the civil war and reconstruction grade 7 unit 8 lesson 1 ©2012, tesccc

The Civil War and

Reconstruction

Grade 7 Unit 8 Lesson 1©2012, TESCCC

Civil War and Reconstruction BEAN

BINGO • Look over the key terms on your Bingo Card.

• When you see one of the key terms on the PowerPoint, place a BEAN in that square.

• Try to go for a BLACKOUT BINGO!

• The teacher will assign each person a partner for short Quiz-Quiz-Praise games throughout the presentation.

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Civil War: 1861-1865

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Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Confederate General Robert E. Lee

Civil War: The Civil War and Reconstruction had great impact on Texas:

• Political

• Economic

• Social

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Civil War:

Political Impact:having to do with the structures and affairs

of government, politics and its institutions, or

politicians

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Civil War:

Economic Impacthaving to do with the

production, development, and management of

material wealth of a country, household,

or business enterprise©2012, TESCCC

Civil War:

Social Impact:having to do with

the way people live together in

communities

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Civil War:

What were the CAUSES for the

Civil War?

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Civil War: CausesSTATES’ RIGHTS

• The 10th Amendment to the United States Constitution states that all powers not given to the Congress by the Constitution (Art. I, Sec. 8) are reserved to the states, States' Rights.

• Because the power to decide issues regarding slavery is not given to the Congress in the Constitution, the southern states felt that is was within their power to determine the issue.

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• The northern states agreed with the Federal Government and wanted to abolish slavery.

• Their economy was based on industry and did not rely on slavery.

• Very few families owned slaves.

• The northern states represented the Union.


Northern States

Northern States

The Union©2012, TESCCC


The Confederacy©2012, TESCCC

• The southern states did not agree with the Federal Government.

• They believed that state’s rights were infringed (states having the power to govern themselves).

• Their economy was based on agriculture (farming and raising livestock) and relied heavily on slavery.

• Many plantation owners used enslaved people to work in their homes and fields.

Civil War: CausesTariffs

• The South was producing cotton and selling it to the North as well as to England.

• Northern manufacturers were producing cloth they wanted to sell in the South. However it was more expensive for the North to produce goods than England because they were better industrialized.

• The North wanted a protective tariff placed on imported goods thus raising England’s prices on goods.

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Civil War: CausesTariffs

• Southerners and Northerners both would have to pay more for manufactured goods imported from overseas, which would help sales of products made in the U.S.

• The South protested that the national government did not have the right to do this.

• However, the Constitution gives the Congress the power to pass import taxes (export taxes are forbidden)

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Civil War: Impact on Texas

• Throughout the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln developed several plans to bring the nation back together and to give enslaved people their freedom.

• The Executive Order known as The Emancipation Proclamation, freed slaves in the slave-holding Southern states beginning January 1, 1863.

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Quiz-Quiz-Praise Game • Turn to your partner.

• Take turns quizzing each other over the following key terms.

• When you partner gets an answer correct, be sure to celebrate with a high five or a cheer!

States’ Rights

Abraham Lincoln

Emancipation Proclamation

Tariff

Union

Confederacy

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Civil War:

What impact did the Civil War have

on Texas?

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• The southern states, including Texas, SECEDED (pulled out of) the United States in 1861.

• The southern states formed the CONFEDERACY – a government with weaker central authority

Civil War: Political Impact

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Texas gave reasons for joining the Confederacy:

• SECTIONALISM – greater loyalty to a region, than a nation• Most Texans were originally from

the South and had connections to friends and families there.

• Many of these Texans agreed with slavery though most did not hold slaves.

• Economically, politically and socially Texans were connected to the South.


Texas gave reasons for joining the Confederacy:

• The national government had not helped Texas prevent Indian attacks, raids, and other acts of banditry in Texas.

• Texas’ economy depended on slavery.


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• Newly-elected Governor, Sam Houston, did not want Texas to secede from the Union and was removed from office when he refused to take a loyalty oath to the Confederacy.


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Significant Texans in the Civil War:Which person matches each description?

