THE COLD WARTHE COLD WAR

Communism v. DemocracyCommunism v. Democracy

““The Fight for the World”The Fight for the World”

SOCIETY AND CLASS SYSTEMSOCIETY AND CLASS SYSTEM

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism vv. . American DemocracyAmerican Democracy

All people equal - All people equal - social and economic social and economic statusstatus

One class societyOne class society

People can move People can move betw. social and betw. social and economic classeseconomic classes

Lower, middle and Lower, middle and upper classes, are, in upper classes, are, in theory, available to theory, available to all all

PROPERTY AND ECONOMICSPROPERTY AND ECONOMICS

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism vv. . American DemocracyAmerican Democracy

SocialismSocialism: in theory, : in theory, property and business are property and business are owned by the communityowned by the community as a wholeas a whole

But in reality, the gov’t But in reality, the gov’t controls the economy, controls the economy, including all business including all business and tradeand trade

Capitalism: Capitalism: economy economy based on based on private private ownership, ownership, of property of property and businessand business

Economy is controlled Economy is controlled mainly by free market mainly by free market trade trade

(supply and demand)(supply and demand)

FREEDOM AND RIGHTSFREEDOM AND RIGHTS

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism vv. . American DemocracyAmerican Democracy

Supposedly, all laws are Supposedly, all laws are for the good of societyfor the good of society

Gov’t demands loyalty Gov’t demands loyalty to what the communist to what the communist party dictatesparty dictates

No freedom of No freedom of expression, travel or expression, travel or electionselections

People have right and People have right and liberties protected by liberties protected by Constitution from gov’tConstitution from gov’t• Freedom of speechFreedom of speech• Freedom of assemblyFreedom of assembly• Freedom of pressFreedom of press• Freedom of movementFreedom of movement• Vote for leaders in Vote for leaders in

free electionsfree elections

GOALS IN THE COLD WARGOALS IN THE COLD WAR

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism vv. . American DemocracyAmerican Democracy

Spread communism all Spread communism all over the worldover the world

Destroy enemies of Destroy enemies of communismcommunism

Cause capitalism to Cause capitalism to collapse and make collapse and make everyone “equal”everyone “equal”

Contain and stop the Contain and stop the spread of communismspread of communism

Assist all other “enemies Assist all other “enemies of communism” militarily of communism” militarily or financiallyor financially

COLD WAR ALLIANCESCOLD WAR ALLIANCES

Soviet CommunismSoviet Communism vv. . American DemocracyAmerican Democracy Eastern Bloc countries Eastern Bloc countries

forced to sign a military forced to sign a military alliance: the “Warsaw alliance: the “Warsaw Pact”Pact”

Cuba, North Korea, Cuba, North Korea, China and other China and other communist countries in communist countries in Asia and Latin AmericaAsia and Latin America

Great western Great western democracies joined democracies joined NATO (North Atlantic NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)Treaty Organization)

Britain, France, West Britain, France, West Germany and other anti-Germany and other anti-communist countriescommunist countries

Both sides feared attack from the other, so they created military alliance systems

World AlliancesWorld Alliances

NATO v. Warsaw PactNATO v. Warsaw Pact How could there be How could there be

a “Cold” War with a “Cold” War with military alliances? military alliances?

Why were both Why were both NATO and the NATO and the Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact created?created?

How did the Soviet How did the Soviet Union respond to Union respond to attempts by attempts by Eastern European Eastern European countries to leave countries to leave the Warsaw Pact or the Warsaw Pact or establish establish democracy?democracy?

WWI & the Cold WarWWI & the Cold War In what ways were the conditions at In what ways were the conditions at

the beginning of the Cold War similar to the beginning of the Cold War similar to the conditions before WWI? (Think back the conditions before WWI? (Think back to those long-term MAIN factors.)to those long-term MAIN factors.)• Competition for land and control of other countries Competition for land and control of other countries

(Sphere of influence – imperialism)(Sphere of influence – imperialism)• Military alliances and wartime armies ready to fightMilitary alliances and wartime armies ready to fight• Strong feelings of nationalismStrong feelings of nationalism

What “spark” triggered WWI?

If the world conditions during the Cold War were similar to those MAIN factors before WWI, what might happen?

AMERICA FIGHTS AMERICA FIGHTS COMMUNISMCOMMUNISM

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

Harry Truman – US Pres. (1946-1952)Harry Truman – US Pres. (1946-1952) DoctrineDoctrine: America’s foreign policy to : America’s foreign policy to

stop the spread of communism stop the spread of communism (containment) and fight communism (containment) and fight communism where it existed (roll it back)where it existed (roll it back)

Led the United States Led the United States to become involved in to become involved in many world conflicts many world conflicts (ex: Korean and Vietnam (ex: Korean and Vietnam Wars, Cuban Revolution) Wars, Cuban Revolution)

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan George Marshall – US Sec. of State George Marshall – US Sec. of State

under Truman (deals w/ foreign policy)under Truman (deals w/ foreign policy) Plan:Plan: give $ assistance to struggling give $ assistance to struggling

countries in Europe after WWII.. countries in Europe after WWII.. • So weakened nations would not turn to So weakened nations would not turn to

communism for answers or helpcommunism for answers or help 1948-1951: US gave $13 billion in 1948-1951: US gave $13 billion in

economic, agricultural and technical economic, agricultural and technical aid to help “free” Europe recover aid to help “free” Europe recover

Truman Doctrine and Marshall PlanTruman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

““Red Scare”Red Scare”

Communists/Soviets called RedsCommunists/Soviets called Reds During the 1950’s, many American During the 1950’s, many American

feared a communist takeover in USfeared a communist takeover in US People believed that there were People believed that there were

communist spies secretly working in communist spies secretly working in American government positionsAmerican government positions