the chrono list of bad meteorites...the chrono list of bad meteorites lev a. muravyev , 1,2viktor i....

The Chrono List of Bad Meteorites1,2Lev A. Muravyev ,

1Viktor I. Grokhovsky

1Ural Federal University,2 Institute of Geophysics Ural Branch of RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia; [email protected], [email protected]

Chevrolet Malibu, 1980, damaged in 1992 by the Peekskill meteorite. The Peekskill meteorite is also interestingin that it was one of the first meteorites, whose fall was recorded by many (16) different video cameras.

Part of the roof damaged by meteorite Kunashak 11.06.1949

.

Fersman Mineralogical Museum. Russian Academy of Sciences http://old.fmm.ru/meteoritesen/kunashaken.htm

https://www.flickr.com/photos/mechanicman87/37867452704

http://www.macovich.comMacovich Collection of Meteoriteshttps://auto.bfmtv.com/actualite/cette-chevrolet-percutee-par-une-meteorite-est-exposee-a-paris-1321830.html

http://meteoritecar.com/gallery/

18 year -old Michelle Knapp had just purchased the car for $400 from her grandmother, and when she heard what sounded like a "three -car crash" in her driveway, she ran outside to investigate. Michelle called the Peekskill police who initially reported this as an act of vandalism. It was a neighbor who reasoned that vandals can't throw rocks through cars and surmised that the rock was from outer space.Days after the impact, the car was sold to Iris Lang, wife of renowned meteorite legend Al Lang, for an amount that was nearly two orders of magnitude more than what Michelle had paid. Since then, the Malibu has been on display in numerous museums throughout the world, including New York City's American Museum of Natural History and France's National Museum of Natural History.

http://meteoritecar.com/history/

A meteorite came through the roof of a house in Park Forest, a Chicago suburb, in 2003. Luckily it didn't strike anyone, but the house certainly took a hit.

Sky_and_Telescope_1993

Abstract. The problem of the asteroid-comet hazard is now being actively discussed, because the consequences of the fall of large cosmic bodies on the earth can be catastrophic and affect the survival of humanity and all living things. Fragments of smaller celestial bodies - meteorites, fall to the earth much more often, and they can also emanate a certain danger. In several papers that were published about 20 years ago, attempts were made to compile a list of events related to the damage caused by meteorites falling from the sky. In this paper, we have systematized official information on damage caused to property or human health by meteorites, as of mid-2019. Previously published information was critically revised. The key criterion was the data of meteoritic bulletins and catalogs of extraterrestrial material collected at the crash site and studied. The work carried out will allow to assess how this threat is significant for humanity.

Materials and methods. We have systematized the available official information on cases of damage to property or human health by an extraterrestrial substance, in order to assess whether this threat is significant to humanity. The first work aimed at the same goal was carried out by Lewis at 1996 [1], who compiled a table of cases of damage caused by meteorites, based on the preprint of Yao et al. [2] and media information. A similar table was compiled in Russia [3]. In it, the reports of a significant number of victims cited by Lewis are critically reviewed, and the information about similar cases in Russia / USSR from sources [4, 5] is added.

For the first recorded incident of damage by a meteorite, we take a record [6] of a Franciscan monk killed by a meteorite in 1654 (according to the British Museum meteorite catalog [7]). This catalog was taken as the basis for the search and verification of information about the fall of "bad" meteorites before 1966. Later data were checked for regular releases of the official Meteoritical Bulletin, available online [8].

We selected reports of direct damage to buildings (for example, a roof was punched), or property (for example, a car), or damage caused to persons or animals. In compiling our table, we critically analyzed the previous data mentioned above, and also used sources [9, 10]. It should be mentioned about many cases when a meteorite fell directly near a person (up to 1 meter, as for the Thika meteorite in Kenya, 2011), but since there was no harm, these messages are not included in the table. Also not included are reports of meteorites falling on agricultural fields, edges of roads, football fields, etc. Also, the table does not include the Tunguska cosmic phenomenon, due to the absence of the detected meteoric substance.

