The Cold WarThe Cold War1949 – 19911949 – 1991(1945-1989)(1945-1989)

What is it?What is it? Period of time when the Period of time when the

potential for war between potential for war between Russia and the U.S. Russia and the U.S. could have led to a could have led to a nuclear warnuclear war

War of ideals War of ideals (Communism v. non-(Communism v. non-communism)communism)

Several conflicts between Several conflicts between communism and non-communism and non-communism, but never communism, but never literally between Soviet literally between Soviet Union and U.S.Union and U.S.

Cold WarCold War

Stalin says war Stalin says war between U.S.S.R. between U.S.S.R. and U.S. will occur and U.S. will occur eventuallyeventually Communism and Communism and

capitalism cannot capitalism cannot coexistcoexist

Europe now divided Europe now divided into East and Westinto East and West Germany also divided Germany also divided

East and WestEast and West

From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe….. All these famous cities and the Europe….. All these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and are all subject to one form or sphere and are all subject to one form or another, not only to the Soviet influence but to a another, not only to the Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.from Moscow. - Churchill (1946)- Churchill (1946)

Iron CurtainIron Curtain

Churchill’s idea of an Churchill’s idea of an imaginary line that imaginary line that divides Communist divides Communist Eastern Europe and Eastern Europe and Asia from the rest of Asia from the rest of the worldthe world

Stalin claimed this Stalin claimed this speech was a call for speech was a call for warwar

U.S. response to Soviet U.S. response to Soviet expansionexpansion

ContainmentContainmentblock Soviet influence block Soviet influence and prevent expansionand prevent expansion

1. create alliances1. create alliances

2. help weakening 2. help weakening countries resist countries resist Soviet advancesSoviet advances

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine Truman’s support for Truman’s support for countries that reject countries that reject communismcommunism

Truman DoctrineTruman Doctrine

ControversialControversial America should mind America should mind

it’s own businessit’s own business Lacks resources to Lacks resources to

provide sufficient help provide sufficient help for other countriesfor other countries

Some US support Some US support would go to dictators would go to dictators who were not who were not communistcommunist

How U.S. helpedHow U.S. helped

Marshall PlanMarshall Plan – sent $12 ½ – sent $12 ½ Billion to help rebuild Billion to help rebuild Europe (originally intended Europe (originally intended to send $4-5 bill.)to send $4-5 bill.)

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift Russia tries to surround Russia tries to surround

west Berlin to try to west Berlin to try to starve them (warning to starve them (warning to Allies)Allies)

Allies fly in supplies Allies fly in supplies every 3 minutes for 11 every 3 minutes for 11 monthsmonths

Blockade liftedBlockade lifted

Cold War organizationsCold War organizations NATONATO – North Atlantic – North Atlantic

Treaty OrganizationTreaty Organization U.S., Canada, 11 U.S., Canada, 11

Western European Western European countriescountries

Promise protection to Promise protection to any country attackedany country attacked

Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact Soviet Union’s response Soviet Union’s response

to NATOto NATO Soviet Union, Poland, Soviet Union, Poland,

East Germany, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, AlbaniaBulgaria, Albania

Cold War CompetitionCold War Competition

Cold War Cold War competition competition becomes a race to becomes a race to do everything first do everything first and everything best and everything best (from the scary to (from the scary to the impressive to the impressive to the ridiculous)the ridiculous)

BrinkmanshipBrinkmanship

John Foster DullesJohn Foster Dulles U.S.’s willingness to U.S.’s willingness to

go to edge of war go to edge of war Requires nuclear Requires nuclear

weapons and weapons and airplanes to deliver airplanes to deliver weaponsweapons

Turns into Nuclear Turns into Nuclear Arms Race (who can Arms Race (who can build up more build up more weapons)weapons)

Nuclear Arms RaceNuclear Arms Race U.S. – A-Bombs Japan (1945)U.S. – A-Bombs Japan (1945)

Splits atomsSplits atoms U.S.S.R. – creates A-Bomb in U.S.S.R. – creates A-Bomb in

19491949 U.S. – creates H-Bomb in U.S. – creates H-Bomb in

1952 (thousands of times more 1952 (thousands of times more powerful than A-bomb)powerful than A-bomb) Combines atomsCombines atoms

U.S.S.R. – creates H-Bomb in U.S.S.R. – creates H-Bomb in 19531953

U.S.S.R. – (Intercontinental U.S.S.R. – (Intercontinental Ballistic missile – ICBM) – long Ballistic missile – ICBM) – long distance rocket -- 1957distance rocket -- 1957 initially used to push first initially used to push first

unmanned satellite into unmanned satellite into space (Sputnik I) space (Sputnik I)

Can carry Nuclear Can carry Nuclear weapons or go into spaceweapons or go into space

1958 – US creates ICBM1958 – US creates ICBM

SpiesSpies

Alger HissAlger HissJulius and Ethel Julius and Ethel

RosenbergRosenbergCIACIAKGBKGBAnd . . .And . . .Bond, James BondBond, James Bond

Cold War in SpaceCold War in Space U.S. – gets satellite into U.S. – gets satellite into

space (1958)space (1958) 1960 – U-2 spy plane 1960 – U-2 spy plane

shot downshot down 1961 – Russia has first 1961 – Russia has first

man to orbit earth (Yuri man to orbit earth (Yuri Gagarin)Gagarin)

1962 – John Glenn orbits 1962 – John Glenn orbits earthearth

1969 – Neil Armstrong 1969 – Neil Armstrong (American) first to set foot (American) first to set foot on moonon moon

1971 – USSR puts up 1971 – USSR puts up first manned space first manned space station station

SportsSports

OlympicsOlympics1972 Basketball1972 Basketball1980 Hockey1980 Hockey1980 Boycott1980 Boycott1984 Boycott1984 Boycott1988 Basketball1988 BasketballTotal Medal Count?Total Medal Count?

USSR won 1009 - 873USSR won 1009 - 873

MoviesMovies

Red DawnRed DawnRocky IVRocky IV