The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins (pgs. 622 – 629).

Who is this woman ?

Why is this man impt ?

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Jim Crow Laws

Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional ( legal).

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

African Americans had same rights ,but used separate facilities that were “EQUAL “.

Laws that segregated African

Americans .

Segregated areas in buses,trains, parks, pools,

restaurants & other public facilities.

Poorer quality than White facilities. De facto

Segregation Segregation by custom or tradition, e.g. – neighborhoods, dances churches restaurants & other public facilities.

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Morgan v Virginia

Court Challenges

African-Americans can’t be excluded from juries , violated equal protection under the law.

Since 1909, NAACP supported court decisions which were intended to overturn segregation.

Segregation on interstate buses was unconstitutional

Sweatt v Painter State law schools must admit qualified African-

American applicants, even if parallel black law schools exist.

Norris v Alabama

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

New Political Power

Great Migration – African Americans moved to Northern cities, were allowed to vote. The Democratic party listened to their concerns/issues and so African Americans registered as Democrats.

Before WW I , most African Americans lived in the South

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Push for Desegregation

CORE- Congress of Racial Equality founded by James Farmer/George Houser.

During WW II , African Americans began to demand more rights,esp in the military.

Began to use SIT-INS as form of protest. Attempted to desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African-Americans. Intended to shame restaurant managers into allowing African Americans to be served the same as White customers.

REVIEW Explain the relationship between 2 court cases

– Plessy v Ferguson & Brown v. Board of Education

Explain the Great Migration – what happened to the population in the South, in the North ?

Explain the difference between Jim Crow Laws and De Facto Segregation, give an example of each.

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Brown v. Board of Education . Linda Brown – African American young girl denied the right to attend her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas.

Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation was unconstitutional & violated equal protection clause of 14th amendment.

Thurgood Marshall – NAACP attorney argued before Supreme Court. for end of segregation in public schools.

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Southern Resistance

Angered white Southerners who were determined to defend segregation in spite of Supreme Court ruling.

Term “ all deliberate speed”, did not give specific time frame, vague enough to keep segregation going for many more years.

Convinced many African- Americans that the time had come to challenge segregation.

Southern Manifesto – encouraged white Southerners to use all lawful means to reverse decision. Encouraged white Southerners to defy Supreme Court

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Montgomery Bus Boycott Boycott by African Americans of the bus system

throughout Montgomery Alabama. Response to Rosa Parks being arrested.

Led by 26 year old Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Start of new era in civil rights movement – organized protests, defying laws that required segregation and demanded to be treated the same as whites.

• Ph.D. in theology.

• Followed teachings of Indian leader Gandhi –

NONVIOLENCE

• Read pg. 626 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

African American Churches Played critical role in the civil rights movement.

SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Led by African American ministers ( MLK) :

goal to eliminate segregation from American society Encourage African Americans to vote.

Challenged segregation at voting booths, public transportation, housing and accommodations.

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Little Rock Arkansas Court order requiring 9 African-

American students to be admitted to all white Central H. S.

Eisenhower sends federal troops in to protect students.

Gov. Orval Faubus, -

Ordered to remove the troops, he left the school to the mobs of angry protesters who vandalized the school and scared students.

Was seeking re election. Although a moderate on racial issues,

he wanted to win the support of White voters. Ordered troops form AK National Guard to prevent African American students from entering school to register.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xERXusiEszs

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : The Movement Begins

Civil Rights Act of 1957

SCLC began campaign to register 2 million new African American voters primarily in the South

Protect voting rights of African-Americans