}rh}oikv }`h} ifftr

ok }ysd 2 mohbd}dv (irehnny akizk hvhmtn} ikvd} mohbd}dv

irkik%okvtnok%mdsdkmdk} mohbd}dv ednno}tv/ hrd fhtvdm

by h fiebokh}oik i okvtnok rdvov}hkfd hkm okhmdxth}d

fiesdkvh}iry okvtnok vdfrd}oik ok rdvsikvd }i h edhn+

Okvtnok rdvov}hkfd srdmieokhk}ny ifftrv z`dk okvtnok%

edmoh}dm jntfivd ts}had by }`d nowdr honv+ ]òv rdvtn}v okh fiesdkvh}iry iwdrsrimtf}oik i jntfivd hkm }`drdird

okfrdhvdv bniim jntfivd fikfdk}rh}oik+ Oeshordm okvtnok

vdfrd}oik ifftrv z`dk }`d shkfrdhv fik}oktitvny sri%

mtfdv okvtnok ok hk dir} }i ehok}hok dtjnyfdeoh (kirehn

heitk}v i bniim jntfivd/. rdvtn}okj ok `ysdrokvtnokdeoh+

O} ov }òv dndwh}dm heitk} i okvtnok ok }`d forftnh}oik }`h}

kdjh}owdny hdf}v }`d tkf}oik i }`d shkfrdh}of bd}h fdnnv

by mdfrdhvokj tr}`dr okvtnok vdfrd}oik+ ]`tv okfrdhvdm

okvtnok fikfdk}rh}oikv tn}oeh}dny rdvtn} ok nivv i bd}h%fdnn

edmoh}dm fiesdkvh}iry okvtnok vdfrd}oik ok rdvsikvd }i

edhnv. ndhmokj }i oeshordm jntfivd }indrhkfd+I}`dr edf`hkovev fik}robt}d }i ehok}dkhkfd i jny%

fdeof fik}rin+ Tkmdr kirehn s`yvoinijof forftev}hkfdv.

jntfhjik%noad sds}omd 8 (JNS%8/. hk dkmijdkitv okfrd}ok

ìreikd. ov rdndhvdm by }`d ok}dv}okd }`ritjìt} }`d mhy+

]`dvd ndwdnv okfrdhvd ok rdvsikvd }i giim ok}had+ JNS8

rdjtnh}dv jntfivd ìediv}hvov by h whrod}y i edhkv. ok%

fntmokj okfrdhvokj okvtnok srimtf}oik hkm }`d rdndhvd rie

shkfrdh}of bd}h fdnnv. hkm vnizokj i jhv}rof des}yokj hkm

mdfrdhvdm iim ok}had+ Jntfhjik%noad sds}omd8

hnvi mdfrdhvdv okhssrisroh}d shkfrdh}of hns`h

fdnn vdfrd}oik i jntfhjik. zòf` okfrdhvdv

`dsh}of jntfivd srimtf}oik ok rdvsikvd }i niz

bniim jntfivd+ ]`d dk|yed mosds}omyn sds}o%

mhvd%= (MSS%=/ rhsomny okhf}owh}dv JNS%8+ Mohbd%

}dv edmofh}oikv mdwdnisdm ok rdfdk} ydhrv `hwd

}hrjd}dm }`d JNS%8 sh}`zhy+ ]`dvd edmofh}oikv

hf} by okòbo}okj JNS%8 dk|yeh}of okhf}owh}oik

(MSS%= okòbo}irv/ ir htjedk}okj }`d dggdf}v ig

dkmijdkitv okfrd}ok (JNS%8 hjikov}v/+

VFRDDKOKJ HKM MOHJKIVOV

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv vfrddkokj ir mohbd}dv

v}hr}okj h} hjd =4 ok }ìvd zo}ìt} rova hf}irv+

O }`d vfrddkokj rdvtn}v hrd kirehn. }`d sh}odk}

vìtnm bd rdhvvdvvdm dwdry }`rdd ydhrv. }haokjok}i hffitk} f`hkjokj rova hf}irv hkm `dhn}`

v}h}tv+ Dhrnodr }dv}okj vìtnm bd fikvomdrdm o

}`d sh}odk} ov iwdrzdoj`} hv fnhvvodm by BEO

hkm `hv hmmo}oikhn rova hf}irv hv mdvfrobdm ok

]hbnd 8+ Mohbd}dv vfrddkokjv }`h} }had snhfd ok

h fieetko}y s`hrehfy fhk vdrwd hv h srd%

vfrddkokj hkm `dns }i omdk}oy sh}odk}v zì

i}`drzovd zitnm ki} `hwd bddk vfrddkdm+

]`drd hrd vdwdrhn modrdk} ed}ìmv tvdm

}i ehad h mohjkivov ig mohbd}dv+ Sroir }i }`drdndhvd i }`d 2383 V}hkmhrmv i Fhrd. `dei%

jnibok H8F (H8F/ zhv ki} rdfieedkmdm by

}`d HMH hv h mohjkiv}of fro}droik bdfhtvd i

}`d nhfa i hvvhy v}hkmhrmo|h}oik. hkm }`drdird

xtdv}oikhbnd hfftrhfy+ Vokfd }`d mdwdnisedk}

i }`d Kh}oikhn Jnyfi`deijnibok V}hkmhrmo|h%

}oik Srijrhe (KJVS/. }`d HMH kiz dkmirvdv

}`d tvd i H8F hv h mohjkiv}of is}oik+ Hk H8F

i 7+4 sdrfdk} ov fikvomdrdm mohjkiv}of hkm

vìtnm bd fikgredm by h vdfikm }dv} ik h

vtbvdxtdk} mhy+ Ftrrdk}ny. siok}%ig%fhrd (SIF/

mdwofdv vìtnm ki} bd tvdm z`dk hvvojkokj

H8F ir mohjkivov. hv }`dy hrd ki} v}hkmhrmo|dm+

Ikd hmwhk}hjd }i tvokj H8F hv h mohjkiv}of

ehradr ov }`h} }dv}okj midv ki} rdxtord hv}okj+

I}`dr mohjkiv}of ed}ìmv okfntmd h hv}okj

(h} ndhv} doj`} ìtrv/ snhveh jntfivd i 827

ej)mN ir hk irhn jntfivd }indrhkfd }dv} (IJ]]/

zo}` h }zi%ìtr snhveh jntfivd i 233 ej)

63 hedrofhvS@HREHFOV]~Kiwdebdr 2383 zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd}


3/23

mN+ ]`d IJ]] okfntmdv h :4 j jntfivd nihm

hkm vìtnm bd ok fiesnohkfd zo}` }`d Zirnm

@dhn}` Irjhko|h}oikv v}hkmhrmv+ Bi}` ig }`d

}dv}v rdxtord fikreh}oik by rdsdh} }dv}okj ik

h vtbvdxtdk} mh}d+ H rhkmie snhveh jntfivd

i 233 ej)mN ifftrrokj ok h sh}odk} movsnhyokj

fnhvvof vyes}iev i `ysdrjnyfdeoh (vtf` hv

sinytroh. sinys`hjoh. ir sinymosvoh/ zitnm hnvi

edd} }`d fro}droh ir h mohjkivov i mohbd}dv+

]òv }dv} midv ki} kddm }i bd rdsdh}dm+ Vtbvd%

xtdk}ny. srdmohbd}dv ov fikvomdrdm z`dk hv}okj

snhveh jntfivd ov 833824 ej)mN. ir h }zi%

ìtr snhveh jntfivd mtrokj hk irhn jntfivd

}indrhkfd }dv} ov 8=38?? ej)mN+ Hk H8F ig

4+:7+= sdrfdk} ov hnvi fikvomdrdm srdmohbd}dv+

]RDH]EDK] JIHNV IG ]@DRHS_Iwdrhnn mohbd}dv }rdh}edk} jihnv okfntmd

rdmtfokj rova ir mdwdnisedk} i nikj%}dre

eofriwhvftnhr hkm ehfriwhvftnhr fiesnofh%

}oikv. mdfrdhvokj mohbd}dv rdnh}dm eirbomo}y

hkm eir}hno}y. srdwdk}oik i hft}d fiesnofh}oikv

fhtvdm by fik}oktdm `ysdrjnyfdeoh. srdwdk%

}oik ig `ysijnyfdeof dsovimdv. hkm oesriwokj)

ehok}hokokj xthno}y i nod+ ]`dvd jihnv vìtnm

bd okfirsirh}dm ok}i }`d fhrd snhk hkm rdxtdk}%

ny rdwovo}dm zo}` }`d sh}odk} hv h shr} i rdjtnhrvdn%ehkhjdedk} vdvvoikv+

Jnyfdeof fik}rin ov hvvdvvdm }`ritj` }`d

edhvtrdedk} i H8F hkm fhsonnhry snhveh

jntfivd. hkm vdn%eiko}irokj bniim jntfivd

(VEBJ/ whntdv+ I }`dvd }dv}v. VEBJ ov }`d

ndhv} hfftrh}d1 ìzdwdr. o} ov eird fikwdkodk}

hkm ndvv okwhvowd }`hk }`d i}`drv+ Vdn%eiko}ir%

okj bniim jntfivd ov bdkdfohn hv h edhkv }i

vdn hvvdvv jnyfdeof fik}rin hkm hvvov} ok }`d

dwhnth}oik hkm srdwdk}oik i `ysijnyfdeoh+

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv }dv}okj }`rdd ir eird}oedv mhony ok sh}odk}v tvokj etn}osnd mhony ok%

vtnok okldf}oikv hkm okvtnok stesv+ Gir sh}odk}v

zo}` mohbd}dv ki} tvokj okvtnok. }`d eiko}irokj

rdxtdkfy ov ki} zdnn mdkdm hkm dwomdkfd i

bdkd} ov fik}riwdrvohn+ Hn}ìtj` vied v}tm%

odv vtjjdv} rdxtdk} eiko}irokj ndhmv }i nizdr

H8F whntdv hkm bd}}dr iwdrhnn it}fiedv. }`drd

ov hnvi dwomdkfd }`h} vtjjdv}v rdxtdk} eiko%

}irokj rdmtfdv xthno}y i nod zo}ìt} oesriwokj jnyfdeof

fik}rin+ Vied `dhn}` fhrd sriwomdrv xtdv}oik }`d fiv}%

ddf}owdkdvv hkm fnokofhn vojkofhkfd i rdxtdk} VEBJ

ok sh}odk}v ki} t}ono|okj okvtnok+ Ndvv v}rokjdk} eiko}irokj

ehy bd rdfieedkmdm ir }`dvd sh}odk}v. hkm vìtnm bd

okmowomthno|dm bhvdm ik sh}odk} kddm+ Jihnv ir snhveh

jntfivd hrd onntv}rh}dm ok ]hbnd 8+

]`d HMH hkm Hedrofhk Hvvifoh}oik i FnokofhnDkmifrokinijov}v (HHFD/)Hedrofhk Finndjd ig Dkmi%

frokinijov}v (HFD/ modr vnoj`}ny ok }`dor rdfieedkmh%

}oikv ir H8F jihnv+ Hvvdvvedk} i H8F vìtnm bd

sdriredm dwdry }`rdd eik}`v ir sh}odk}v ki} edd}okj

jnyfdeof jihnv. hkm h} ndhv} }zofd ydhrny ir }ìvd zì

hrd fik}rinndm+ Vdwdrhn fnokofhn }rohnv `hwd mdeikv}rh}dm

}`h} }oj`} jnyfdeof fik}rin rdmtfdv fhrmoiwhvftnhr rova

hkm srdwdk}v }`d mdwdnisedk} i eofriwhvftnhr fie%

snofh}oikv+ Ok fik}rhv}. }`d Hf}oik }i Fik}rin Fhrmoiwhv%

ftnhr Rova ok Mohbd}dv (HFFIRM/ }rohn mdeikv}rh}dmhk okfrdhvd ok eir}hno}y ok sh}odk}v rdfdowokj ok}dkvowd

jntfivd nizdrokj+ O} hssdhrv }`h} }oj`} jntfivd fik}rin

ehy okfrdhvd ir mdfrdhvd rova mdsdkmokj ik sh}odk}%

vsdfof hf}irv hkm }ysd i }`drhsy hmeokov}drdm+

Ehok}hokokj hk H8F i hssripoeh}dny : sdrfdk} ov

hssrisroh}d. bhvdm ik }`d fikgof}okj mh}h vtrritkmokj

rova. hkm H8F jihnv vìtnm bd okmowomthno|dm+ ]`d HMH

rdfieedkmv ndvv v}rokjdk} H8F jihnv (o+d+. : sdr%

fdk}/ ir }`d innizokj sh}odk}v< }`d dnmdrny. }ìvd h} rova

ir }ìvd zo}` h òv}iry i vdwdrd `ysijnyfdeoh. nikj%

v}hkmokj moftn}%}i%fik}rin mohbd}dv. vdwdrhn fieir%bomo}odv. hkm mdfrdhvdm nod dpsdf}hkfy+