1. Leader of Confederate “Hood’s Brigade”; Fort Hood Texas named after him

2. Governor of Texas in 1861 after Sam Houston was removed from office

3. Commander of Confederate forces in Texas

4. Led the gunboat battle where the Confederacy regained control of Galveston; strapped cotton bales to the sides of steamboats to protect the riflemen

John Bell HoodJohn Magruder

Francis Lubbock

5. Confederate Army General, 19th governor of Texas, one of the president of what is now known as A & M University

Lawrence Sullivan “Sul” Ross

Thomas Green

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• Texans fought in many battles in the Civil War on the Confederate and Union side

• Conscription Act (had to join the army) – Around 70,000 Texans joined the Confederacy

• On the Union side, many formerly-enslaved Texans and many Texas immigrants fought

Significant Texas Battles in the Civil War:Which description matches which battle?

1. July 1861 – The Union Navy blocked Texas ports; 1863, Confederate troops converted steamboats to gunships and take back the port

2. September 1863 - Union planned to invade Texas with 5000 troops and attack Houston; Lieutenant Richard Dowling and his men defended Ft. Griffin for a complete victory

3. May 1865 – Union army moved to capture Brownsville; collided with Confederate troops led by John S. Fort; Confederate troops captured 100 union soldiers who told them the war was over in April

Battle of GalvestonBattle of Sabine Pass

Batle of Palmito Ranch

Civil War: Economic Impact

• Northern blockades cut off food, supplies, war material to the South created shortages of…• Coffee• Medicine• Clothing• Salt• Paper

• Trade along the Mexican border continued

• Demand for cotton was down because of the war, but demand for corn and wheat up due to food shortages©2012, TESCCC

Civil War: Economic Impact

• Freed slaves leave few left on the farms

• Lower production of agriculture and business due to men being at war

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Civil War: Social Impact• With so many Texans fighting in

the war, women and children had to be responsible for the businesses, farms, and homes.

• Many suffered the loss of family members.

• Union supporters were treated with hostility.

• Life was hard in Texas. ©2012, TESCCC

Civil War: Civil War Ends• The war ended in April 1865, but because of Texas’s

location, the news of the war ending did not reach Texas until June 19, 1865. Why did it take so long for Texans to hear this news?

• The last Civil War battle was in Brownsville, Texas May 12 -13.

• The North, or Union forces, had already won the war.

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee had signed the surrender agreement one month before.

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Secede

Confederacy

Sectionalism

ConscriptionAct




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• A week after the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

• His successor, President Johnson continued on with the process of Reconstruction, or rebuilding the country.

Reconstruction: Impact

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• The Confederate loss affected Texas:• There was a shortage of free labor to farm

their fields.

• There was inadequate production in agriculture and business.

• Transportation was disrupted.

Reconstruction: Impact

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• Martial Law – Governor Davis used military forces to keep the peace in several counties

• Sherman and federal troops removed American Indian tribes from West Texas during the “Frontier Wars.”

Reconstruction: Political Impact

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• Texas adopted the Constitution of 1876

• Texas ratified the ReconstructionAmendments in order to rejointhe Union• 13th Amendment - forbids slavery• 14th Amendment – equal rights, regardless of race• 15th Amendment – extended the right to vote to

African American men

Reconstruction: Political Impact

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• There was a great increase in…

• Tenant farming – people reside on and farm land owned by a landlord

• Sharecropping – people farming another landowners land for a share of the profit

Reconstruction:Economic Impact

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Reconstruction: Economic Impact

• Expansion of the railroad

• Cattle industry booms

• This led to an increase in people moving to Texas

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Reconstruction: Social Impact

• Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by the national government to provide the following for formerly-enslaved people:• Food• Shelter• Medicine • Opened the first schools for African Americans in

Texas, which were in operation for over 100 years

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• On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger arrived in Texas in Galveston Bay with 2,000 federal troops announcing and enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation.

• June 19th became known as Juneteenth, which became a celebration of the end of slavery

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• Because some did not agree with the new laws of the U.S., some states passed Jim Crow laws to enforce segregation (separating races).

• It became illegal for African American Texans and sometimes Hispanic Texans to …• eat in the same restaurants• stay in the same hotel• attend the same schools• be treated in the same hospital as the Anglo Texans

Reconstruction:

Social Impact

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• The Ku Klux Klan emerged as a group seeking to force segregation and keep African Americans from taking part in politics.

• This was a time of great change as Texans made their way into a new era.


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Reconstruction

Tenant Farming

Constitution of 1876

Sharecropping

Juneteenth Jim Crow Laws

Freeman’s Bureau

13th, 14th, 15th Amendment

KKK




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the civil war and reconstruction grade 7 unit 8 lesson 1 ©2012, tesccc

Documents

civil war

tesccc slide

northern states

lee slide

states rights

southern states

infringed states

tesccc union general