the cloudy and hazy world seen by steve schneider v. ramanathan scripps institution of oceanography...
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The Cloudy and Hazy World Seen by Steve Schneider
V. RamanathanScripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, California
Schneider SymposiumBoulder, Colo, Aug 25, 2011
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Earth Radiation Budget Experiment: { Joined Team in 1975}Originally proposed by Suomi; the Expt awarded to NASA-Langley
Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Physics Today, 1989
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341
99238
Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Phys Today, 1989Kim and Ramanathan, 2006
25 Wm
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37
-66-49
-31 37, SCHNEIDER, 1972
-66 SCHNEIDER, 1972
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Clouds switch from cooling to warming at high Latitudes in winter
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SCHNEIDER,1972
Ramanathan et al: 1989; 1995; 2006SCHNEIDER,1972
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The Copenhagen Accord for Limiting Global Warming:Criteria, Constraints and Available Avenues
Ramanathan and Xu, Submitted to PNAS, 2010
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A Grand Climate Change and Mitigation Experiment
Providing Clean Cooking and Lighting Technologies and documenting their impacts on Air pollution, Climate
Forcing, Health Exposure Indoors and outdoors
V. Ramanathan and the Surya Team
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November 14 2006 December 21 2001
Ramanathan 2007NASA-MODIS
Intense Atmospheric Solar Heating: Melting of Glaciers; Disruption of Monsoon
Dimming of Surface:Decreasing evaporation; Decreasing Monsoon Rainfall
Deposition of BC on Snow Melting of Glaciers
500,000 deaths from indoor Smoke
More than 60% of BC emissionsIs from biomass burning
Millions of Tons of crop damages
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Eliminating Cooking Smoke can have dramatic Impact on Air Pollution & ClimateRamanathan and Carmichael, 2008
Simulated Column Black Carbon
2000 to 2005, as is 2000-2005 Without BC from Cooking
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Global (Annual Values):CO2 Released : 1 B Ton (WB-2011)Black Carbon (40 Yr GWP) : 1 B to 4 B Ton CO2
CO (Ozone Precursor) : ??
Regional (S Asia) Himalayan Glaciers Retreat : 30%Monsoon Decrease (7%) : 60%Precipitation effncy : ??Crop Damages : 5 Mt of Rain fed Rice AloneWater Security : ?????
Fuel wood(344); Crops(76); Dung (75) Tg/Yr
The Game Changer : Cookstove Climate Mitigation Potential
We need to Reduce CO2 emissions by 20 B Tons/Yr by 2050 to limit warming to 2C. Will Cost $46 Trillion from now to 2050 (IEA)
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What is Surya: A Climate Change Science, Health& Sustainability Experiment
Demonstration Phase: >10000 households
Pilot Phase: 485 households
EOS-Satellites
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Indoor and Outdoor BC
Why the Brown Color?
Wavelength (nm)
Nor
mal
ized
Abs
Coe
fft
Surya ObservationsRehman et al, ACPD 2011
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Over S. Asia, the simulated BC is a factor of 3 to 10 Lower
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Diurnal variation of seasonal mean BC concentration at SVI_1 village centre (VC).
Seasonal Variation in BC Concentrations: Comparison with Climate Models
SimulatedGanguly etAl, 2010
SimulatedMenon et al, 2010
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Have Identified the Technology that reduces BC emissionsKar et al, 2011
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Monthly mean LIDAR extinction profiles (532 nm) from CALIPSO for the grid (26–27N and 80–82E) for post-monsoon, dry and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. SVI_1 is located within this grid.
How Deep Does the Soot aerosols Penetrate?NASA-CALIPSO Data
DEC to FEBOCT to NOV March to May
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25
Monitoring Stove BC Emissions Using Mobile Phones
Filter, placed on reference template
25 mm
Results sent back via SMS
Picture sent to server
Micro-Pump and Filter
N Ramanathan, et al, Atm Environment, 2011
Innovations
• $500 per unit, ultra low power.
• Low-tech: works with any camera cellphone.
• Real-time reporting.
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Indoor and Outdoor BC
Why the Brown Color?
Wavelength (nm)
Nor
mal
ized
Abs
Coe
fft
Surya ObservationsRehman et al, ACPD 2011
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Ground Based Observations
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SURYASustainability Science ImplementationDiffusion Adoption
Grand Climate Change
Expt
C
Energy Technologies
Human-environment Interactions
Air Pollution & Health Impacts
Outstanding Problems that are within the scope of Surya
Wireless data collection on massive scale
Translating KnowledgeInto Action