]`d HMH rdfdk}ny dkmirvdm tvokj h kdz }dv} }`h} ov

rdfieedkmdm z`dk movftvvokj jntfivd fik}rin zo}` sh%

}odk}v+ Dv}oeh}dm hwdrhjd jntfivd (DHJ/ ov tvdm ok fik%

ltkf}oik zo}` H8F }dv}okj. hkm eiv} nhbirh}irodv sriwomd

hk DHJ z`dk hk H8F ov irmdrdm+ O} ov }ìtj`} }i bd eird

tkmdrv}hkmhbnd z`dk movftvvokj nhbirh}iry eiko}irokj

zo}` sh}odk}v. hv o} firrdnh}dv zo}` sh}odk} VEBJ whntdv+

]hbnd 8< Jihnv ir Jnyfdeof Fik}rin

]dv} HMH Jihn HFD hkm

HHFD Jihn

H8F >:$ >7+4$

Dv}oeh}dm hwdrhjd jntfivd >84= ej)mN >8=3 ej)mN

Srdsrhkmohn snhveh jntfivd :3%863 ej)mN >883 ej)mN

Siv}srhkmohn snhveh jntfivd >803 ej)mN >8=3 ej)mN

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] 68


4/23

I}`dr jihnv i }`drhsy okfntmd h bniim srdvvtrd i

>863)03 ee@j hkm h niz%mdkvo}y nosisri}dok ndwdn ig

>833 ej)mN ok eiv} (> :3 ej)mN ok }ìvd zo}` h òj`

rova gir fhrmoiwhvftnhr movdhvd/+ Srdwdk}oik hkm eiko}ir%

okj ir ehfriwhvftnhr fiesnofh}oikv. okfntmokj ysdr}dk%

voik hkm myvnosomdeoh. hrd movftvvdm nh}dr ok }`d srdwdk%

}oik hkm eiko}irokj ir fiesnofh}oikv vdf}oik+

NOGDV]_ND EIMOGOFH]OIKV

]`d Kh}oikhn Mohbd}dv Vdn%Ehkhjdedk} Dmt%

fh}oik ]hva Girfd mdvfrobdv MVED hf}owo}odv

hv }`d hvvdvvedk} i }`d okmowomthnv vsdfof

dmtfh}oik kddmv. omdk}ofh}oik i }`d okmowomt%

hnv vsdfof mohbd}dv vdn%ehkhjdedk} jihnv.

dmtfh}oik hkm bd`hwoirhn ok}drwdk}oik mordf}dm

]hbnd 2< Hwhonhbnd Irhn Hjdk}v

Fnhvv Jdkdrof Khed Brhkm Khed V}hrokj mivd Ehpoete

Mhony

Mivd ,

Hmltv}edk}v

ir Rdkhn)

@dsh}of

Oeshoredk}

Srdj%

khkfy

Fh}djiry

Bojthkomdv Ed}ireok

Ed}ireok DR

Jntfis`hjd

Roied}

Gir}hed}

Jntfis`hjd

PR

Jnted}|h

433 ej ikfd

}i }zofd mhony

ir 043 ej

ikfd mhony4338.333 ej

ikfd mhony

2.443 ej

2.333 ej

Rdkhn < Hwiom

@dsh}of< Ki}

rdfieedkmdm

B

2km Jdkdrh}oik

vtnikyntrdhv

Jnybtromd

(eofriko|dm/

Jnoso|omd

Jnoedsoromd

Eofrikhvd

MohBd}h

Jnykhvd

Jntfi}rin

Jntfi}rin PN

Hehryn

2+44 ej ikfd

}i }zofd mhony

2+44 ej ikfd

}i }zofd mhony

8+4 }i 6 ej

mhony

4 ej ikfd }i

}zofd mhony4 ej mhony

8 2 ej mhony

23 ej

23 ej

82 ej

=3 ej

23 ej

0 ej

Rdkhn< Ki}

rdfieedkmdm

@dsh}of8433

ej mhony hkm fnokofhn ehpoete mivd ov 2333 ej mhony+

Sriwomdrv ehy fikvomdr mivd }o}rh}oik dwdry 82 zddav

hv }indrh}dm+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v]`d eiv} fieeik vomd ddf}v hrd jhv}riok}dv}okhn

vyes}iev vtf` hv mohrr`dh. khtvdh. wieo}okj. gh}tndkfd.

okmojdv}oik. hkm hbmieokhn movfieir}+ Eiv} jhv}riok%

}dv}okhn vomd ddf}v vtbvomd h}dr h dz zddav i }`drhsy.

hkm sh}odk}v vìtnm hnvi bd okv}rtf}dm }i }had zo}` iim

}i eokoeo|d }`dvd ddf}v+ Nhf}of hfomivov ov hk dp}rdedny

rhrd yd} si}dk}ohnny vdwdrd vomd ddf} i }`drhsy hkm

fhtvdm by ed}gireok hfftetnh}oik+ @ysijnyfdeoh ov

ki} h fieeik vomd ddf} hv ed}ireok midv ki} hdf}

okvtnok rdndhvd+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Oimokh}dm fik}rhv} myd ehy fhtvd hft}d rdkhn oeshor%

edk}. zòf` fhk si}dk}oh}d ed}ireok%okmtfdm nhf}of

hfomivov+

Fik}rhokmofh}oikv)Srdfht}oikv

Ed}ireok ov fik}rhokmofh}dm ok sh}odk}v zo}` rdkhn oeshor%

edk}v. mdkdm hv h VFr i 8+4 ej)mN ok edk hkm 8+=

ej)mN ok ziedk+ Tvd ed}gireok zo}` fht}oik ok sh}odk}v

zo}` fikmo}oikv }`h} hrd hvvifoh}dm zo}` hk okfrdhvdmrova i nhf}of hfomivov. okfntmokj fikjdv}owd `dhr} hontrd

rdxtorokj edmofhn ehkhjdedk}. dp}rded hjokj. f`rikof

hnfiìn tvd. hkm hf}owd nowdr movdhvd+

Vtnikyntrdhv

Vtnikyntrdhv mdfrdhvd snhveh jntfivd by v}oetnh}okj

okvtnok rdndhvd rie }`d shkfrdh}of bd}h fdnnv. rdmtf%

okj jntfivd it}st} rie }`d nowdr hkm okfrdhvokj okvtnok

vdkvo}owo}y+ Voeonhr }i ed}ireok. vtnikyntrdhv

mdfrdhvd H8F by 82 sdrfdk}+ Vtnikyntrdhv

hrd fikvomdrdm vdfikm nokd ir }`d }rdh}edk} i

}ysd 2 mohbd}dv. hkm hrd rdfieedkmdm h}dr

hontrd }i hfòdwd jntfivd fik}rin zo}` ehpoete

fnokofhnny ddf}owd mivdv i ed}ireok hnikj

zo}` nodv}ynd eimofh}oikv+ Jnoedsoromd hkm

jnoso|omd hrd }`d srddrrdm hjdk}v zo}òk }òv

fnhvv. hv }`dy srimtfd ndvv `ysijnyfdeoh z`dk

fieshrdm zo}` }`d i}`dr hjdk}v+ Eird oesir%

}hk}ny. rv} jdkdrh}oik hjdk}v hkm jnybtromd ehy

bd hvvifoh}dm zo}` okfrdhvdm eir}hno}y. zòf` ov

vtvsdf}dm }i bd mivd rdnh}dm+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Vtnikyntrdhv hrd fnhvvodm ok}i }zi fh}dji%

rodv< rv} jdkdrh}oik (f`nirsrisheomd. }inh|h%eomd. }inbt}heomd/ hkm vdfikm jdkdrh}oik

(jnoedsoromd. jnoso|omd. jnybtromd/+ Fdr}hok

vtnikyntrdhv hrd hwhonhbnd ok fiebokh}oik

srimtf} iretnh}oikv. nov}dm ok ]hbnd 6+ Vdwdrhn

vtnikyntrdhv hrd hwhonhbnd ik jdkdrof vhwokjv

snhkv }`h} hrd hirmhbnd ir eiv} sh}odk}v+

Mivokj hkm Mivd Hmltv}edk}v

V}hr}okj mivdv modr bd}zddk hjdk}v zo}òk }`d

fnhvv hkm hrd nov}dm ok ]hbnd =+ H niz }i eimdr%h}d v}hr}okj mivd ov rdfieedkmdm zo}` jrhmthn

}o}rh}oik }i eokoeo|d rova ir `ysijnyfdeoh+ Dn%

mdrny sh}odk}v vìtnm bd v}hr}dm h} nizdr mivdv+

Sh}odk}v vìtnm bd okv}rtf}dm }i }had vtngikyn%

trdhv 63 eokt}dv bdird dh}okj. hkm dp}dkvowdny

fitkvdndm ik }`d oesir}hkfd i ki} vaossokj

edhnv zònd }haokj }`dvd edmofh}oikv+ Fnokofhn d%

fhfy ov tvthnny vddk zo}` eimdrh}d mivdv+ @oj`

}i ehpoete mivokj midv ki} }ysofhnny sriwomd

jrdh}dr bniim vtjhr nizdrokj. hkm okfrdhvdv }`d

rova ig `ysijnyfdeoh+ Sriwomdrv ehy fikvomdr

mivd }o}rh}oik dwdry 8 2 zddav hv }indrh}dm+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

]`d eiv} fieeik vomd ddf} ov `ysijnyfdeoh+

Jnybtromd hkm f`nirsrisheomd hrd hvvifo%

h}dm zo}` hk okfrdhvdm rova ir `ysijnyfdeoh

fieshrdm zo}` i}`dr vtnikyntrdhv+ Zdoj`}

jhok (ikd sitkm ik hwdrhjd/ ov hnvi fieeik+

6= hedrofhvS@HREHFOV]~Kiwdebdr 2383 zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd}


7/23

Sh}odk}v ehy hnvi dpsdrodkfd `dhmhf`d. mo||o%

kdvv. hkm jhv}riok}dv}okhn tsvd}+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

]`d eiv} fieeik mrtj ok}drhf}oikv ifftr

zo}` i}`dr edmofh}oikv }`h} si}dk}oh}d `ysi%

jnyfdeoh+


Tvd i h vtnikyntrdh ov fik}rhokmofh}dm ok

sh}odk}v zo}` }ysd 8 mohbd}dv hkm mohbd}of

ad}ihfomivov+ Srdfht}oikv vìtnm bd }hadk

zo}` sh}odk}v zì hrd vtvfds}obnd }i `ysi%

jnyfdeoh hkm `hwd `dsh}of ir rdkhn okvt%

gofodkfy+ Sh}odk}v zo}` h vtngikheomd hnndrjy

vìtnm bd fitkvdndm hv }i }`d si}dk}ohn ir

frivv%vdkvo}owo}y. hkm hssrisroh}d srdfht%}oikv vìtnm bd desniydm+

]òh|inomokdmoikdv

]òh|inomokdmoikdv (]\Mv ir jno}h|ikdv/ rdmtfd

bniim jntfivd fikfdk}rh}oikv by dk`hkfokj

}`d ddf}v i dpov}okj okvtnok }`ritj` oesriwdm

sdros`drhn jntfivd ts}had. mdfrdhvdm `dsh}of

jntfivd srimtf}oik. hkm mdfrdhvdm okvtnok

rdvov}hkfd+ Z`dk tvdm hv eiki}`drhsy ir }`d

}rdh}edk} i }ysd 2 mohbd}dv. ]\Mv rdmtfd H8Fby 3+48+= sdrfdk}+ Tknoad i}`dr irhn edmofh%

}oikv. ]\Mv ehy }had ts }i 82 zddav }i vdd tnn

bdkd}+ ]`d HMH midv ki} rdfieedkm tvd i

rivojno}h|ikd mtd }i }`d okfrdhvdm rova i eyi%

fhrmohn okhrf}oik+ ]òv rova midv ki} hssdhr }i

bd hvvifoh}dm zo}` soijno}h|ikd. hkm o} rdehokv

h }`drhsdt}of is}oik hv hk hmm%ik }i ehpoete

fnokofhn mivdv i ed}ireok. hnikj zo}` nod%

v}ynd eimofh}oikv. ir sh}odk}v zì `hwd ki}

hfòdwdm jnyfdeof fik}rin+ ]òv fiebokh}oik ov

ki} rdfieedkmdm ok sh}odk}v zo}` `ysijnyfd%eoh. dmdeh. F@G. ir bikd nivv+ Soijno}h|ikd

hnvi sivo}owdny hdf}v }`d nosom srind by ok%

frdhvokj òj` mdkvo}y nosisri}dok hkm mdfrdhv%

okj }rojnyfdromdv+ @izdwdr. o} ov oesir}hk} }i

ki}d }`h} soijno}h|ikd `hv ki} bddk vìzk }i

oesriwd fnokofhnny rdndwhk} it}fiedv vtf` hv

rdmtfdm eir}hno}y rova. ir rdmtf}oik i mohbd}dv%

rdnh}dm dkmsiok}v+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Gir }`d }oed bdokj. }`drd hrd }zi hwhonhbnd srimtf}v

ok }`d Tko}dm V}h}dv< soijno}h|ikd (Hf}iv/ hkm rivo%

jno}h|ikd (Hwhkmoh/+ ]`d GMH zhv fikvomdrokj }`d

zo}`mrhzhn i rivojno}h|ikd ir }`d ehrad}. bt} hk hmwo%

viry fieeo}}dd wi}dm }i adds }`d mrtj ik }`d ehrad}

ok Ltny 2383+ ]`dvd hjdk}v hrd hnvi hwhonhbnd ok h

fiebokh}oik }hbnd} zo}` ed}ireok hkm jnoedsoromd+

Ftrrdk}ny. kikd i }`dvd srimtf}v hrd hwhonhbnd hv h

jdkdrof. hkm }`dy hrd xto}d fiv}ny ir sh}odk}v zo}ìt}

srdvfros}oik okvtrhkfd+


Soijno}h|ikd (Hf}iv/ ov mivdm ikfd mhony hkm ehy bd

okfrdhvdm ok okfrdedk}v hv kddmdm }i fik}rin bniim jnt%

fivd. }haokj ok}i hffitk} }`h} o} ehy }had vdwdrhn zddav

}i rdhf` tnn }`drhsdt}of bdkd}+ Oko}ohn mivd hkm ehpoetemivd rdfieedkmh}oikv fhk bd itkm ok ]hbnd =+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

