The Civil War1861-1865

The Union• Led by Lincoln and Grant• Strong navy• Larger population• More factories to produce

weapons/materials• Strong govt.• Controlled most of the banks

The Confederacy• Led by Davis and Lee• Strong military tradition•Many farms supply food to

soldiers• Fighting for their lives

The PlanUnion

• The Anaconda Plan• Navy blocks rivers

and ports• Cut off supplies• Split the

Confederacy in two• Cut off trade w/

Europe

Confederacy• Attack and retreat• War of attrition• Drag it out• Soldiers couldn’t

do that• Many die in crazy

attacks

Union/Confederate Generals

• Gen Winfield Scott• George McClellan• David Farragut• William T Sherman• Ulysses S Grant

• Stonewall Jackson• Robert E Lee• George Pickett• Braxton Bragg

The Early Battles

• The Confederacy enjoys early success• Many think it will be a quick war, but that is

soon clearly not going to happen• Many spectators watch the first few battles• Early victories at Bull Run, Winchester, Cross

Keys, and Fredricksburg for the Confed.• Gives the C hope and causes the Union to

shake up military

The Early Years• The Union clearly has the advantage

going into the war• Union has more people, supplies, etc…• Confederacy has more to fight for and

enjoys early success• If Confederacy loses, their way of life will

change• Confederacy wins many early battles, but

eventually their aggression will cost them

Antietam• Lee and the South want to invade

Maryland

• This will force North to accept South’s independence

• Could also help England recognize the South

• The North sends troops to meet the South and they converge at Antietam

Antietam

• Bloodiest 1 day battle• Forces a retreat from Lee’s troops• Crucial victory for the Union• England would intervene and recognize

the Confederacy if it had won• Lincoln uses this turning point as an

opportunity to end slavery• Issues the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

• Victory at Antietam convinces Lincoln to end slavery

• Issues a statement ending slavery in states at war (unofficially ends slavery)

• Leaves border states alone to keep their loyalty

• One of the most famous speeches in history

Vicksburg

Vicksburg• The North want to take Vicksburg to cut

the South in two

• May 1863, Grant launches attack

• South fends them off and inflicts many casualties

• Grant puts city under siege, cuts off food and supplies

• Bombards them with canon fire

• South surrenders on 7-4-1863

Gettysburg• Lee continues to send troops

North

• Troops go into Penn. To look for supplies

• They encounter Union troops

• On July 1 1863, Lee attacked

Gettysburg• On July 3rd, Lee orders 15000 men under

George Pickett to charge

• Became known as Picketts charge

• 7000 Confederate troops killed in 30 minutes

• Union overwhelms the remaining troops

• 23000 Union troops killed-----28000 Confederate troops killed

• Turning point in the war

• South is now on the run

The Gettysburg Address• In Nov. 1863, Lincoln comes to dedicate the

battlefield• His speech goes onto be his best known

“Four score and seven years ago”

The Fall of Atlanta• General Sherman marches to Atlanta• Melts and twists all rail-lines• Orders all civilians to leave• Troops destroy everything in the city• 1/3 of Atlanta is burned to the

ground

Sherman’s March• 11-5-1864 Sherman begins his march

from Atl. To Savannah• Trail is 60 miles wide• Looted, burned houses, killed animals-

destroyed everything in their path• Troops then turn towards South Carolina• 12 towns burned, including Columbia, SC

“We have a power that Davis can’t resist. I can make the march and make Georgia howl”

“The whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak havoc and vengeance on South Carolina”

“Here is where the treason began, and here it will end”

Lee Surrenders• Confederate army on the run• Constantly in retreat• Lee knows war is over• Surrenders to Grant on 4-9-1865 @

Appomattox Courthouse• “There is nothing left to do but go and

see General Grant. I would rather die a thousand deaths”

Death of a President

Abraham Lincoln John Wilkes Booth

Threats to the President• During the Civil War, many rumors of

assassination plots against Lincoln• Lincoln never has any real security• South believes Lincoln’s death could

help them win the war

Death of a President• Booth was a well-known actor and

known Confederate• Plans to kidnap Lincoln in March

1865• Wants to exchange him for

Confederate prisoners• Lincoln cancels his appearance-plot

is not carried out

The Plot• Lincoln part of a bigger plot• VP Andrew Johnson, General Grant

and Sec. of State Seward also targets• Seward attacked, stabbed at home

but survived• Grant, Johnson plots fall apart• Booth hopes to revive the

Confederacy

Ford’s Theater• April 14, 1865 Lincoln and his wife attend

a play at Ford’s Theater• Shortly after 10, Booth sneaks into

Presidential box• Shoots Lincoln in the back of the head• Booth jumps to stage and yells “The

South shall live.”• Booth runs but he and his partners are

caught and shot or hanged