the civil war. first shots march 1861-pres. lincoln takes office 7 states had already seceded ...
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THE CIVIL WAR
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FIRST SHOTS March 1861-Pres. Lincoln takes office 7 states had already seceded April 12, 1861-Shots at Fort Sumter in
South Carolina Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers
4 more states secede Confederate capital moved to Richmond, VA
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ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES
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NORTHERN ADVANTAGES Population-22 million 2/3-nation’s manufacturing ¾-nation’s railroads Navy 2/3-nation’s farm land (food) Great civilian leadership-Lincoln
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SOUTHERN ADVANTAGES Defensive War Great military leadership Accustom to riding horses & shooting guns Possible Allies “The Cause”
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NORTHERN DISADVANTAGES
Offensive War Poor military leadership No allies
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SOUTHERN DISADVANTAGES
Less people-9 million white/4 million slaves
Little manufacturing, food, & transportation
No navy Poor civilian leadership-Davis
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UNION STRATEGY Blockade
Most effective South-”Blockade Runners”
Capture Richmond Confederate Capital Hardest to accomplish
Control Mississippi River Split Confederacy Transportation
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MAJOR CONCERN Border States
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, & W. Virginia
Would increase population of the Confederacy by 50%
Gave the south manufacturing capabilities and raw materials
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CIVIL LIBERTIES Suspended some newspaper publication Suspended voting in border states Suspended Writ of Habeas Corpus
Person could be arrested without being informed of the charges against them
Held without trial
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CONSCRIPTION/DRAFT First in south
Some sent slaves to fight Outlawed due to deserting (north)
North Relaxed citizenship laws
Drafted immigrants right off the boat Immigration rates fall
Conscription Act (March 1863) All men 20-45 liable for military service Avoid service by paying someone $300 to take your place Opposition by poor laborers
Couldn’t pay price Immigrants take jobs while gone
Riots in New York (July 1863) Draft temporarily suspended
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POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CHANGES
Politics Republican majority in Congress Cooperheads
Northern democrats wanted to let the south leave peacefully
Economy Need to finance the war
Sale of war bonds Raised tariffs Added excise taxes First income tax
National Banking System (1863) Manage new tax money
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POLITICAL & ECONOMIC CHANGES
Republican economic policies Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Raised tariffs Homestead Act (1862)
Promoted settlement of west (Great Plains) 160 acres of land=live on land for 5 years
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) Encouraged states to use salve of Federal land to
maintain agriculture and technology colleges Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Build transcontinental railroad through center part of country
Link California with eastern states
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FOREIGN AFFAIRS England
Trent Affair Confederate diplomats traveling to England on British ship,
“Trent” US ship stopped and detained the Confederates British threatened war if they were not released Lincoln released them Public outcry Diplomats went to England, but failed to gain alliance
France Napolean III sent French army to take over Mexico City
(1863) Set up “puppet government” Violated the Monroe Doctrine William Seward (Sec. of State) threatened to march
south French left-gave land back to Mexicans
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WOMEN Took jobs of the men at war Volunteered in hospitals and aid societies
to raise money/send supplies to soldiers Permanent changes
Field of nursing open to woman Revived Suffrage Movement
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AFRICAN-AMERICANS South
Freed as the Union took over the South North
Took place of white men in jobs Military
Massachusetts 54th Regiment First African-American regiment Led by white officers Opened opportunity for more regiments
180,000 volunteered to serve