The Cold War

Ch. 25 & 26

The Yalta ConferenceDivision of Germany into four zones. Creation of East and West Germany.Russian help with Japan in exchange for two Japanese islandsPoland government allowed to continue with Russian sympathies.Creations of the United Nations.

League of Nations concept.All members settle diff. peacefully, promote justice and

solve international problems.

Russian ExpansionNo Polish elections for two years.

1944- Albania

1948- Bulgaria

1946- Czechoslovakia

1945- HungarySoviet candidates lost elections, but gained power by 1948 by use of army force.

1945- Romania

1949- West Germany

1948- Treaty of neutrality signed with Finland.

1948- YugoslaviaTito Broz repelled a Soviet takeover and ran an form of Communism independent of Stalin.

Truman DoctrinePolicy of containment developed by George Kennan.

Policy that recognized the possibility that Eastern Europe was lost to Communism and US must stop further growth elsewhere in the world.

TurkeyStalin wanted control of a narrow strait to allow Russian control of ports leading into the Black Sea through the Dardanelles.

Became known as the Truman Doctrine in March of 1947.

The Berlin AirliftBegan June 1948

Lasted 15 months

Airplanes flew over East Berlin and dropped supplies to citizens.

Led to the creation of the Berlin Wall Separating East-West Berlin in 1961

The Berlin Wall

The Marshall PlanIn response to devastation of WWII. 21 million people homeless, 20% of Poland pop. Killed, 1 in 5 homes in France destroyed.Called for European countries to develop a plan for economic recovery that the US would aid with financial assistance.Hoped that US help would stifle the growth of communist govts.Formally known as the “European Recovery Program” adopted in 1948.US gave $13 billion dollars over four years.

Warsaw Pactsigned in Poland in 1955

officially called 'The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance‘

Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union

a military treaty, which bound its signatories to come to the aid of the others, should any one of them be the victim of foreign aggression.

Created in response to NATO treaty signed by the allies in 1949

Korean WarYalta Conference agreed to split country at 38 parallel.The North ruled by Kim II Sung called itself Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

Backed by USSR

The South was ruled by Syngmung Rhee known as The Republic of Korea

Backed by America

Both had goal of unifying Korea

Korean War

War begins in 1950

Douglas MacArthur fired in 1951

Peace Negotiations in 1952Debate over boundary led to battles of Heartbreak Ridge and Bloody Ridge

Oct. sessions stalled over POW’s• Rhee refused to return POW’s

July 27th, 1953Armistice signed

The Red ScareWisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy called out members of society as communists.

Chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee

Hollywood 10Ten writers and directors sentenced to a year on jail

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg1951 couple sentenced to death for selling secrets to USSR.

Alger Hiss TrialConvicted of lying under oath by Richard Nixon