THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR

1861-18651861-1865

Read Read What If The Declaration of What If The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery?Independence Had Condemned Slavery?

Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and Read pages 116–117 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides.answer the questions on the following slides.

The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery

1.1. Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph?slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph?

The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery

2.2. Would the course of American history have changed significantly if the Would the course of American history have changed significantly if the Declaration of Independence had included Jefferson’s statement? If so, how? If not, Declaration of Independence had included Jefferson’s statement? If so, how? If not, why not?why not?

Possible reasons: the colonies may not Possible reasons: the colonies may not have united to throw off British rule, have united to throw off British rule, individual colonies may have struggled for individual colonies may have struggled for their own independence, or slavery may their own independence, or slavery may have ended sooner than it actually did.have ended sooner than it actually did.

The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned Slavery

CA HI2, HI3, HI4

Why did the founders not make Why did the founders not make provisions in the constitution?provisions in the constitution?

It was a dying practice at the time!It was a dying practice at the time! Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793

by Eli Whitneyby Eli Whitney Made southern plantations larger and had more of Made southern plantations larger and had more of

a need for slave labora need for slave labor They called it a “necessary evil”They called it a “necessary evil” Made slavery part of southern culture and Made slavery part of southern culture and

increased the populationincreased the population

Society after IndependenceSociety after Independence

Second Great Awakening and social reformSecond Great Awakening and social reform Changes in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisonsChanges in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisons Temperance movement-prohibitionTemperance movement-prohibition Women’s rights-suffrage movementWomen’s rights-suffrage movement Public education institutedPublic education instituted Abolition movementAbolition movement

American Expansion/Missouri American Expansion/Missouri Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820

Conflict between north and south when states Conflict between north and south when states were added to American territorywere added to American territory

Would the new state be a free or slave state?Would the new state be a free or slave state? Missouri Compromise, 1820Missouri Compromise, 1820

Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free stateMaine a free state

Deep Rooted DifferencesDeep Rooted Differences

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Abolitionists SlaveryAbolitionists SlaveryVocal northerners who called The 1/3 population whoVocal northerners who called The 1/3 population who

For immediate freedom and claimed they needed For immediate freedom and claimed they needed

Political rights for blacks slavery for the ag. based Political rights for blacks slavery for the ag. based

economy. Thought it economy. Thought it would bring chaos to the would bring chaos to the south. south.

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Industry/cityIndustry/city Cotton/Ag./country Cotton/Ag./country

1860 northern states South's provided 3/41860 northern states South's provided 3/4

contained 4/5 of U.S. of worlds cotton. No contained 4/5 of U.S. of worlds cotton. No

factories and 2/3 of cities needed or factories and 2/3 of cities needed or

Nations R.R. mileage wanted.Nations R.R. mileage wanted.

Progress/ Change TraditionProgress/ Change Tradition

People were forced to Well-mannered and proudPeople were forced to Well-mannered and proud

change due to industry. of their traditional slow change due to industry. of their traditional slow

Embraced change and way of life. No need for Embraced change and way of life. No need for

the future. Change in their society.the future. Change in their society.

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Union PreservationUnion Preservation States RightsStates Rights

States did not have the Believed the UnionStates did not have the Believed the Union

right to break up the was a collection ofright to break up the was a collection of

greatest democratic sovereign states. greatest democratic sovereign states.

experiment the world Viewed the Northexperiment the world Viewed the North

has ever known. as invaders, so has ever known. as invaders, so theythey

left the union.left the union.

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Gave Texas $10 million to abandon eastern New Gave Texas $10 million to abandon eastern New Mexico territoryMexico territory

New Mexico was split into two territories and made New Mexico was split into two territories and made slave or free by popular sovereignty basisslave or free by popular sovereignty basis

Made California a free stateMade California a free state Expansion of slavery still unsolvedExpansion of slavery still unsolved

II. Slavery and Western Expansion(pages 195–

198)

Dred Scott Decision, 1854Dred Scott Decision, 1854

Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state, Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state, Illinois, with his master Illinois, with his master His master died and he sued for freedomHis master died and he sued for freedom The case reached the supreme court and he denied The case reached the supreme court and he denied

a hearing because he was not a citizena hearing because he was not a citizen This outraged abolitionistsThis outraged abolitionists

Kansas/Nebraska Act(1854)Kansas/Nebraska Act(1854) Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided into Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided into

territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. The new states territories on the basis of popular sovereignty. The new states would be received into the Union with or without slavery, as would be received into the Union with or without slavery, as outlined in their state constitution at the time of their outlined in their state constitution at the time of their admission. admission.

Northerners quickly moved to the territory to create an Northerners quickly moved to the territory to create an antislavery majority. antislavery majority.

Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas. They voted Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas. They voted illegally to elect a pre-slavery legislature. illegally to elect a pre-slavery legislature.

In response, antislavery settlers held a convention and wrote a In response, antislavery settlers held a convention and wrote a constitution that excluded slavery. Then, Kansas had two constitution that excluded slavery. Then, Kansas had two governmentsgovernments

This later led to the John’s Brown raid and the first bloodshed This later led to the John’s Brown raid and the first bloodshed of the Civil War.of the Civil War.

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation ““Slaves within any state, Slaves within any state,

or designated part of a or designated part of a state… shall be forever state… shall be forever free. January 1free. January 1stst, 1863 , 1863 During the Civil War.During the Civil War.

This was the Forefather This was the Forefather for the 13for the 13thth Amendment Amendment outlawing slavery outlawing slavery in1865.in1865.

200,000 slaves left the 200,000 slaves left the South to fight alongside South to fight alongside the union troops in the the union troops in the North.North.

Main Cause of Civil War Main Cause of Civil War was slaverywas slavery economics, economics, also about power State also about power State vs. Federal vs. Federal

Reconstruction 1865-1877Reconstruction 1865-1877 Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started after Civil Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started after Civil

War and is still happening today.War and is still happening today. Lincoln’s goal was to reconcile with the S., instead of Lincoln’s goal was to reconcile with the S., instead of

punishing if for treason. punishing if for treason. Originally became more of a battle of who had power the Originally became more of a battle of who had power the

Congress (states) or the President ( Federal). Congress (states) or the President ( Federal). 11stst Reconstruction Act set up military districts to enforce Reconstruction Act set up military districts to enforce

Federal laws.Federal laws. 1313thth Amendment (1865) abolished slavery. Amendment (1865) abolished slavery. 1414thth Amendment All person except Native American Indians Amendment All person except Native American Indians

citizenship. Enabled “due process” under law. citizenship. Enabled “due process” under law. 1515thth Amendment all citizens could vote. Amendment all citizens could vote.

Reconstruction Reconstruction OverviewOverview

Southern states allowed Southern states allowed back into the Union with back into the Union with ratification of New ratification of New Constitution including 13, Constitution including 13, 14 and 15 Amendments. 14 and 15 Amendments. Once ratifiedOnce ratified federal federal troops withdrew.troops withdrew.

Civil Rights Act of 1875 Civil Rights Act of 1875 Gave all people equal Gave all people equal accommodations under accommodations under the law: Inns, RR, Boats, the law: Inns, RR, Boats, Theaters, Theaters, Not SchoolsNot Schools

1883 it was declared 1883 it was declared unconstitutional because unconstitutional because it lacked federal backing.it lacked federal backing.

Impeachment of Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Andrew Johnson

(R) 1868(R) 1868

Power Struggle-Johnson Power Struggle-Johnson (federal) vs. Congress (federal) vs. Congress (State)(State)

Johnson vs. Congress Johnson vs. Congress Northerners wanted to Northerners wanted to

reconstruct southreconstruct south Southerners wanted Southerners wanted

revenge against the northrevenge against the north Nothing to do with Civil Nothing to do with Civil

rights.rights. Impeachment 1 vote short Impeachment 1 vote short

(35-19) of removing him (35-19) of removing him from office. from office.

Supremacy Supremacy GroupsGroups

Several southern supremacy Several southern supremacy groups unhappy with policies groups unhappy with policies of Reconstruction.of Reconstruction.

KKK patterned after college KKK patterned after college fraternity (Kappa Alpha) fraternity (Kappa Alpha) sheets represented the sheets represented the confederate dead. They confederate dead. They basically became a terrorists basically became a terrorists group.group.

Lead to “force bills” violating Lead to “force bills” violating civil rights became a federal civil rights became a federal offense.offense.

Between 1882-1901 some Between 1882-1901 some 2000 African-Americans were 2000 African-Americans were lynched lynched

Compromise of 1877 Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction EndedReconstruction Ended Broken Broken

PromisesPromises Flawed Electoral CollegeFlawed Electoral College Tilden received 51% of vote. Tilden received 51% of vote.

(184 electoral votes)(184 electoral votes) Hayes received 48% of vote. Hayes received 48% of vote.

(166 electoral votes)(166 electoral votes) 19 votes still to be decided. 19 votes still to be decided.

Republicans gave votes to Republicans gave votes to Hayes in exchange for the Hayes in exchange for the removal of Federal Troops.removal of Federal Troops.

No federal troops to enforce No federal troops to enforce laws everything went laws everything went backwards thus backwards thus ending ending reconstruction.reconstruction.

Electoral Vote BreakdownElectoral Vote Breakdown