Ok fnokofhn }rohnv. ]\Mv zdrd hvvifoh}dm zo}` hk okfrdhvdm

rova i gtom rd}dk}oik. ndhmokj }i sdros`drhn dmdeh. zdoj`}

jhok. hkm okfrdhvdm rova i dhr}%hontrd dphfdrbh}oikv

hkm ivso}hno|h}oikv+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Mtd }i }`dor edf`hkovev i hf}oik. fikftrrdk} tvdzo}` vtnikyntrdhv hkm okvtnok okfrdhvd }`d rova i

`ysijnyfdeoh+


]òh|inomokdmoikdv hrd fik}rhokmofh}dm ok sh}odk}v zo}`

dv}hbnov`dm Kdz _ira @dhr} Hvvifoh}oik (K_@H/ fnhvv OOO

ir OW `dhr} ghontrd+ Fikfieo}hk} okvtnok tvd ov hvvifoh}dm

zo}` jrdh}dr heitk}v i gtom rd}dk}oik+ Noadzovd. ]\Mv

vìtnm bd tvdm zo}` fht}oik ok sh}odk}v zo}` h òv}iry i

vyes}ieh}of dmdeh+ Hk okfrdhvdm rova ir mdwdnisedk}

i bikd rhf}trdv zhv ibvdrwdm ok fnokofhn }rohnv ir bi}`hjdk}v. hkm }`dy vìtnm bd tvdm fht}oitvny ok sh}odk}v

zo}` h òv}iry i bikd nivv+ ]`dvd hjdk}v vìtnm bd

tvdm zo}` fht}oik ok sh}odk}v zo}` h òv}iry i hkdeoh. hv

winted iwdrnihm ehy fhtvd `deimont}oik. ehkodv}dm

hv h mdfrdhvd ok edhvtrdm `deijnibok hkm `deh}ifro}+

]òh|inomokdmoikdv ehy rdvtn} ok rdvtes}oik i iwtnh%

}oik+ Srdedkishtvhn hkiwtnh}iry ziedk vìtnm bd

fitkvdndm hbit} }òv rova+

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] 64


8/23

Edjno}okomdv

Edjno}okomdv (jno}okomdv ir jnokomdv/ hrd vìr}%hf}okj vdfrd%

}hjijtdv. ziraokj voeonhrny }i }`dor nikjdr%hf}okj vtnikyn%

trdh fitk}drshr}v+ Z`dk tvdm ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 2

mohbd}dv. edjno}okomdv `hwd bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd H8F

by 3+48+4 sdrfdk}. zo}` kh}djnokomd (V}hrnop/ bdokj vnoj`}ny

ndvv dggdf}owd }`hk rdshjnokomd (Srhkmok/+ Kdo}`dr hjdk}

`hv bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd fnokofhnny rdnh}owd dkmsiok}v+

Edjno}okomdv hrd hssriwdm ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 2 moh%

bd}dv. hv hk hmltkf} }i mod} hkm dpdrfovd+ ]`d HMH midv

ki} rdfieedkm edjno}okmdv ir rit}okd tvd ok }`d }rdh}%

edk} i }ysd 2 mohbd}dv. hv }`dy `hwd ki} mdeikv}rh}dm

fnokofhn ir fiv}%ddf}owd vtsdroiro}y fieshrdm zo}` rit}okd

}`drhsodv+ Edjno}okomdv ehy bd tvdm hv hmltkf} }`drhsy

ok sh}odk}v zì hrd tkhbnd }i }had v}hkmhrm }rdh}edk}.

hkm ehy bd shr}oftnhrny bdkdfohn ok }ìvd zo}` dndwh}dm

siv}srhkmohn jntfivd dndwh}oikv+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Kh}djnokomd (V}hrnop/ hkm rdshjnokomd (Srhkmok/ hrd }`d }zi

srimtf}v hwhonhbnd ok }`d Tko}dm V}h}dv+ Bi}` srimtf}v hrd

ikny hwhonhbnd hv brhkm khed hkm hrd fiv}ny ir sh}odk}v

zo}ìt} srdvfros}oik okvtrhkfd+


Edjno}okomdv `hwd h vìr}dr ikvd} i hf}oik hkm mtrh}oik

i hf}oik z`dk fieshrdm zo}` vtnikyntrdhv hkm }`drd%ird rdxtord eird rdxtdk} mivokj+ V}hr}okj hkm ehpoete

rdfieedkmdm mivdv modr bd}zddk }`d }zi hjdk}v hkm

fhk bd itkm ok ]hbnd 2+ ]`dy vìtnm bd }hadk 84 eokt}dv

bdird edhnv hkm hrd }o}rh}dm zddany+ ]i hwiom `ysijnyfd%

eoh. okv}rtf} sh}odk}v }i ieo} }`dor mivd o vaossokj h edhn+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

Fieeik hmwdrvd ddf}v okfntmd `ysijnyfdeoh. tssdr rd%

vsorh}iry okdf}oik. hkm `dhmhf`d+ Jnokomdv hrd hvvifoh}dm

zo}` ndvv `ysijnyfdeoh z`dk fieshrdm zo}` vtnikyntrdhv+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Fiebokh}oik }`drhsy zo}` vtnikyntrdhv ov ki} rdfie%

edkmdm. jowdk }`dor voeonhr edf`hkove i hf}oik hkm

rova ir `ysijnyfdeoh+ Rdshjnokomd ov fik}rhokmofh}dm

zo}` tvd i jdebri|on hkm vìtnm bd tvdm zo}` fht%

}oik ok fiebokh}oik zo}` o}rhfikh|indv. hv }`dy fhk

si}dk}oh}d o}v `ysijnyfdeof ddf}v+ ]`dvd }`rdd edmo%

fh}oikv vìtnm kdwdr bd tvdm }ijd}`dr+


]`d tvd i edjno}okomdv ov fik}rhokmofh}dm

ok sh}odk}v zo}` }ysd 8 mohbd}dv ir MAH. hkm

}ìvd tvokj jdegbri|on+ Tvd fht}oik ok sh%

}odk}v zo}` nowdr movdhvd. rdkhn movdhvd. ir

hmrdkhn ir so}to}hry okvtgfodkfy. hkm }ìvd

vtvfds}obnd }i `ysijnyfdeoh (vtf` hv dnmdrny

hkm ehnkitrov`dm sdrvikv/+

Hns`h%Jntfivomhvd Okòbo}irv

Hns`h%jntfivomhvd okòbo}irv nizdr siv}srhk%

mohn jntfivd ndwdnv by mdnhyokj fhrbi`ymrh}d

hbvirs}oik ok }`d brtv` birmdr i }`d vehnn

ok}dv}okd+ ]`dy `hwd bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd H8F

by 3+43+0 sdrfdk} bt} `hwd ki} bddk vìzk

}i oesriwd iwdrhnn ir fhrmoiwhvftnhr eir}hno}y+

Hns`h%jntfivomhvd okòbo}irv hrd rdfieedkmdmhv hmltkf} }`drhsy ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 2

mohbd}dv ok sh}odk}v zì hrd tkhbnd }i hfòdwd

jnyfdeof fik}rin zo}` mod} hnikd+ ]`dy hrd ki}

rit}okdny tvdm mtd }i }`dor noeo}dm dfhfy hkm

jhv}riok}dv}okhn vomd ddf}v. hkm hrd ki} rdfie%

edkmdm ir rit}okd tvd by }`d HMH+ ]`dy ehy

bd tvdm hv hmltkf} }`drhsy ok sh}odk}v }`h}

hrd tkhbnd }i }indrh}d v}hkmhrm }rdh}edk} ir

}ìvd zo}` moftn} }i fik}rin siv}srhkmohn bniim

jntfivd rdhmokjv+ Hfhrbivd ehy `hwd h rindok }rdh}edk} i srdmohbd}dv bhvdm ik rdvtn}v i

h vokjnd }rohn ok sh}odk}v zo}` oeshordm jntfivd

}indrhkfd (OJ]/. ok zòf` sh}odk}v rdfdowokj

hfhrbivd mdeikv}rh}dm h rdmtfdm rova i fhr%

moiwhvftnhr dwdk}v+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Hfhrbivd (Srdfivd/ hkm eojno}in (Jnyvd}/ hrd

}`d }zi hns`h%jntfivomhvd okòbo}irv hwhonhbnd

ok }`d Tko}dm V}h}dv+ Hfhrbivd ov hwhonhbnd hv

bi}` brhkm hkm jdkdrof. z`drdhv eojno}in ovikny hwhonhbnd hv brhkm+ Fiv} modrv bhvdm ik

srimtf}. zo}` hfhrbivd (jdkdrof/ bdokj }`d ndhv}

dpsdkvowd is}oik+

Mivokj hkm Mivhjd Hmltv}edk}v

]i mdfrdhvd jhv}riok}dv}okhn vomd ddf}v. oko}o%

h}d }`drhsy h} niz mivd }`rdd }oedv mhony zo}`

}`d rv} bo}d i dhf` edhn+ V}hr}okj mivd hkm



9/23

ehpoete rdfieedkmdm mivd okireh}oik fhk

bd itkm ok ]hbnd 2+ ]o}rh}oik vìtnm bd bhvdm

ik jntfivd fik}rin hkm }indrhkfd+ Sh}odk}v zo}`

òj` fhrbi`ymrh}d mod}v ehy ibvdrwd h nhrjdr

mdfrdhvd ok H8F+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

]`d eiv} fieeik vomd ddf}v rie }`drhsy hrd

jhv}riok}dv}okhn ok kh}trd (gh}tndkfd. mohrr`dh.

hkm hbmieokhn shok/ hkm ifftr ok òj` okfo%

mdkfdv. ndhmokj }i siir nikj%}dre hm`drdkfd

rh}dv+ ]`dvd hmwdrvd ddf}v i}dk srdfntmd }`d

rit}okd tvd i hns`h%jntfivomhvd okòbo}irv hv h

}rdh}edk} is}oik+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Fikftrrdk} tvd zo}` vtnikyntrdh ehy si}dk}o%h}d `ysijnyfdeoh hkm vìtnm bd hwiomdm+

Okv}rtf} sh}odk}v dpsdrodkfokj ysijnyfdeoh }i

}rdh} vyes}iev zo}` vtfrivd. hv }`d hns`h%jnt%

fivomhvd okòbo}irv vniz hbvirs}oik i fiesndp

fhrbi`ymrh}dv+ Mojdv}owd dk|yed vtssndedk}v

(heynhvd hkm shkfrdh}ok/ hkm ok}dv}okhn hm%

virbdk}v (f`hrfihn/ ehy fhtvd h rdmtf}oik i

jnyfdeof ddf}v. hkm fikfieo}hk} tvd ov ki}

rdfieedkmdm+


Hns`h%jntfivomhvd okòbo}irv hrd fik}rhokmo%

fh}dm ok }`d ginnizokj vo}th}oikv< VFr ;2 ej)mN.

forrìvov. mohbd}of ad}ihfomivov. finik tnfdr%

h}oikv. fikmo}oikv }`h} zirvdk zo}` okfrdhvdm

ok}dv}okhn jhv. mojdv}owd movdhvdv. okgheeh}iry

bizdn movdhvd. shr}ohn bizdn ibv}rtf}oik. hkm

srdmovsivo}oik }i bizdn ibv}rtf}oik+

Mosds}omyn Sds}omhvd%= Okòbo}ir

Mosds}omyn sds}omhvd%= okòbo}irv bnifa }`dbrdhamizk ig }`d okfrd}ok ireikdv JNS%8 hkm

jntfivd%mdsdkmdk} okvtnoki}risof sinysds}omd

(JOS/. }`tv si}dk}oh}okj }`dor dggdf}v. zòf` hrd

rdvsikvobnd ir okfrdhvokj jntfivd%edmoh}dm

okvtnok vdfrd}oik hkm mdfrdhvokj jntfhjik

vdfrd}oik+ Z`dk tvdm hv eiki}`drhsy ir }`d

}rdh}edk} ig }ysd 2 mohbd}dv. MSS%= okòbo}irv

`hwd bddk vìzk }i mdfrdhvd H8F by 3+73+?

sdrfdk}+ Mosds}omyn sds}omhvd%= okòbo}irv hrd okmofh}dm

ir tvd ok }ysd 2 mohbd}ofv hv eiki}`drhsy ir ok fiebokh%

}oik zo}` i}`dr hk}omohbd}of hjdk}v }i oesriwd bniim jnt%

fivd+ ]`dy hrd ki} rdfieedkmdm ir rit}okd tvd by }`d

HMH mtd }i }`dor noeo}dm fnokofhn dfhfy z`dk fieshrdm

zo}` i}`dr hk}o%mohbd}dv hjdk}v+ ]`dvd hjdk}v `hwd ki}

bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd fhrmoiwhvftnhr ir iwdrhnn eir}hn%

o}y+ ]`dy ehy bd tvdm hv hmltkf} }`drhsy ok sh}odk}v zì

hrd tkhbnd }i }indrh}d v}hkmhrm }rdh}edk} hkm ehy `hwd

vied bdkd} ok sh}odk}v zì hrd iwdrzdoj`}. hv }`dy hrd

zdoj`} kdt}rhn+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Vhphjnos}ok (Ikjny|h/ zhv hssriwdm ir tvd by }`d GMH ok

