the circulatory system consists of the heart, the blood vessels, and blood
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Functions of the Circulatory System
1.Transports O2 & nutrients (sugars, amino acids) to body cells
2.Transports hormones throughout body
3.Carries wastes away from cells
4.Works with the immune system to protect body against disease causing pathogens
Parts of the Blood
1. Plasma – fluid portion– transports all of the material
2. Red Blood Cells: (RBC’s)
a.Transports oxygen to body cells
b.Removes waste from body cells
3. White blood cells: (WBC’s)
a.Protect against infection; fight parasites & attack bacteria
4. Platelets: cell fragments
a.Release proteins that help clot blood
Plasma
Platelets
WBC’s
RBC’s
Blood Cells
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
MOST NUMEROUS, DISK-SHAPED,
CARRIES O2 TO ALL CELLS IN THE BODY,
HEMOGLOBIN
White blood cells (leukocytes)
LARGER IN SHAPE THAN RBC BUT
FEWER IN NUMBER, HELP FIGHTS DISEASE
Blood Vessels1. Arteries: large vessels; carry blood away from heart
a.Most arteries carry O2 rich blood
2. Veins: large blood vessels; return blood to heart
a.Have valves to keep blood from flowing backwards
3. Capillaries – smallest blood vessels
a.Bring nutrients & O2 to cells
b.Absorb CO2 & wastes from body cells
arteriesveins
capillaries
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Left Ventricle -
Right ventricle:
Superior Vena Cava AORTA
Right atrium Pulmonary
vein
Septum
Inferior Vena Cava
Bicuspid ValveTricuspid Valve
Semilunar Valve
The Heart1. Heart – muscular organ
a. 4 chambers
b. Pumps blood from heart to lungs & back to heart, to tissues throughout body
2. Septum: muscular wall in heart
a. Separates right side from left side
b. Keeps O2 poor & O2 rich blood from mixing
The Heart3. Atria – 2 upper chambers
a. Receive blood from body (right) or lungs (left) & pump blood into ventricles
4. Ventricles – 2 lower chambers
a. Pump blood out of heart to lungs (right) or aorta (left)
2 Pathways of Circulation
blood FLOW between the heart & lungs
Rt ARt Vpulmon. Artery LUNGSL A
L ALVaortabodyvena cava Rt A
a.Transports O2 poor blood to lungs and O2 rich blood back to the heart
b. Blood travels from right side of heart to lungs
How the Heart Works: Pulmonary Circulation
c. Blood picks up O2 & releases CO2 in lungsd. O2 rich blood returned to left side of heart
Blood pumped from the right side of the heart to lungs and to left side of the heart
Pathway: Pulmonary Circulation
a. O2 rich blood exits left ventricle & enters aorta
b. O2 rich blood travels through arteries then capillaries
c. O2 diffuses out of capillaries & into cells; blood picks up CO2 & other wastes
d. Veins return O2 poor blood to right side of heart (right atria)
How the Heart Works: Systemic Circulation
Blood pumped from left side of heart to the body and back to the right side of the heart.
Pathway: Systemic Circulation
Circulatory System DiseasesLeukemia: bone marrow produces abnormal
WBCs which crowd out normal WBCs, RBCs & platelets.
Hemophilia: inherited disorder; person cannot produce clotting factors and bleeds longer than normal. Also has internal bleeding, mainly into muscles & joints.
Circulatory System Diseases
High Blood Pressure: AKA hypertension
BP 140 / 90 or higher for an extended period of time. Damage to heart & blood vessels; makes it harder to pump the heart. Can lead to stroke or heart attack
SICKLE-CELL DISEASE Red Blood Cells are mis-shapened causing blood cells to “CLOG” vessels. Hereditary
Anemia - when the blood transports too little oxygen.
Arteriosclerosis: arteries become hard & brittle because calcium is deposited in their walls. Vessels become thickened & lose elasticity. Blood pressure increases & blood clots may form.