the common origin of gravity dark energy and matter erik verlinde university of amsterdam
DESCRIPTION
CERN Colloquium , 28/04/11. THE COMMON ORIGIN OF GRAVITY DARK ENERGY AND MATTER Erik Verlinde University of Amsterdam. Matter and Forces. Current Paradigm. FUNDAMENTAL FORCES: carried by elementary particles . We may need to reconsider our current paradigms theory & observation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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THE COMMON ORIGIN OF GRAVITYDARK ENERGY AND MATTER
Erik Verlinde
University of Amsterdam
CERN Colloquium , 28/04/11
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Matter and Forces
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Current Paradigm
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES: carried by elementary particles
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We may need to reconsider our current
paradigms
theory & observation
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96% of the Energy in our Universe is not understood!
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String Theory
FUNDAMENTAL FORCES: carried by vibrating strings
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D-branes
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EMERGENCEWe use concepts and observe phenomena at a macroscopic scale, which are derived from a microscopic scale where they have no a priori meaning
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Open/closed stringor
gauge theory/gravity duality
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Black Holes
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Black Holes
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mBlack HoleHorizon
Consider a particle graduallylowered into a black hole. Classically, the energy associated with the particle gets redshifted, and vanishes when the particle is at the horizon.
Bekenstein
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mBlack HoleHorizon
Now take a gas of particleslowered in to a black hole. What happens to the entropy?
BekensteinHawking
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Black Hole Entropy
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Hawking Temperature
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Unruh Temperature
in accelerated frame
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Holographic principle
The information associatedwith a certain part of spacemay be (heuristically ) represented as bits on the surface surrounding it.
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ADS/CFT CORRESPONDENCE
EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN FIELD THEORY ON THE “BOUNDARY” AND GRAVITY IN THE “BULK”
ONE SPACE DIMENSION EMERGES CORRESPONDING TO THE “SCALE” OF THE BOUNDARY THEORY. RADIAL EVOLUTION IS LIKE RENORMALIZATION GROUP FLOW.
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Black Hole
In AdS
space
Bulk description
Thermal Heat Bath
Delocalized state gets thermalized by heath bath
Boundary description:
Particle gets lowered in to black hole
Hot CFT
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Entropic force (wikipedia)
An entropic force is a macroscopic force whose
properties are determined not by the character of an underlying
microscopic force, but by the whole system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy.
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Warmtebad
Polymeer
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Warmtebad
Polymeer
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Polymer
EntropicForce
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Gravity as an Emergent Force
At a fundamental scale our notions of space and time and matter cease to exist: they are derived concepts.
In describing Nature in terms of space-time and
matter, we ignore many degrees of freedom. Gravity arises because the amount of phase space
(information) available for these degrees of freedom is influenced by the location of matter in space and time.
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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A HEURISTIC ARGUMENT
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This is heuristic, so far…
It is bit of a “swindle”but it catches the essence.
It should be seen as a metaphore. But of what?
• Why does it work? • What is the meaning of the temperature?• What is the nature of this information?• Why is it stored on screens? Can this be derived?• Why is gravity attractive? • What about the other forces? • Are there observable consequences?
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Holographic screens at equipotential
(= equal redshift) surfaces
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The phase space can be described by counting the ways in which the energy can be distributed over the cells on the boundary
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Adiabatic principle:
When a fast dynamical system is driven by a slow system the fast reacts back on the slow and creates a reaction force.
When the time scales are widely separated the force is determined by the principle that the phase space volume is preserved.
In quantum mechanics this is a consequence of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
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MicroscopicFast
Variables
Born-Oppenheimer & Entropic Force
MacroscopicSlow Variables
The system stays in an energy eigenstate of the fast variables( adiabatic theorem).
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Adiabatic Reaction Force
Assuming eigenvalues don’t cross, the force follows from an adiabatic argument
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Degenerate Fermions
GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE:
What happens to the phase space occupied by the fermions?What about the fermi statistics?
NEUTRON STAR
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Statistics operation: discrete
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Statistics operation: why not continuous?
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Positions get ambiguous
Coordinates turn into matrices
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At horizons space and time dissappear.
At horizons the separation oftime scales between the eigenvalues and the “off diagonal modes”breaks down and the coordinatesbecome non commuting matrices.
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GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE:
What happens to the phase space occupied by the fermions?
Answer: It goes into the off diagonal phase phase. Not of gravity!
After collapse one can no longer integrate out the off diagonal modes!!
Eigenvalues and off diagonal modes equilibrate and together form “black hole stuff”.
Degenerate Fermions
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Black HoleHorizon
Thought experiment
Entropic force
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Why do we need to reconsider the origin of gravity and change our current paradigms?
96% of our Universe is not understood!
Our current paradigms ignore a lot of information (phase space). .
What went wrong?
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m
CosmologicalHorizon
De Sitter Space
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These ideas can be applied to our universe
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Dark Energy
Matter
Dar
k En
ergy
Dark energy and matter are made of the same stuff
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At horizons space and time dissappear.
Dark Energy
Dar
k Matter
MatterD
ark
Ener
gy
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Dark Energy and Dark Matter
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Clusters
Galaxies
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Flattening of rotation curves
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Flattening of rotation curves
a0= 1.24 ± 0.14 × 10-10 m/s2
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