233? hkm zhv rdndhvdm ok 2383+ Vo}hjnos}ok (Lhktwoh/ zhv

}`d rv} hwhonhbnd MMS%= okòbo}ir hkm ov hwhonhbnd ok fie%

bokh}oik zo}` ed}ireok (Lhkted}/+ Bi}` edmofh}oikv hrdhwhonhbnd ikny hv brhkm khedv hkm hrd fiv}ny ir sh}odk}v

zo}ìt} srdvfros}oik okvtrhkfd+ ]zi hmmo}oikhn hjdk}v ok

}òv fnhvv hrd tkmdr GMH rdwodz ir hssriwhn+


Bi}` vo}hjnos}ok (Lhktwoh/ hkm vhphjnos}ok (Ikjny|h/ hrd

hmeokov}drdm ikfd mhony zo}ìt} rdjhrm }i edhnv+ Mivokj

okireh}oik ov hwhonhbnd ok ]hbnd 2+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}vFieeik vomd ddf}v okfntmd dhmhf`d. khvis`hryk%

jo}ov. hkm tssdr rdvsorh}iry }rhf} okdf}oik+ Trokhry }rhf}

okdf}oikv zdrd hnvi ibvdrwdm zo}` vhphjnos}ok }`drhsy+

]`d tvd i vo}hjnos}ok hnikd ir ok fiebokh}oik zo}`

ed}ireok `hv bddk hvvifoh}dm zo}` }`d mdwdnisedk} i

hft}d shkfrdh}o}ov ok 00 fhvdv+ Okv}rtf} sh}odk}v }i eiko%

}ir ir vyes}iev i shkfrdh}o}ov (vtf` hv tssdr hbmieo%

khn shok. i}dk rhmoh}okj }i }`d bhfa. hkm hffieshkodm

by khtvdh. wieo}okj. hkm mohrr`dh/ hkm rdfieedkm mov%

fik}okth}oik o vyes}iev ifftr+ ]`d ehliro}y i fhvdv

zdrd rdvinwdm zo}` movfik}okth}oik ig vo}hjnos}ok+ Shkfrd%h}o}ov `hv ki} bddk ibvdrwdm zo}` vhphjnos}ok+ @izdwdr. o}

`hv ki} bddk ik }`d ehrad} ir h nikj sdroim i }oed+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Tvd zo}` fht}oik ok sh}odk}v }haokj edmofh}oikv }`h} hrd

ed}hbino|dm by }`d F_S6H= hkm F_S6H4 vyv}de+ Okmtf%

drv i }`d hbiwd dk|yed vyv}dev ehy okfrdhvd ed}hbi%

nove hkm ehy mdfrdhvd dfhfy+ Mrtjv }`h} okòbo} }`dvd

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] 6:


10/23

dk|yed vyv}dev ehy ok}drdrd zo}` ed}hbinove hkm si%

}dk}oh}d vomd ddf}v i }`d mrtj+ ]`d rova i `ysijnyfdeoh

ov okfrdhvdm z`dk MSS%= okòbo}irv hrd tvdm ok fiebokh%

}oik zo}` vtnikyntrdhv+


Tvd fht}oik z`dk tvokj vo}hjnos}ok ok sh}odk}v zo}` h òv%

}iry i shkfrdh}o}ov. hv vhd}y ok }òv sistnh}oik `hv ki}

bddk v}tmodm+ Sh}odk}v zo}` rdkhn myvgtkf}oik rdxtord mivd

hmltv}edk}v ir bi}` hjdk}v+

Fdk}rhn Hf}okj Misheokd Hjikov}v

Brieifros}okd edvynh}d ov h misheokd rdfds}ir hji%

kov}. hkm o}v dphf} edf`hkove ir jntfivd rdmtf}oik ov

tkakizk+ O} ov GMH%okmofh}dm hv hk hmltkf} }i mod} hkm

dpdrfovd ok hmtn}v zo}` }ysd 2 mohbd}dv+ O} vìtnm bd ki}

bd tvdm }i }rdh} }ysd 8 mohbd}dv ir mohbd}of ad}ihfomivov+Noeo}dm dfhfy mh}h dpov}v ir z`dk o} ov tvdm ok fiebo%

kh}oik zo}` }òh|inomokdmoikdv. hkm dfhfy `hv ki} bddk

fikredm ok fiebokh}oik zo}` okvtnok+ Rdmtf}oikv ok H8F

i hssripoeh}dny 3+4 sdrfdk} `hwd bddk ibvdrwdm z`dk

tvdm hv eiki}`drhsy hkm z`dk hmmdm }i i}`dr }`drhsy

okfntmokj vtnikyntrdhv hkm ed}ireok+ ]òv ov h kdz fnhvv

hssriwdm }i }rdh} }ysd 2 mohbd}dv hkm }`d HMH `hv ki}

fieedk}dm ik o}v snhfd ok }`drhsy+ Eird fnokofhn dwomdkfd

ov kddmdm }i md}dreokd snhfd ok }`drhsy+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Brieifros}okd edvynh}d (Fyfnivd}/ zhv hssriwdm ir

tvd by }`d GMH ok Ehy 233? hkm ov hwhonhbnd hv hk 3+0

ej }hbnd}+


]`drhsy vìtnm bd oko}oh}dm zo}` h mivd ig 3+0 ej mhony

hkm okfrdhvdm zddany by 3+0 ej tk}on h ehpoete }indrh}dm

mivd ig 8+7 }i =+0 ej ov hfòdwdm+ Brieifros}okd vìtnm

bd }hadk zo}òk }zi ìtrv h}dr zhaokj ok }`d eirkokj zo}`

iim }i eokoeo|d jhv}riok}dv}okhn vomd ddf}v+ Okireh}oikhbit} Fyfnivd} mivokj ov nifh}dm ok ]hbnd 2+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

Fieeik vomd ddf}v vddk ok fnokofhn }rohnv okfntmd kht%

vdh. gh}ojtd. mo||okdvv. wieo}okj. hkm `dhmhf`d+ @ysijny%

fdeoh zhv ki} fieeikny ibvdrwdm z`dk brieifros}okd

zhv tvdm hv eiki}`drhsy+ Brieifros}okd ehy fhtvd

viekindkfd. hkm sh}odk}v vìtnm bd hmwovdm ki} }i

isdrh}d `dhwy ehfòkdry o dpsdrodkfokj }òv

hmwdrvd ddf}+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Fikfieo}hk} tvd i brieifros}okd hkm mi%

sheokd rdfds}ir hk}hjikov}v (vtf` hv mie%

sdromikd/ ehy rdmtfd }`d ddf}owdkdvv i

brieifros}okd+ Brieifros}okd ehy okfrdhvd

drji}%rdnh}dm hmwdrvd ddf}v hkm rdmtfd drji}

ddf}owdkdvv+ Brieifros}okd ov dp}dkvowdny

ed}hbino|dm by F_S6H= hkm vìtnm bd tvdm

zo}` fht}oik z`dk fihmeokov}drdm zo}` v}rikj

okòbo}irv (vtf` hv ehfrinomd hk}oboi}ofv. h|ind

hk}ogtkjhnv. hkm @OW sri}dhvd okòbo}irv/.

okmtfdrv (vtf` hv rohesok hkm mdphed}`h%

vikd/. ir vtbv}rh}dv ig F_S6H=+

Fik}rhokmofh}oikv

]`d tvd i brieifros}okd ov fik}rhokmofh}dm ok

sh}odk}v hnndrjof }i drji}%rdnh}dm mrtjv. }ìvd

zo}` vykfishn eojrhokdv. hkm ktrvokj ziedk+

Brieifros}okd tvd ov hvvifoh}dm zo}` `ysi%

}dkvoik hkm vìtnm bd tvdm zo}` fht}oik ok

sh}odk}v }haokj hk}o`ysdr}dkvowd edmofh}oikv+

Tvd zo}` fht}oik ok sh}odk}v zo}` h òv}iry i

svyfìvov. hv brieifros}okd ehy dphfdrbh}d

svyfì}of movirmdrv ir rdmtfd }`d ddf}owdkdvvi hk}osvyfì}ofv+

OKLDF]HBND EDMOFH]OIKV

Heynok Hjikov}v

Heynok ov h ìreikd vdfrd}dm ok fikltkf}oik

zo}` okvtnok rie }`d shkfrdh}of bd}h fdnnv. O}

rdmtfdv siv}srhkmohn bniim jntfivd by vniz%

okj jhv}rof des}yokj. rdmtfokj bi}` jntfhjik

vdfrd}oik. hkm okmtfdv hssd}o}d vtssrdvvoik+

Heynok hjikov}v mdfrdhvd H8F by 3+4 3+: sdr%

fdk}+ Heynok hjikov}v hrd okmofh}dm hv hmltkf%}owd }`drhsy ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 8mohbd}dv

ok sh}odk}v tvokj edhn}oed okvtnok zì `hwd

hondm }i hfòdwd jntfivd fik}rin+ ]`dy hrd hnvi

okmofh}dm ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 2 mohbd}dv hv

hk hmltkf}owd hjdk} ir sh}odk}v }haokj edhn}oed

okvtnok zì `hwd hondm }i hfòdwd jntfivd fik%

}rin zo}` is}oehn okvtnok }`drhsy (zo}` ir zo}ìt}

}`d tvd i ed}ireok hkm vtnikyntrdh/+ ]`dy



11/23

hrd ki} rdfieedkmdm ir rit}okd tvd by }`d

HMH mtd }i }`dor noeo}dm dfhfy hkm siir }indr%

hbono}y+ ]`dy ehy bd tvdm hv hmltkf} }`drhsy

ok sh}odk}v zì hrd tkhbnd }i }indrh}d v}hkmhrm

}rdh}edk} ir }ìvd zo}` moftn}%}i%fik}rin siv}%

srhkmohn bniim jntfivd rdhmokjv+ ]`dy fitnm

bd fikvomdrdm ok iwdrzdoj`} sh}odk}v. hv }`dy

`hwd bddk sriwdk }i mdfrdhvd zdoj`} by 26

sitkmv+ Heynok hjikov}v `hwd ki} bddk vìzk

}i rdmtfd fhrmoiwhvftnhr ir iwdrhnn eir}hno}y+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Srhenok}omd (Vyenok/ okldf}oik ov }`d ikny heynok

hjikov} hwhonhbnd ok }`d Tko}dm V}h}dv+


Mivokj rdfieedkmh}oikv ir }`d tvd isrhenok}omd modr bhvdm ik }ysd i mohbd}dv+

V}hr}okj mivdv hkm ehpoete mivdv hrd nov}dm

ok ]hbnd =+ Srhenok}omd ov hmeokov}drdm oeedmo%

h}dny sroir }i ehlir edhnv+ Sris`ynhf}of okvtnok

mivd rdmtf}oik by 43 sdrfdk} ov rdfieedkmdm

tsik }`d oko}oh}oik i srhenok}omd }i rdmtfd }`d

rova i `ysijnyfdeoh+ Grdxtdk} bniim jntfivd

eiko}irokj ov rdfieedkmdm mtrokj mivd oko}oh%

}oik hkm }o}rh}oik+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

]`d eiv} fieeik vomd ddf}v ibvdrwdm zo}`

srhenok}omd okfntmd `dhmhf`d. `ysijnyfdeoh.

khtvdh. wieo}okj. hkm hkirdpoh+ Khtvdh ifftrv

ok hssripoeh}dny 63 sdrfdk} i sh}odk}v hkm ov i}dk }`d

rh}d%noeo}okj hf}ir ir mivd }o}rh}oik+ Hn}ìtj` srhenok}omd ov

okmofh}dm ir tvd ok fiebokh}oik okvtnok. }`drd ov h bnhfa bip

zhrkokj ir }`d rova i vdwdrd `ysijnyfdeoh (tvthnny vddk

zo}òk }`rdd ìtrv/ z`dk tvdm ok fiebokh}oik zo}` okvtnok+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Hk}ofìnokdrjofv. hns`h%jntfivomhvd ok obo}irv. hkm i}`dr

edmofh}oikv }`h} hn}dr jhv}riok}dv}okhn ei}ono}y hrd ki}

rdfieedkmdm ir tvd ok fiebokh}oik zo}` heynok hji%

kov}v+ Fikftrrdk} tvd zo}` jntfivd%nizdrokj edmofh}oikv

ehy okfrdhvd }`d rova i `ysijnyfdeoh. hkm eiko}irokj ov

rdfieedkmdm z`dk tvdm ok fiebokh}oik+

Fik}rhokmofh}oikv

Heynok hjikov}v hrd fik}rhokmofh}dm ok sh}odk}v zo}` h

fikredm mohjkivov i jhv}rishrdvov hkm `ysijnyfdeohtkhzhrdkdvv+ ]rdh}edk} zo}` srhenok}omd ov ki} rdfie%

edkmdm ok }`d innizokj sh}odk}v< }ìvd zo}` H8F ;?

sdrfdk}. }ìvd zì vìz siir fiesnohkfd zo}` edmofh%

}oik hkm jntfivd eiko}irokj ir zì `hwd vdwdrd rdftrrdk}

dsovimdv i `ysijnyfdeoh. hkm sdmoh}rof sh}odk}v+

Jntfhjik%noad Sds}omd%8 Rdfds}ir Hjikov}

Okfrd}ok. ir JNS%8. ov hk dkmijdkitv ìreikd }`h} eimt%

nh}dv jnyfdeof rdvsikvd+ Jntfhjik%noad rdfds}ir hjikov}v

dk`hkfd jntfivd%mdsdkmdk} okvtnok vdfrd}oik. mdfrdhvdjntfhjik vdfrd}oik. hkm vniz jhv}rof des}yokj. rdvtn}okj

ok nizdr bniim jntfivd ndwdnv+ Mdfrdhvdv ok H8F i 3+48

sdrfdk} hrd ibvdrwdm ok sh}odk}v tvokj JNS%8 hjikov}v+

]òv fnhvv i edmofh}oikv ov okmofh}dm ir tvd ok sh}odk} zo}`

]hbnd =< Kik%Okvtnok Okldf}hbnd Hjdk}v

Mrtj Fnhvv Jdkdrof

Khed

(Brhkm/

]ysd i

Mohbd}dv

V}hr}okj Mivd Ehpoete

Mivd

Hmltv}edk} ir

Rdkhn)@dsh}of

Okvtgfodkfy

Srdjkhkfy

Fh}djiry

Heynok hjikov}v Srhenok}omd

(Vyenok/

8

2

84 efj bdird

edhnv

73 efj bdird

edhnv

73 efj bdird

edhnv

823 efj

bdird edhnv

Rdkhn< Ki

@dsh}of< Ki

F

Jntfhjik%noad

Sds}omd%8 hjikov}v

Dpdkh}omd

(Byd}}h/

Norhjnt}omd

(Wof}i|h/

2

2

4 efj }zofd

mhony

3+7 ej ikfd

mhony

83 efj }zofd

mhony bdird

edhnv

8+0 ej ikfd

mhony

Rdkhn< Ki}

rdfieedkmdm

@dsh}of< Ki

F

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] 6?


