The Coming of the Civil War Chapter 10 Two Nations? A. North & South divided: each saw the other as a threat to their way of life. B. Northern View: Slavery violates the basic principles of the United States and Christianity. C. Southern View: Owning slaves is their right and duty. See illustration p. 349 D. Economic differences between North & South (see table p. 350) 10.2 The Mexican War After the Texas War for Independence from Mexico, Texans voted to be annexed by U.S. Texas had been increasingly populated by American settlers + Manifest Destiny Congress approves annexation of Texas = The Mexican War or The North American Invasion Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: U.S. gains Texas, New Mexico & California. Expansion of slavery in these new territories causes political crisis. New Political Parties A. Slavery causes issues in new territories from Mexican War. B. Splinter political parties emerge in reaction to slavery question. C. Compromise of 1850 (see map. p. 356) - California is a free state - NM &UT will decide for themselves if free or slave states - Sale of slaves abolished in D.C., but slavery still legal. Fugitive Slave Act : all citizens must help return escaped slaves. No jury trial for escaped slaves. New Political Parties D. Compromise does not solve the slavery issue and in some cases inflames oppositions. E. Kansas-Nebraska Act: (1854) Popular Sovereignty will decide slave question in new territories. F. Political Parties of the 1850s - see Table p. 326 The System Fails A. Bleeding Kansas - Slavery issue leads to violent clashes and resentment on both sides B. Supreme Court Case: Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) - Scott sued for his freedom but lost - Slaves have no rights / are not citizens - Federal Gov. cant deprive people of their property (slaves), and therefore slaves should be legal in all U.S. C. Lincoln - Douglass Debates: Douglass supports popular sovereignty, Lincoln supports minority rights. D. John Brown raids federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in hopes of slave uprising but is caught by US troops led by Robert E. Lee A Nation Divided Against Itself A. Abraham Lincoln elected President in 1860 B. Southern states secede and for the Confederate States of America (see Viewpoints p. 370 & map p. 373) C. Confederate forces bombard and take Fort Sumpter on April 12, Civil War Begins Crash Course: The Road to Disunion (14 min)The Road to Disunion