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TRANSCRIPT
The Cold War
Unit 9
I. Cold War: Superpowers
Face Off
A. Allies Become Enemies
1. At the Yalta Conference, Churchill, FDR, and Stalin
agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones.
Stalin promised to have free elections in E. Europe.
A. Allies Become Enemies
2. The United Nations was created in June 1945. The
international organization was designed to keep peace.
A. Allies Become Enemies
3. After WWII, US and USSR
split sharply. US became
the richest and most
powerful country, and USSR
suffered substantially.
B. Eastern Europe’s Iron
Curtain
1. As WWII was near its end, Stalin installed Communist
gov’ts in bordering countries to serve as a buffer. Truman
and Stalin clashed at Potsdam, creating clear conflicts
between communism and capitalism.
B. Eastern Europe’s Iron
Curtain
2. Europe was divided
between East and West.
Even Germany was split.
Churchill said an “iron
curtain” separated
democratic W. Europe and
Communist E. Europe.
C. US Tries to Contain Soviets
1. Truman’s aim to stop the expansion of communism
was called containment. Truman’s support for countries
rejecting communism, such as Turkey and Greece, was
called the Truman Doctrine.
C. US Tries to Contain Soviets
2. US Sec. of State George
Marshall created the Marshall Plan
to give food, supplies, and aid to
rebuild W. Europe (and fight
communism…).
C. US Tries to Contain Soviets
3. In the hopes of kicking the out the allies, USSR blocked off W. Berlin. The US organized the Berlin airlift to provide supplies to W. Berlin. USSR ended the blockade in 1949.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
1a. Until 1991, the Cold War between US and USSR
was a struggle over political differences that divided
most of the world.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
1b. US and its Western allies, joined NATO in 1949. USSR and
its Eastern allies formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955. By 1961, E.
Germany built the Berlin Wall separating W. and E. Berlin.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
2a. An arms race began after
USSR dropped its first A-bomb in
1949. By 1953, US and USSR
had hydrogen bombs.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
2b. Sec. of State John Foster Dulles under new US Pres.
Eisenhower promoted brinkmanship, threatening massive
retaliation without actually going to war. The ongoing arms
race basically guaranteed mutually assured destruction.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
3a. The Cold War also caused a space race. Soviets launched a satellite named Sputnik 1 into space in 1957. The US launched its own in1958.
D. The Cold War Divides the
World
3b. The US CIA began spy flights over the USSR
using U-2 planes. In May 1960, Soviets shot
down a U-2 plane, capturing the pilot.
II. The Korean War
A. War in Korea
1. After WWII, Korea was
divided at the 38th parallel.
North = Communist. South =
Non-Communist.
A. War in Korea
2. In 1950, N. Korea invaded S. Korea. US and UN
troops led by Gen. MacArthur helped SK.
A. War in Korea
3. MacArthur’s troops were able to push the NKs out of
SK. Once his troops invaded NK, China joined the war
and quickly pushed UN troops to SK.
A. War in Korea
4. The Korean War ended in a stalemate in 1953. NK
allied with China and SK allied with US.