12/23

}ysd 2 mohbd}dv hv hk hmltkf} }i mod} hkm dpdrfovd+ Dpdkh%

}omd ov hnvi okmofh}dm ir tvd hv hmltkf} }`drhsy ir sh}odk}v

zo}` }ysd 2 mohbd}dv hkm okhmdxth}d jnyfdeof fik}rin zo}`

ed}gireok hkm)ir h vtngikyntrdh. hkm)ir h }òh|inomokdmoikd+

]`dvd hjdk}v ehy oesriwd jnyfdeof fik}rin bt} hrd hv%

vifoh}dm zo}` eird jhv}riok}dv}okhn vomd ddf}v }`hk i}`dr

hjdk}v+ ]`d HMH rdfieedkmv tvd ig JNS%8 hjikov}v hv hk

hmltkf} }i nodv}ynd hkm ehpoete fnokofhn ddf}owd mivdv i

ed}ireok+ Dpdkh}omd ehy rdmtfd bimy zdoj`}. bt} kdo}`dr

hjdk} `hv bddk vìzk }i oesriwd sh}odk}%irodk}dm it}%

fiedv vtf` hv fhrmoiwhvftnhr ir iwdrhnn eir}hno}y+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Dpdkh}omd (Byd}}h/ hkm norhjnt}omd (Wof}i|h/ hrd bi}` vint%

}oikv ir vtbft}hkditv okldf}oik hwhonhbnd ok etn}omivd

sdkv ir mhony tvd+ Norhjnt}omd zhv hssriwdm ir tvd

ok 2383+ H ikfd zddany okldf}oik i dpdkh}omd ov tkmdrmdwdnisedk}+ Kikd i }`dvd srimtf}v hrd hwhonhbnd hv h

jdkdrof hkm }`dy hrd fiv}ny ir sh}odk}v zo}ìt} srdvfros%

}oik okvtrhkfd+


Dpdkh}omd ov hmeokov}drdm }zofd mhony zo}òk 73 eokt}dv

bdird edhnv+ ]`d oko}ohn mivd i norhjnt}omd ov ok}dkmdm }i

rdmtfd jhv}riok}dv}okhn vyes}iev hkm midv ki} sriwomd

ddf}owd jnyfdeof fik}rin+ Norhjnt}omd vìtnm bd oko}oh}dm

ikfd mhony zo}ìt} rdjhrm }i edhnv ir }oed i mhy+ Vdwdk%}y%doj`} siv}%ehrad}okj rdsir}v i hn}drdm aomkdy tkf}oik

ok sh}odk}v }haokj dpdkh}omd `hwd sries}dm f`hkjdv }i

srdvfrobokj okireh}oik+ O} ov ki} rdfieedkmdm ok sh}odk}v

zo}` h frdh}okokd fndhrhkfd ndvv }`hk 63 eN)eok. hkm o}

vìtnm bd tvdm zo}` fht}oik ok }ìvd zo}` h frdh}okokd

fndhrhkfd ig 6343 eN)eok+ ]`d srdvfrobokj okgireh}oik

hnvi vhyv }i eiko}ir sh}odk}v fhrdtnny ir }`d mdwdnis%

edk} i aomkdy myvtkf}oik hkm dwhnth}d }`d fik}oktdm

kddm ir dpdkh}omd o aomkdy myvtkf}oik ov vtvsdf}dm

zònd tvokj }`d srimtf}+ Norhjnt}omd `hv ki} bddk dp}dk%

vowdny v}tmodm ok }`d srdvdkfd i rdkhn myvtkf}oik hkmvìtnm bd hwiomdm+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

Ok fnokofhn }rohnv. }`d eiv} fieeikny rdsir}dm hmwdrvd

dggdf}v gir JNS%8 hjikov}v zdrd mivd%rdnh}dm jhv}riok}dv%

}okhn mov}rdvv+ Iwdrhnn. ok wd fnokofhn }rohnv jhv}riok}dv}okhn

hmwdrvd ddf}v zdrd rdsir}dm ok =8 sdrfdk} i sh}odk}v

}haokj norhjnt}omd. fieshrdm zo}` 8: sdrfdk} }rdh}dm

zo}` }`d vtnikyntrdh jnoedsoromd+ Bi}` mrtjv

`hwd bddk hvvifoh}dm zo}` hft}d shkfrdh}o}ov.

hn}ìtj` }òv ov rhrd+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Sh}odk}v rdfdowokj JNS%8 hjikov}v hrd h} ok

okfrdhvdm rova i `ysijnyfdeoh z`dk hmmdm }i

}`drhsy zo}` vtnikyntrdhv. hkm fikvomdrh}oik

vìtnm bd jowdk }i rdmtfokj }`d vtnikyntrdh

mivd+ @izdwdr. ki v}hkmhrm rdfieedkmh}oikv

`hwd bddk dv}hbnov`dm h} }òv }oed+

Fik}rhokmofh}oikv

]`d tvd i norhjnt}omd ov fik}rhokmofh}dm ok sh%

}odk}v zo}` h sdrvikhn òv}iry ir heony òv}iry

i edmtnnhry }`yriom fhrfokieh. hkm ok sh}odk}v

zo}` etn}osnd dkmifrokd kdisnhvoh vykmried}ysd 2 (EDK2/+ ]`dvd rovav `hwd ki} bddk ib%

vdrwdm ok sh}odk}v }haokj dpdkh}omd+ Dpdkh}omd

ov fik}rhokmofh}dm ok sh}odk}v zo}` h `ysdrvdk%

vo}owo}y }i }`d hf}owd mrtj ir hky fiesikdk} i

}`d iretnh}oik+

Okvtnok

Fieedrfohnny hwhonhbnd okvtnok srimtf}v eoeof

}`d snhveh jntfivd rdjtnh}iry hf}oikv i dk%

mijdkitv okvtnok by v}oetnh}okj fhrbi`ymrh}ded}hbinove. hfono}h}okj }rhkvdr i jntfivd ok}i

fhrmohf hkm vadnd}hn etvfnd hkm hmosivd }ovvtd.

hkm fikwdr}okj jntfivd ok}i jnyfijdk+ Srdvfros%

}oik okvtnok ov h nod%vtv}hokokj edmofh}oik ok

}ìvd zo}` }ysd 8 mohbd}dv+ O} ov hnvi }`d }rdh}%

edk} i fìofd ir `ysdrjnyfdeof dedrjdkfodv

vtf` hv mohbd}of ad}ihfomivov ir `ysdriveinhr

`ysdrjnyfdeof v}h}dv+ Okvtnok mdfrdhvdv bniim

vtjhrv. H8F. hkm }`d rdxtdkfy i `ysdrjnyfd%

eof vyes}iev }i h jrdh}dr dp}dk} }`hk hky i}`dr

hjdk}. bt} o} `hv ki} bddk vìzk }i oesriwdfhrmoiwhvftnhr ir iwdrhnn eir}hno}y+ Z`dk tvdm ok

hmdxth}d mivdv. okvtnok fhk mdfrdhvd hky ndwdn

i dndwh}dm H8F }i. ir fnivd }i. jnyfdeof jihnv+

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv hmmokj okvtnok ir }ysd 2

sh}odk}v rdfdowokj }`d ehpoete }indrh}dm mivd

ed}gireok hkm zìvd H8F rdehokv ;0+4+ Kdzdr

hkm eird dpsdkvowd hkhnijtdv (vtf` hv hvshr}

hkm jnhrjokd/ `hwd mdeikv}rh}dm ehrjokhn. o

=3 hedrofhvS@HREHFOV]~Kiwdebdr 2383 zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd}


13/23

hky. bdkd} fieshrdm zo}` inmdr. ndvv dpsdkvowd

okvtnokv (vtf` hv rdjtnhr hkm KS@/ ok }drev ig

jnyfdeof fik}rin ir okfomdkfd i `ysijnyfdeoh+

Hwhonhbnd Srimtf}v

Okvtnokv hrd f`hrhf}dro|dm by }`dor ikvd} hkm

mtrh}oik i hf}oik+ Ok jdkdrhn. okvtnokv hrd fh}%

djiro|dm hv bintv (hmeokov}drdm sroir }i edhnv/

ir bhvhn (hmeokov}drdm ikd }i }zi }oedv mhony/ ok

kh}trd+ Bintv hkm bhvhn okvtnok ehy bd tr}`dr

fh}djiro|dm hv rhsom% ir vìr}%hf}okj hkm ok}dr%

edmoh}d% ir nikj%hf}okj. rdvsdf}owdny+ Srdeopdm

okvtnok srdshrh}oikv hrd h fiebokh}oik i bhvhn

hkm bintv okvtnok+


Ok }ìvd zo}` }ysd 8 mohbd}dv. hmeokov}rh}oik ih bhvhn)bintv okvtnok rdsnhfdedk} rdjoedk }`h}

eoeofv kh}trhn s`yvoinijof okvtnok vdfrd}oik ov

oko}oh}dm tvokj h zdoj`}%bhvdm hssrihf`+ Ok jdk%

drhn. dkmifrokinijov}v ir }ìvd zo}` hk hmwhkfdm

tkmdrv}hkmokj i okvtnok oko}oh}d }`drhsy ok }`dvd

}ysdv i sh}odk}v+ Gir sh}odk}v zo}` }ysd 2 mohbd%

}dv. h bhvhn htjedk}h}oik okvtnok rdjoedk fhk

bd hmmdm }i ed}ireok h} h v}hr}okj mivd i 83 tko}v ir 3+2

tko}v)aj hmeokov}drdm h} koj`}+ Fdr}hok sh}odk}v zonn rdxtord

}`d hmmo}oikhn bintv okvtnok }i sriwomd jnyfdeof fik}rin+

]òv mdfovoik ov ehmd bhvdm ik }`d sh}odk}v vdn%eiko}ir%

okj i bniim jntfivd whntdv hkm rdxtdkfy i `ysdrjnyfd%

eof vyes}iev+ Ehky okvtnok }o}rh}oik vf`dmtndv dpov}+ Eiv}

sh}odk}v zonn hfòdwd jnyfdeof fik}rin by }o}rh}okj hk okvtnok

mivd by }zi tko}v dwdry }`rdd mhyv tk}on bniim jntfivd

whntdv hrd fikvov}dk}ny ok }`d }hrjd} rhkjd ir `ysdrjnyfd%

eof vyes}iev rdvinwd+ ]`drd ov ki fdonokj mivd i okvtnok.

bt} rdxtdk} `ysijnyfdeoh ehy noeo} mivd }o}rh}oik+ Okvtnok

srisdr}odv hrd mdvfrobdm ok ]hbnd 4+

Hmwdrvd Dggdf}v

@ysijnyfdeoh ov }`d eiv} fieeik hmwdrvd dggdf} vddk

zo}` okvtnok tvd+ Okvtnok mivdv vìtnm ki} bd okfrdhvdm ok

}`d srdvdkfd i rdxtdk} `ysijnyfdeoh. hkm h mivd md%frdhvd ehy bd hssrisroh}d o hk tkmdrnyokj fhtvd fhkki}

bd omdk}odm hkm hmmrdvvdm+ Tsik okvtnok hmeokov}rh}oik.

ir mivd hmltv}edk}. sh}odk}v vìtnm bd dmtfh}dm }i srd%

wdk}. rdfijko|d hkm }rdh} `ysijnyfdeoh+ Okvtnok ov hvvifo%

h}dm zo}` eimdv} zdoj`} jhok. bt} }`d bdkd}v i jnyfd%

eof fik}rin i}dk it}zdoj` }`d vehnn okfrdhvd ok zdoj`}+

Nosi`ysdri}ris`y ehy rdvtn} rie rdtvd i kddmndv ir

]hbnd 4< Hwhonhbnd Okvtnok Hjdk}v

Jdkdrof Khed Brhkm Khed Ikvd} Sdha (ìtrv/ Mtrh}oik

Rhsom%Hf}okj

Hvshr}

Novsri

Jntnovokd

Kiwinij

@tehnij

Hsomrh

8463 eokt}dv 3+42+4

86

82

6=

64

6=

Vìr}%Hf}okj

Rdjtnhr

@tetnok R

Kiwinok R

6373 eokt}dv 26 67

Ok}dredmoh}d%Hf}okj

Kdt}rhn Sri}heokd @hjdmirk (KS@/

@tetnok K

Kiwinok K

2= itrv =7 082

Nikj%Hf}okj

JnhrjokdMd}deor

Nhk}tv

Ndwdeor

=4 ìtrv

6= ìtrv

Ki sdha 222=

Ts }i 2=

Fiebokh}oik Srimtf}v

Rdjtnhr hkm KS@

Novsri hkm kdt}rhn sri}heokd novsri

Hvshr} hkm kdt}rhn sri}heokd hvshr}

@tetnok :3)63

Kiwinok :3)63

@tetnok 43)43

@tehnij Eop :4)24

Kiwinij Eop :3)63

6373 eokt}dv

8463 eokt}dv

8463 eokt}dv

8+487

282

24+4

87+4

8=

8387

8480

Ts }i 2=

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] =8


14/23

rdsdh}dm okldf}oikv ok }`d vhed hrdh+ Dmtfh}d sh}odk}v

}i ri}h}d okldf}oik vo}dv h} dhf` hmeokov}rh}oik+ Dpfdv%

vowd okvtnok mivdv ehy fhtvd `ysiahndeoh+ Hn}ìtj` ki}

fikfntvowd. vied dwomdkfd vtjjdv}v okvtnok ehy fhtvd h

vehnn okfrdhvd ok fhkfdr rova+

Mrtj Ok}drhf}oikv

Okvtnok tvd si}dk}oh}dv }`d rova i `ysijnyfdeoh z`dk

fiebokdm zo}` edmofh}oikv }`h} okfrdhvd dkmijdkitv

okvtnok vdfrd}oik ir sdros`drhn t}ono|h}oik+ Tvd i okvtnok

hkm }òh|inomokdmoikdv rdvtn} ok jrdh}dr okfrdhvdv i gtom

rd}dk}oik fieshrdm }i do}`dr hjdk} hnikd+

Fik}rhokmofh}oikv

Okvtnok ov fik}rhokmofh}dm mtrokj hk hft}d dsovimd i `y%

sijnyfdeoh hkm ok }ìvd zo}` h `ysdrvdkvo}owo}y }i okvtnok

ir hky ig o}v fiesikdk}v+ @ysdrvdkvo}owo}y rdhf}oikv }i `t%ehk rdfiebokhk} okvtnok iretnh}oikv hrd rhrd hkm ifftr

ndvv i}dk }`hk zo}` sirfokd% hkm biwokd%mdrowdm okvtnok

srimtf}v. zòf` hrd ki nikjdr fieedrfohnny hwhonhbnd+

Fnivd eiko}irokj i vdrte si}hvvote ov rdfieedkmdm ok

}ìvd }haokj okvtnok zì hrd h} òj` rova ir `ysiahndeoh

(vtf` hv niis motrd}of tvd/+

Srdjkhkfy Fh}djiry

Okvtnok ov vhd hkm ddf}owd ir }`d }rdh}edk} i

mohbd}dv mtrokj srdjkhkfy hkm ov fikvomdrdm

}`d mrtj i fìofd+ Eiv} okvtnokv hrd fik%

vomdrdm srdjkhkfy fh}djiry B. zo}` md}deor.

