the cold war 1945-1991. negotiations--1945 many say that the cold war started with the end of wwii...
TRANSCRIPT
The Cold War
1945-1991
Negotiations--1945• Many say that the Cold War started
with the end of WWII• The Yalta Conference,
– February 4-11, 1945– Old palace of Czar Nicholas II in
Crimea– The Big Three--Stalin, FDR &
Chuchill
Yalta Conference• Issues:
• Roosevelt’s health
• Germany--division
• Soviet Request for $10 billion
• Poland--to Soviet Union pending elections
• Urged Soviet Union to declare war on Japan
Yalta Conference • FDR promised to withdraw US
troops in 2 years
• UN created -- why US join this time? Permanent seats… veto power…
• Korea divided along 38th parallel
• Soviet army was poised for final attack on Berlin
Truman becomes President
• April 12, 1945--FDR dies and Harry S. Truman becomes President
• “US-Soviet relations will no longer be on the basis of a one-way street”
• “Carry out your agreements and you won’t get talked to like that”
May 13th, 1945--VE Day
• Victory in Europe
The Potsdam Conference• July 17-August 2, 1945 in Berlin
suburb
• Truman, Churchill & Stalin
Potsdam Conference
• Stalin renewed demand for war payments
• Truman insisted on Polish elections
• Truman found out that A-bomb was tested in New Mexico
Potsdam Conference
• Issues Continue:
• Nuremberg trials
• Churchill lost election to Attlee
• Already problems with West vs. East German economies
WWII Ends
• August 6, Hiroshima--Little boy uranium bomb kills 80000
• August 8 Stalin declares war on Japan
• August 9 Nagasaki--Fatman plutonium bomb kills 70000
• August 15--VJ day
Cold War Demonstrations
• Truman announces no further recognition of communist government --January 5, 1946
“I’m Sick of babysitting the Soviets”
1946 Cold War Demonstrations
• Stalin hostile speech--communism and capitalism were incompatible
• February 10-- Churchill calls for Anglo-American opposition
• March 5-- Churchill speech --• “AN IRON CURTAIN”
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
While U.S. is testing Nuclear Arms--Marshall Islands…
• Albania and Bulgaria– Soviets rolled in 1944--secured
government by 1948 by suppressing all anti-communists
• Czechoslovakia– police and government officials replaced
by communists--1948 Satellite
Hungary and Romania• HUNGARY
– influenced elections with police control 1947
• Romania
–Communist Prime Minister
–1947 king was forced to resign
East Germany
• Stalin did not want Germany to gain power-established a totalitarian government
• 1949-German “Democratic Republic”
Finland and Yugoslavia
• Finland treaty of cooperation with Soviet Union
• Yugoslavia--own communism under Tito
Containment--1947-1949
• US and Soviet ideals not compatible so communism must be contained
• Truman Doctrine--
• February 1947--Britain unable to help Greece and Turkey --asked US to step in. $400,000,000
Marshall Plan
• George C. Marshall becomes secretary of State on Jan 21, 1947
• Decided to help European nations rebuild
• Plan revealed on June 5, 1947– “Our policy is directed not against any country
or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos”
Marshall Plan
• Soviet Union invited to participate but refused and forced satellites to refuse as well
• 17 nations joined– ratified in 1948 by congress
– 13 billion given over 4 years
THE COLD WAR BUILDS…
…and now the Soviets have nuclear power!!!