jnhrjokd. jntnovokd. hkm Kiwinij Eop `hwokj h

rh}okj i fh}djiry F+

]RDH]EDK] HNJIRO]@E)MOVFTVVOIK

IG ]RDH]EDK] SRIJRDVVOIK

Ok 233?. }`d HMH hkm }`d Dtrisdhk Hvvi%

foh}oik ir }`d V}tmy i Mohbd}dv rdndhvdm h

fikvdkvtv v}h}dedk} zo}` rdfieedkmh}oikv

ir }`d }rdh}edk} i }ysd 2 mohbd}dv. okfntmokj

hk hnjiro}è (Gojtrd 8/+ ]`d }rdh}edk} hnji%

ro}è ov briadk mizk ok}i }odr 8 (zdnn%whnomh}dm

}`drhsodv }`h} rdsrdvdk} }`d bdv}%dv}hbnov`dmhkm eiv} ddf}owd hkm fiv}%ddf}owd }`drh%

sdt}of v}rh}djodv/ hkm }odr 2 (ndvv zdnn%whno%

mh}dm }`drhsodv }`h} ehy bd fikvomdrdm ok

fdr}hok fnokofhn vo}th}oikv/+ ]odr 8 rdfieedk%

mh}oikv fikvov} i }`d oko}oh}oik i ed}ireok

hkm nodv}ynd eimogfh}oikv ik mohjkivov.


H} mohjkivov833 ej)mN+ Hk is}oikhn jihn ig >:3ej)mN

ehy bd fikvomdrdm ok wdry òj`%rova sh}odk}v. okfntmokj

}ìvd zo}` iwdr} FWM hkm etn}osnd ir siirny fik}rinndm

rova hf}irv (vtf` hv ed}hbinof vykmried/+ Vfrddkokj

ov fikmtf}dm tvokj h hv}okj nosom srind hkm vìtnm

bd sdriredm hkkthnny ir hnn mohbd}dv sh}odk}v+ Ndvv

v}rokjdk} eiko}irokj ehy bd fikvomdrdm ok sh}odk}v zì

`hwd hfòdwdm }`dor NMN%F jihn+ ]`drhsdt}of nodv}ynd

eimofh}oikv hrd rdfieedkmdm ok hnn sh}odk}v hbiwd

jihn NMN%F+ V}h}okv hrd fikvomdrdm }`d mrtj i fìofdir }`d }rdh}edk} i myvnosomdeoh+ Ok mohbd}dv sh}odk}v

zo}` fhrmohf rova ghf}irv bt} zo}ìt} h òv}iry ig FWM.

v}h}ok }`drhsy rdmtfdm }`d rova i rv} ehlir fhrmoiwhv%

ftnhr dwdk}v rdjhrmndvv i oko}ohn NMN%F+ ]`dvd rdvtn}v

`dnsdm okire }`d HMH. zòf` rdvtn}dm ok }`d nh}dv}

rdfieedkmh}oikv }`h} v}h}okv bd fikvomdrdm okmdsdk%

mdk} i bhvdnokd nosom ndwdnv ok }ìvd iwdr }`d hjd i

=3 zo}ìt} FWM hkm ikd ir eird FWM rova ghf}irv+ Ok

sh}odk}v tkmdr =3 zo}ìt} iwdr} FWM. }`drhsdt}of nogdv}ynd

f`hkjdv (]NF/ sntv h v}h}ok hrd rdfieedkmdm z`dkNMN%F ov hbiwd jihn+ Ok sh}odk}v zo}` dv}hbnov`dm FWM

}`d rdfieedkmh}oikv hrd ndvv hebojtitv+ Ok hmmo}oik

}i hvsorok. h bd}h%bnifadr. hkm hk HFD okòbo}ir. v}h}ok

}`drhsy ov fikvomdrdm }`d v}hkmhrm i fhrd }i srdwdk} h

t}trd dwdk} hkm vìtnm bd idrdm }i hnn sh}odk}v zo}ìt}

h fik}rhokmofh}oik+

HK]OSNH]DND] ]@DRHS_

Ok srdwoitv ydhrv. }`d tvd i hvsorok ir sroehry srdwdk%

}oik ig FWM zhv rdfieedkmdm ok mohbd}dv sh}odk}v h}

okfrdhvdm rova1 mdgkdm hv iwdr =3 ydhrv inm zo}` hm%

mo}oikhn rova ghf}irv (gheony òv}iry ig FWM. veiaokj.

`ysdr}dkvoik. myvnosomdeoh. ir hnbteoktroh/+ Kdzdr

dwomdkfd xtdv}oikv }`d tvd i hvsorok ir sroehry srdwdk%

}oik+ Rdfdk}ny stbnov`dm fnokofhn }rohnv hondm }i mdeik%

v}rh}d h rdmtf}oik ok fhrmoiwhvftnhr dkmsiok}v ok mohbd}dv

sh}odk}v tvokj hvsorok ir sroehry srdwdk}oik+ Bhvdm ik

}`d rdvtn}v i }`dvd }rohnv. zòf` zdrd okfntmdm hnikj zo}`

i}`dr }rohnv ok h ed}h%hkhnyvov sdriredm by }`d HMH. }`d

rdfieedkmh}oikv rdjhrmokj hvsorok tvd ir sro%

ehry srdwdk}oik zdrd rdwovdm+ Fikvomdr rdfie%

edkmokj hvsorok ir sroehry srdwdk}oik ok edk

iwdr 43 hkm ziedk iwdr 73 zo}` h 83%ydhr FWM

rova i ;83 sdrfdk} hkm hmmo}oikhn rova hf}irv

hv mdgkdm hbiwd+ ]`d rdfieedkmdm mivd

i hvsorok ov :4 872 ej mhony+ ]`d bdkdg}v i

hvsorok tvd ir vdfikmhry srdwdk}oik hrd zdnn

dv}hbnov`dm. hkm o} vìtnm bd tvdm ok mohbd}dv

sh}odk}v zo}` h òv}iry ig FWM+ Fnisomijrdn ehy

bd tvdm ok sh}odk}v zo}` h òv}iry ig FWM hkm

hk hvsorok hnndrjy+

RD]OKISH]@_

Mohbd}of rd}okish}`y ov mdkdm hv mhehjd }i

}`d rd}okh fhvdm by nikj%}dre `ysdrjnyfdeoh+

Rd}okish}`y hdf}v bi}` }ysd 8 hkm }ysd 2sh}odk}v hkm ov tvthnny rdnh}dm }i mtrh}oik i

mohbd}dv+ Ok }`d Tko}dm V}h}dv. mohbd}of rd}o%

kish}`y ov }`d ndhmokj fhtvd i bnokmkdvv ok

hmtn}v bd}zddk }`d hjdv i 23 hkm :=+ ]`d HMH

rdfieedkmv vfrddkokj ir mohbd}dv rd}okish}`y

vìr}ny h}dr mohjkivov ir sdisnd zo}` }ysd 2

mohbd}dv. hkm zo}òk wd ydhrv i mohjkivov ir

}ysd 8 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v inmdr }`hk 83+ H monh}dm

dyd dpheokh}oik sdriredm by hk is`}`hneini%

jov} ir is}ied}rov} ov rdfieedkmdm ydhrny+Fik}rin i bniim jntfivd hkm bniim srdvvtrd

`hv bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd }`d rova i mdwdnis%

okj rd}okish}`y ok }ysd 8 hkm 2 mohbd}ofv+

KDS@RISH]@_

Mohbd}of kds`rish}`y ov }`d eiv} fieeik

fhtvd i dkm%v}hjd rdkhn movdhvd ok }`d Tko}dm

V}h}dv+ Hnbteoktroh (sri}dok ok }`d trokd/ ov tvdm

hv h ehradr gir kds`rish}`y+ Sh}odk}v zo}` }ysd

8 mohbd}dv ok jdkdrhn. hkm sh}odk}v zo}` }ysd 2

zo}` eofrihnbteoktroh (vehnn heitk}v i sri}dokok }`d trokd/. hrd h} okfrdhvdm rova ir movdhvd

srijrdvvoik hkm ehfrihnbteoktroh (nhrjd

heitk}v i sri}dok ok }`d trokd/. hv zdnn hv }`d

mdwdnisedk} i tneokh}d aomkdy movdhvd+ Rova

hf}irv ir mohbd}of kds`rish}`y okfntmd ysdr%

}dkvoik. siir jntfivd fik}rin. hkm eofrihnbt%

eoktroh+ H mohjkivov i eofrihnbteoktroh ehy

bd h ehradr ir okfrdhvdm eir}hno}y hkm t}trd

== hedrofhvS@HREHFOV]~Kiwdebdr 2383 zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd}


17/23

kds`rish}`y+ ]`d srddrrdm ed}ìm ir vfrddk%

okj ov h trokd hnbteok%}i%frdh}okokd rh}oi woh h

rhkmie vsi} finndf}oik+ Mdjrddv i hnbteok%

trdh hrd mdkdm hv innizv< eofrihnbteoktroh

632?? j)en hkm ehfrihnbteoktroh 633 j)

en+ Oko}ohn vfrddkokj ir }ysd 8 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v

ov rdfieedkmdm zo}òk wd ydhrv i mohjkivov+

Gir }ìvd zo}` }ysd 2 mohbd}dv. oko}ohn

vfrddkokj vìtnm ifftr h} mohjkivov+ Eiko%

}irokj ov rdfieedkmdm ydhrny }`drdh}dr+

]`d sroehry ok}drwdk}oik ir srdwdk}oik hkm

srijrdvvoik i kds`rish}`y ov bniim srdvvtrd

hkm bniim jntfivd fik}rin+ ]rdh}edk} v}rh}d%

jodv }i srdwdk} zirvdkokj i kds`rish}`y

modr bhvdm ik }ysd i mohbd}dv hkm mdjrdd

i hnbteoktroh+ Bi}` HFD okòbo}irv hkm HRBv

`hwd bddk vìzk }i vniz }`d srijrdvvoik ihnbteoktroh ok }ysd 2 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v zo}`

miftedk}dm eofrihnbteoktroh+ Rdmtf}oik ok

iwdrhnn eir}hno}y `hv bddk vddk zo}` }`d tvd

i HFD okòbo}irv. z`drdhv }`drd ov noeo}dm

dwomdkfd vtjjdv}okj h rdmtf}oik ok eir}hno}y

zo}` HRB }`drhsy+ Hffirmokj }i }`d HMH. HFD

okòbo}irv ir HRBv ehy bd fikvomdrdm ir tvd

ok }ysd 2 sh}odk}v zo}` eofrihnbteoktroh+ ]`d

}rdh}edk} i fìofd ir ehfrihnbteoktroh ok

}ysd 2 mohbd}dv ov hk HRB. hv }`dy `hwd bddkvìzk }i rdmtfd rova ir dkm%v}hjd rdkhn mov%

dhvd ok }òv sistnh}oik+

]`d hwirdm hjdk}v ok }ìvd zo}` }ysd

8 mohbd}dv zo}` hky mdjrdd i hnbteoktroh

hrd HFD okòbo}irv+ ]`d fiebokh}oik i HFD

okòbo}irv hkm HRBv `hv bddk vìzk }i

rdmtfd srijrdvvoik }i hnbteoktrdh ok fdr}hok

sh}odk}v. bt} }`drd ov ki mh}h }i vtssir} nikj%

}dre rdmtf}oik ok rdkhn hkm fhrmoiwhvftnhr

dwdk}v+ O fiebokh}oik }`drhsy ov fikvomdrdm.

fnivd eiko}irokj ov rdxtordm mtd }i okfrdhvdmrova i `ysdrahndeoh+

SDROS@DRHN KDTRISH]@_

Kdrwd mhehjd ov h fiesnofh}oik i bi}` }ysd 8

hkm }ysd 2 mohbd}dv ednno}tv+ ]`drd hrd vdwdrhn

modrdk} }ysdv i mohbd}of kdtrish}òdv+ ]`d

eiv} rdxtdk} kdtrish}`y ov vyeed}rof mov}hn

sinykdtrish}`y (MSK/. fieeikny rdgdrrdm }i

hvsdros`drhn kdtrish}`y+ Sdros`drhn kdtrish}`y srdvdk}v

hv shok. ktebkdvv. hkm }okjnokj ok }`d dp}rdeo}odv. eiv}

fieeikny ok }`d ndjv. dd}. hkm }idv+ Okfomdkfd ov }ìtj`}

}i okfrdhvd zo}` mtrh}oik i mohbd}dv+ Dmtfh}oik hbit}

srisdr ii} fhrd hkm hvvdvvedk} i vdkvh}oik fhk rd%

mtfd rova ir }`d mdwdnisedk} i mohbd}of ii} tnfdrv+ ]`d

HMH rdfieedkmv hkkthn }dv}okj ir nivv i sri}df}owd

vdkvh}oik (NISV/ tvokj h 83 j eikinhedk}. sntv }dv}okj

hky ikd ig }`d ginnizokj< wobrh}oik tvokj h 820%`dr}| (@|/

}tkokj ira. soksrofa vdkvh}oik. hkand rdgdpdv. ir wobrh}oik

sdrfds}oik }`rdvìnm+ Sh}odk}v vìtnm bd dmtfh}dm ik

srisdr ii} fhrd hkm okv}rtf}dm }i dpheokd }`dor dd} mhony

ir virdv. ft}v. hkm mrykdvv+ H fiesrd`dkvowd ii} dphe

vìtnm bd sdriredm hkkthnny by h `dhn}` fhrd sriwomdr.

}i okfntmd hvvdvvedk} i vdkvh}oik hv mdvfrobdm hbiwd.

sdmhn stnvdv. hkm wovthn okvsdf}oik+ H wovthn okvsdf}oik ov

rdfieedkmdm h} dwdry inniz%ts wovo}+ Hfòdwokj jnyfd%eof fik}rin ov fikvomdrdm h rv}%nokd srdwdk}owd edhvtrd+

Edmofh}oikv ehy bd tvdm }i sriwomd vyes}ieh}of shok

rdnod+ ]`dvd okfntmd heo}ros}ynokd. kir}ros}ynokd. oeosrh%

eokd. jhbhsdk}ok. fhrbheh|dsokd. srdjhbhnok. mtnip%

d}okd. isoiomv. kikv}driomhn hk}o okgheeh}iry hjdk}v. hkm

fhsvhofok frdhe+

WHFFOKH]OIKV

Sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv hrd eird vtvfds}obnd }i okgdf}oikv

hkm vìtnm bd dmtfh}dm hbit} }`d oesir}hkfd i v}hy%okj ts%}i%mh}d zo}` }`d rdfieedkmdm whffokh}oikv+ ]`d

HMH hkm Fdk}drv ir Movdhvd Fik}rin (FMF/ vsdfofhnny

rdfieedkm }`h} sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv rdfdowd vdhvikhn

okgtdk|h hkm skdteififfhn whffokh}oikv. hv okgtdk|h

hkm skdteikoh hrd hvvifoh}dm zo}` hk okfrdhvdm rova

i eirbomo}y hkm eir}hno}y ok }`d dnmdrny hkm sh}odk}v

zo}` fdr}hok fieirbomo}odv okfntmokj mohbd}dv+ H ydhrny

vdhvikhn okgtdk|h whffokh}oik v}hr}okj ok Vds}debdr ov

rdfieedkmdm ir hnn mohbd}dv sh}odk}v hjd 7 eik}`v

hkm inmdr+ ]`d skdteififfhn whffokh}oik ov hnvi rdfie%

edkmdm ir hnn sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv hjd 2 ydhrv hkminmdr+ ]`d skdteififfhn whffokh}oik vìtnm bd hmeok%

ov}drdm ik mohjkivov+ H vdfikm whffokh}oik ov rdfie%

edkmdm ok sh}odk}v hjd 74 hkm inmdr o eird }`hk wd

ydhrv `hwd shvvdm vokfd }`dor nhv} whffokh}oik+

VEIAOKJ FDVVH]OIK

]`d `dhn}` rovav i fojhrd}}d veiaokj hkm okfrdhvdm rova i

eirbomo}y hkm eir}hno}y ir sh}odk}v zì fìivd }i veiad

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] =4


18/23

hrd zdnn akizk+ Hnn sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv vìtnm bd fitk%

vdndm ik }`d bdkd}v i veiaokj fdvvh}oik hkm hmwovdm }i

xto}+ ]`drd hrd vdwdrhn }`drhsdt}of is}oikv hwhonhbnd }i hv%

vov} ok veiaokj fdvvh}oik. okfntmokj kofi}okd rdsnhfdedk}

}`drhsy. btsrisoik (\ybhk VR/. hkm whrdkofnokd (F`hk}op/+

]`d ddf}owdkdvv i }`dvd fieeikny tvdm edmofh}oikv

hssdhrv voeonhr+ ]`d tvd i edmofh}oik }i hvvov} zo}`

veiaokj fdvvh}oik. }`drdird. vìtnm bd fìvdk bhvdm

ik okmowomthn srddrdkfdv hkm si}dk}ohn fik}rhokmofh}oikv

}i }`drhsy+ ]`d bdkd}v i veiaokj fdvvh}oik fitkvdnokjok fiebokh}oik zo}` s`hrehfinijof }`drhsy hrd jrdh}dr

}`hk do}`dr srhf}ofd hnikd+ Fitkvdnokj sriwomdm by }rhokdm

fieetko}y s`hrehfov}v `hv bddk vìzk }i okfrdhvd h

sh}odk}v noadnoìim i xto}}okj+

HFT]D FIESNOFH]OIKV

@ysijnyfdeoh ov h rova gir hnn sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv }ha%

okj edmofh}oikv }`h} ehy srdmovsivd }`de }i niz bniim

jntfivd (vtf` hv okvtnok hkm vtnikyntrdhv/+ Fnokofhn

mohjkivov i `ysijnyfdeoh ov mdgkdm hv h bniim jntfivd

ig >43 ej)mN+ @izdwdr }`d HMH rdfieedkmv }rdh}edk}

z`dk bniim jntfivd ov >:3 ej)mN+ Fieeik vojkv hkm

vyes}iev i `ysijnyfdeoh okfntmd h}ojtd. v`haokdvv.

vzdh}okj. `dhmhf`d. `tkjdr. hkm fikgtvoik+ Sh}odk}v zo}`

dndwh}dm bniim jntfivd ndwdnv ehy dpsdrodkfd `ysijnyfd%

eof vyes}iev zo}ìt} `hwokj h bniim jntfivd ig >:3ej)

mN hv }`dor bniim jntfivd ov bdokj rdmtfdm }i kdhr%kirehn

ir kirehn rhkjdv+ Sh}odk}v dpsdrodkfokj `ysijnyfd%

eof vyes}iev vìtnm bd hmwovdm }i f`dfa gkjdr%v}ofa

]hbnd :< Mohbd}dv Tsmh}d 2383

H8F kdzny dkmirvdm hv h mohjkiv}of }dv}

Dv}oeh}dm hwdrhjd jntfivd kiz rdfieedkmdm ok fik%

ltkf}oik zo}` H8F eiko}irokj

Kdz dwomdkfd vtjjdv}v H8F fnivd }i :$ ov hffds}hbnd

ir eiv} sh}odk}v (HFFIRM }rohn/

Kdz Hk}omohbd}of Hjdk}v

h/ Ikjny|h (vhphjnos}ok/< Kdz MSS%= okòbo}ir

b/ Fyfnivd} (brieifros}okd edvynh}d/:3 ej)mN. vìtnm

fikvted 8423 j i jntfivd ir fhrbi`ymrh}d

(dxthn }i }`rdd jntfivd }hbnd}v ir itr itkfdv

ig irhkjd ltofd/+ Sh}odk}v vìtnm bd okv}rtf}dm

}i f`dfa gkjdr%v}ofa bniim jntfivd hjhok ok 84

eokt}dv }i dkvtrd rdvint}oik i `ysijnyfdeoh+

]òv ok}drwdk}oik ehy bd rdsdh}dm hv kddmdm o

oko}ohn vyes}iev mi ki} rdvinwd ir bniim jntfivd

midv ki} rovd hbiwd :3 ej)mN+ Ikfd hbiwd

bniim jntfivd ov ;:3 ej)mN. vtjjdv} dh}okj

h vehnn vkhfa }i ehok}hok dtjnyfdeoh+ Gir h

fikvfoitv sh}odk} dpsdrodkfokj h `ysijnyfdeof

dsovimdv zo}` h bniim jntfivd ig >43 ej)mN.

63 jrhev i fhrbi`ymrh}d ir jntfivd fikvtes%

}oik ov rdfieedkmdm+ Ok tkfikvfoitv sh}odk}v.

h jntfhjik ao} vìtnm bd t}ono|dm hkm dedrjdkfy

ehkhjdedk} vdrwofdv hf}owh}dm+Mohbd}of ad}ihfomivov (MAH/ hkm `ysdriv%

einhr `ysdrjnyfdeof v}h}d (@@V/ hrd si}dk}ohnny

h}hn fikmo}oikv }`h} ifftr ok mohbd}dv sh}odk}v

zo}` dndwh}dm bniim jntfivd+ ]`dy hrd bi}`

fikvomdrdm edmofhn dedrjdkfodv. hkm sh}odk}v

vìtnm rdfdowd oksh}odk} }rdh}edk}+ Mohbd}of

ad}ihfomivov ov fhtvdm by okvtnok mdgfodkfy

hkm ov eiv} fieeik ok yitkj }ysd8 mohbd}dv

sh}odk}v+ @izdwdr. o} fhk ifftr ok hmtn} }ysd 8

sh}odk}v hkm }ysd 2 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v+ ]`d eiv}fieeik fhtvdv i MAH hrd hnfiìn hbtvd.

okdf}oik. hkm kikfiesnohkfd zo}` }rdh}edk}+

Vojkv hkm vyes}iev ig MAH okfntmd grto}y)

hfd}ikd brdh}`. khtvdh. wieo}okj. md`ymrh}oik.

sinymosvoh. sinytroh. hkm rhsom brdh}òkj+ @ysdr%

iveinhr `ysdrjnyfdeof v}h}dv ifftr sroehrony ok

inmdr }ysd 2 sh}odk}v hkm rdvtn} rie dp}rdedny

dndwh}dm jntfivd hkm md`ymrh}oik. zòf`

okfrdhvd snhveh iveinhno}y hkm hn}drdm edk}hn

v}h}tv+ H `ysdriveinhr `ysdrjnyfdeof v}h}d ov

tvthnny ki} hvvifoh}dm zo}` ad}ihfomivov+ Vojkv

hkm vyes}iev ig @@V okfntmd zdhakdvv. wovthn

mov}trbhkfd. hkm ndj frhesv+ Khtvdh. wieo}okj.

nd}`hrjy. fiktvoik. `deoshrdvov. vdo|trdv. hkm

fieh hrd ndvv fieeik vyes}iev ig @@V+ Gir%

}tkh}dny. sh}odk}v rhrdny srdvdk} zo}` }`dvd hft}d

fikmo}oikv ok }`d fieetko}y s`hrehfy+ @iz%

dwdr. o} ov oesir}hk} ir s`hrehfov}v }i rdfijko|d

}`d vojkv hkm vyes}iev ig MAH hkm @@V }i



19/23

hkm ok }`d dwdkokj bdgird mokkdr (223273 ej)mN/+

SE@< ]ysd 2 mohbd}dv

@ysdr}dkvoik (mohjkivdm }zi ydhrv hji/

Iv}disirivov

Edmofh}oikv< Novokisron 83 ej mhony

Rovdmrikh}d 64 ej ikfd zddany

Iv%Fhn 433 ! Dp}rh M 8 }hbnd} }zofd mhony

Ed}ireok 433 ej mhony ir vdwdk mhyv.

}`dk BOM (kdz zo}` }imhyv srdvfros}oik/

Hnndrjodv< Vtnh (òwdv hkm moftn}y brdh}òkj/

Gheony @ov}iry< Ei}`dr (70/ `hv }ysd 2 mohbd}dv

Gh}`dr (:3/ `hv F@G

Vifohn @ov}iry< Veiadv 8 shfa sdr mhy

Mdkodv hnfiìn

Fhdokd< 82 bdwdrhjdv sdr mhy

Zdoj`}< 803 nbv+

@doj`}< 46

Bniim Srdvvtrd< h} s`yvofohkv igfd }imhy zhv 823):2

Mod}< @hv ft} it} vtjhr hkm ov zh}fòkj fhr%

bi`ymrh}d ok}had

Dpdrfovd< @hv v}hr}dm zhnaokj }`rdd mhyv sdr zdda

ir hbit} 84 eokt}dv

Grheokj`he rova< ?$

Z`h} oesir}hk} ed}gireok fitkvdnokj siok}v zitnm yit

rdwodz `dr z`dk v}hr}okj }`drhsy9Ed}ireok }`drhsy ov fikvomdrdm rv}%nokd bdfhtvd o}

sriwomdv h vojkofhk} rdmtf}oik ok bniim jntfivd+ Eird

oesir}hk}ny. o} `hv bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd }`d rova i

srdeh}trd mdh}` hkm i}`dr mohbd}dv%rdnh}dm dkmsiok}v

ok sh}odk}v vtf` hv `dr+ ]`d eiv} fieeik vomd ddf}v

rie ed}ireok }`drhsy hrd jhv}riok}dv}okhn ok kh}trd1

}`dy tvthnny hrd vddk h} }`d bdjokkokj i }`drhsy ir h}dr

h mivd okfrdhvd. hkm }`dy vtbvomd h}dr h dz zddav i

}`drhsy+ Sh}odk}v vìtnm bd okv}rtf}dm }i }had zo}` giim

}i eokoeo|d }`dvd ddf}v+ Nhf}of hfomivov ov hk dp}rdedny

rhrd yd} si}dk}ohnny vdwdrd vomd dggdf} ig }`drhsy+ Sh%

}odk}v vìtnm bd fitkvdndm }i vdn%eiko}ir ir vyes}iev

i nhf}of hfomivov (`ysdrwdk}onh}oik. eyhnjoh. ehnhovd.

tktvthn viekindkfd/ hkm ki}oy h `dhn}` fhrd sriwomdr o

}`dvd vyes}iev ifftr+ Aomkdy tkf}oik zonn bd eiko}irdm

by }`dor s`yvofohk zònd ik }òv edmofh}oik+ Sh}odk}v ehy

bdjok }i vdd h mdfrdhvd ok }`dor GVBJ hv viik hv }zi

Fik}oktdm ik shjd 60

}rohjd hkm rddr sh}odk}v ir srisdr edmofhn h}%

}dk}oik ok }`d dwdk} h sh}odk} midv srdvdk} zo}`

}`d mdvfrobdm vyes}iev+

FIKFNTVOIK

]`d ktebdr i sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv ok }`d

Tko}dm V}h}dv ov srildf}dm }i jriz vojkofhk}ny

iwdr }`d kdp} mdfhmd+ Jowdk }`d nhrjd ktebdr

i sh}odk}v ftrrdk}ny zo}` mohjkivdm mohbd}dv.

}`drd ov h vojkofhk} issir}tko}y ir }`d fieet%

ko}y s`hrehfov} }i snhy h sowi}hn rind ok mohbd}dv

fhrd+ ]`d srijrdvvowd. etn}ohf}irohn kh}trd i

}`d movdhvd rdxtordv fik}robt}oikv rie whro%

itv edebdrv i }`d `dhn}` fhrd }dhe+ Zo}` }`d

v}rikj vtssir}okj dwomdkfd ir MVED. s`hr%

ehfov}v fhk kiz rdfdowd rdoebtrvdedk} ir }`d

}oed vsdk} fitkvdnokj sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv+Hv }`d rind i }`d s`hrehfov} fik}oktdv }i srij%

rdvv. fieetko}y s`hrehfy zonn snhy hk ok}djrhn

rind ok }`d fhrd i mohbd}dv sh}odk}v+

Aoebdrny Gdrdkfd. S`hreM. ov hk hvvov}hk} srigdvvir h} }`d

Zonadv Tkowdrvo}y Finndjd ig S`hrehfy hkm Ktrvokj+

FHVD V]TM_ 8HLM ov =4%ydhr%inm Fhtfhvohk dehnd zì fiedv

}i yitr s`hrehfy fitk}dr zo}` h kdz srdvfros%

}oik ir ed}ireok+ V`d zitnm hnvi noad hvvov%

}hkfd zo}` sofaokj hk hvsorok srimtf}+ @dr grodkm.

zì hnvi `hv mohbd}dv. }inm `dr }i }had hvsorok

mhony. bt} v`d midv ki} akiz z`h} srimtf} }i

strf`hvd+ V`d hnvi vhz h vojk ok }`d zokmiz

v}h}okj }`h} }`d s`hrehfy idrv mohbd}dv dmtfh%

}oik vdvvoikv hkm v`d zitnm noad }i vf`dmtnd hk

hssiok}edk}+

@SO< Sh}odk} zhv mohjkivdm zo}` }ysd 2 mohbd}dv

ikd eik}` hji hkm zhv okv}rtf}dm }i oko}oh}d

nodv}ynd eimofh}oikv+ H}dr hk hssiok}edk} zo}`

`dr s`yvofohk }imhy. v`d zhv v}hr}dm ik ed}ir%

eok }`drhsy+ V`d mdkodv sinys`hjoh hkm bntrrdm

wovoik hkm hmeo}v }i dpsdrodkfokj sinymosvoh

hkm sinytroh iffhvoikhnny+ V`d f`dfav dr GVBJ

ok }`d eirkokj bdgird dh}okj (2332=3 ej)mN/

zzz+hedrofhvs`hrehfov}+kd} Kiwdebdr 2383 ~hedrofhvS@HREHFOV] =:


20/23

FHVD V]TM_ 8B

LM rd}trkv }i yitr s`hrehfy. }`rdd eik}`v

h}dr `dr oko}ohn wovo}. zo}` h srdvfros}oik ir

ed}ireok 8.333 ej }zofd mhony+ Tkmdr }`d

mordf}oik i `dr s`yvofohk. v`d `hv bddk }haokj

ed}ireok 433 ej }zi }hbnd}v }zofd mhony ir

}`d shv} vop zddav hkm `hv ki} dpsdrodkfdm

hky vomd ddf}v+ V`d v}h}dv }`h} `dr GVBJ

hrd ki} xto}d z`drd }`dy vìtnm bd hkm }`h}

`dr mif}ir ov fikvomdrokj hmmokj okvtnok }i `dr

rdjoedk o }`d kdz mivd i ed}ireok midv

ki} zira+ V`d v}h}dv }`h} v`d ov ki} rdhmy irokvtnok hkm hvav o yit akiz hky}òkj hbit}

}`d }zi kdz mohbd}dv edmofh}oikv }`h} v`d

vhz ik }dndwovoik. Ikjny|h hkm Wof}i|h+ V`d

zhk}v }i akiz o }`dvd edmofh}oikv fhk bd

tvdm okv}dhm i okvtnok+ Tsik tr}`dr xtdv}oik%

okj. yit tkfiwdr }`h} v`d ov issivdm }i tvokj

okvtnok mtd }i dhr hkm }`d hvvifoh}oik zo}` `dr

ei}`drv zirvdkokj mohbd}dv+ @dr ei}`dr zhv

zddav h}dr v}hr}okj. hkm }`dy fhk hnvi }dnn }`d edmofh}oik

ov ziraokj o }`dor vyes}iev i `ysdrjnyfdeoh mdfrdhvd ok

grdxtdkfy)vdwdro}y+

H} }òv }oed. zitnm yit rdfieedkm hvsorok ok LM9 Og vi.

z`h} mivd zitnm yit rdfieedkm9

]òv sh}odk} midv ki} edd} }`d fro}droh ir hvsorok }`drhsy

ir sroehry srdwdk}oik hv vd} by }`d HMH+ V`d ov ki}

eird }`hk 73 ydhrv inm hkm `dr Grheokj`he 83%ydhr

F@M rova ov tkmdr 83 sdrfdk}+ @izdwdr. v`d midv `hwd

rova hf}irv vtf` hv veiaokj hkm `ysdr}dkvoik+ ]`dvd

rova hf}irv vìtnm bd hmmrdvvdm hv shr} i h fiesrd%

`dkvowd fhrd snhk+ _it vìtnm fikvomdr rdhvvdvvokj

}`d sh}odk}v F@M rova ikfd }`d sh}odk} ov iwdr 73 ydhrv

inm hkm rdfieedkm hvsorok h} }`h} }oed o hssrisroh}d+

Mivdv ig 08 ej mhony `hwd bddk vìzk dggdf}owd ok sri%womokj fhrmoisri}df}oik+

Z`h} fiesnofh}oik dmtfh}oik hkm vfrddkokj zitnm yit

rdfieedkm h} }òv }oed9

Bniim srdvvtrd vfrddkokj ov rdfieedkmdm h} dwdry i%

fd wovo}+ Sh}odk} `hv `ysdr}dkvoik hkm ov h} jihn bniim

srdvvtrd (hffirmokj }i rdhmokj ok igfd }imhy/ i tkmdr

863)03 ee@j+ Rdfieedkm fik}oktitv hvvdvvedk} }i

dkvtrd jihnv hrd bdokj ed} hkm }`d }rdh}edk} rdjoedk ov

hssrisroh}d+

Myvnosomdeoh

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv vfrddkokj zo}` h hv}okj nosisri}dok

srind ik mohjkivov+ Ok }òv sh}odk}. }`drhsy zo}` h v}h}ok

ehy bd fikvomdrdm okmdsdkmdk} i bhvdnokd nosom ndwdnv. hv

v`d ov iwdr =3 ydhrv inm zo}ìt} FWM hkm ikd ir eird FWM

rova hf}irv (veiaokj. `ysdr}dkvoik/+

Rd}okish}`y

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv vfrddkokj ir mohbd}of rd}okish%

}`y vìr}ny h}dr mohjkivov ir }ysd 2 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v+ H

monh}dm dyd dpheokh}oik ov rdfieedkmdm ydhrny+

Kds`rish}`y

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv oko}ohn vfrddkokj ir kds`rish}`y

vìr}ny h}dr mohjkivov ir }ysd 2 mohbd}dv sh}odk}v. tvokj h

trokd hnbteok%}i%frdh}okokd rh}oi woh h rhkmie vsi} finndf%

}oik+ Eiko}irokj ov rdfieedkmdm hkkthnny }`drdh}dr+

Gii} Dphe

]`d HMH rdfieedkmv fiesrd`dkvowd ii}

dphev hkkthnny. zòf` okfntmd hvvdvvedk} i

vdkvh}oik. sdmhn stnvdv. hkm wovthn okvsdf}oik+

H wovthn okvsdf}oik ov rdfieedkmdm h} dwdry

inniz%ts wovo}+ Dmtfh}oik hbit} srisdr ii} fhrd

ov hnvi rdfieedkmdm+

Veiaokj Fdvvh}oik

LM vìtnm bd hmwovdm hbit} }`d bdkd}v i

veiaokj fdvvh}oik hkm hmwovdm }i xto}+ Veia%

okj fdvvh}oik fitkvdnokj ok fiebokh}oik zo}`

s`hrehfinijof }`drhsy ehy bd i bdkd} ok }òv

sh}odk}+

Whffokh}oikv

]`d HMH hkm FMF rdfieedkm idrokj skdt%eififfhn hkm vdhvikhn okgtdk|h whffokdv }i

hnn mohbd}dv sh}odk}v zo}ìt} h fik}rhokmofh%

}oik+ Hv o} ov ftrrdk}ny gt vdhvik. }`d sh}odk} ov

mtd ir `dr hkkthn okgtdk|h whffokh}oik+ ]`d

sh}odk} vìtnm hnvi bd hmwovdm }i rdfdowd h

skdteififfhn whffokh}oik o o} `hv ki} bddk

hmeokov}drdm ok }`d shv}+



21/23

FIK]OKTOKJ DMTFH]OIK XTO\

Vdndf} }`d firrdf} hkvzdr+

8+ Hk hbvint}d okvtnok mdfodkfy hrovokj rie bd}h fdnn

mdv}rtf}oik bdv} mdvfrobdv zòf` }ysd i mohbd}dv9

h+ ]ysd 8

b+ ]ysd 2

f+ Jdv}h}oikhn

m+ Srdmohbd}dv

2+ Zòf` i }`d innizokj sh}odk}v zitnm bdkd} eiv}

rie h mohbd}dv vfrddkokj9

h+ H ==%ydhr%inm ziehk zo}` ki rova hf}irv

b+ Hk iwdrzdoj`} =3%ydhr%inm ehnd zo}` ki i}`dr rova

hf}irv

f+ Hk ibdvd 64%ydhr%inm Hrofhk Hedrofhk dehnd

m+ H 60%ydhr%inm gdehnd zo}` h òv}iry ig jdv}h}oikhnmohbd}dv hkm h BEO i 26

6+ Hffirmokj }i }`d HMH. zòf` i }`d innizokj nhb whn%

tdv ov fikvomdrdm mohjkiv}of ir mohbd}dv o fikredm

by h vdfikm rdhmokj ik h vtbvdxtdk} mhy9

h+ Irhn jntfivd }indrhkfd }dv} (}zi ìtrv siv}srhkmohn/

803 ej)mN

b+ Ghv}okj snhveh jntfivd 883 ej)mN

f+ Dv}oeh}dm hwdrhjd jntfivd 827 ej)mN

m+ @deijnibok H8F

7+4 sdrfdk}

=+ ]`d HMH rdfieedkmv h jihn }zi%ìtr siv}srhkmohn

snhveh jntfivd i ndvv }`hk823)03

b+ >863)03

f+ >863)04

m+ 8=3)?3

8:+ Bhvdm ik rdfdk} dwomdkfd. zòf` i }`d in%

nizokj mohbd}dv sh}odk}v ov eiv} noadny }i bdkd}

rie }`d tvd i hvsorok }i rdmtfd }`d rova i

fhrmoiwhvftnhr movdhvd9

h+ H 63%ydhr%inm ehnd zo}` `ysdr}dkvoik hkm h

83%ydhr F@M rova ig 0 sdrfdk}

b+ H =3%ydhr%inm dehnd zo}` `ysdrnosomdeoh hkm

h 83%ydhr F@M rova ig 4 sdrfdk}

f+ H 43%ydhr%inm ehnd veiadr zo}` h 83%ydhrF@M rova ig 88 sdrfdk}

m+ H 43%ydhr%inm dehnd veiadr zo}` h 83%ydhr

F@M rova ig 0 sdrfdk}

80+ Zòf` i }`d innizokj ok}drwdk}oikv `hv

KI] bddk vìzk }i rdmtfd }`d rova i zirvdk%

okj kds`rish}`y ok sh}odk}v zo}` mohbd}dv9

h+ Tvd i hk HFD okòbo}ir

b+ Tvd i h bd}h%bnifadr

f+ Fik}rin i bniim srdvvtrdm+ Fik}rin i bniim jntfivd

8?+ ]`d HMH rdfieedkmv hkkthn vfrddkokj

ir hnn i }`d innizokj mohbd}dv fiesnofh}oikv

DPFDS]

the community pharmacist's role in diabetes treatment

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