Results and discussion. Systematized information about these events was published by us in Russian in 2008 [11]. It was concluded that for the entire time of registration of meteorite falls only a few dozen cases of cosmic substances penetrating the human environment were recorded. There are several unreliable cases of a meteorite hitting a person, but most often meteorites fall into the rooftops, causing local damage of different buildings. At that time, we could conclude that there is practically no danger from falling meteorites. This would further doubt the reports cited in the work of the Yao of the numerous destructions and the thousands of victims of meteorites, according to the chronicles in ancient China.

The fall of the Chelyabinsk meteorite significantly changed the picture at that time. Unprecedented destruction occurred as a result of the shock wave. A lot of windows were broken in the regional center Chelyabinsk and nearby settlements. People were injured by glass fragments. According to media reports, a total of 1,613 people came to the hospitals of the Chelyabinsk region with wounds, of which 69 were

hospitalized. The roof is damaged and the brick wall of the warehouse of the zinc plant is destroyed. The damage described was not the result of exposure to a meteorite directly, but is relates to its flight in the atmosphere. So Chelyabinsk meteorite should certainly be included in the list, and work on the list of "bad" meteorites should be continued.

Here we present a table with information on such cases until May 2019. The information presented earlier was again critically revised and re-checked. As having historical value, we have kept several records officially (in the bulletin) recognized as doubtful. The main criterion for inclusion in the table was a substance collected at the site of the fall, which was subsequently investigated and registered. This confirms the indication of the type of meteorite for each record. For each entry, the source from the list of references or the number of the meteorite bulletin (abbreviation MB with its number). Doubtful in the "type" column means dubious meteorite nature. dbt in the Description column means doubting the veracity of the given report about the circumstances of the find.

References1. Lewis JS. Rain of iron and ice. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. 1996 IBSN 02014895032. Yau K, Wiessman P, Yeomans D. Prepring of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology); 1993.3. Boyarchuk AA. Ugroza s neba: rok ili sluchainost'? Opasnost' stolknoveniya Zemli s asteroidami, kometami i meteoroidami. M.: Kosmosinform, 1999. [Boyarchuk AA. Threat from the sky: rock or accident? The danger of a collision of the Earth with asteroids, comets and meteoroids. Moscow: Cosmosinform, 1999. (In Russ.)]4. Fedynskii V. Nebesnye kamni-meteority i meteory. M.: Pravda; 1950. [Fedynsky V. Heavenly rocks-meteorites and meteors. Moscow: Pravda; 1950. (In Russ.)]5. Astapovich IS. Komety, meteory, zatmeniya. M.: Mosk. planetarii, 1941. [Astapovich IS. Comets, meteors, eclipses. Moscow: Moscow Planetarium; 1941. (In Russ.)]6. Schulz B. Steine, die vom Himmel fallen. Wittenberg, Zienisen Verlag; 1956.7. Hey MH. Catalogue of meteorites. 3rd ed. London: British Museum; 1966.8. The Meteoritical Bulletin. https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/. Accessed 21 May 2019.9. Siber HJ. Meteorite & Megakatastrophen. Sonderdchau des Sauriermuseum Aathal.10. Spratt CE. Possible hazards of meteorite falls. J Roy. Astron. Soc. Can., V.85, N.5, 199111. Grokhovskii VI, Murav'ev LA. Khronolist "zlykh" meteoritov. Geologicheskie opasnosti. Arkhangel'sk, IEPS ANTs UrO RAN; 2009. ss. 315-319 [Grokhovsky VI, Muravyev LA. Chrono list of "evil" meteorites. Geological Hazards. Arkhangelsk: IEPA ANC UB RAS; 2009. pp.315-319. (In Russ.)]

Conclusions. To date (June 2019), 122 bad meteorites have been recorded in meteoritic catalogs; 9 of them are doubtful records we left in the table as having historical value. There are 6 cases of a meteorite killing animals (2 of them are doubtful). 1 certain case of a meteorite hitting human (Sylacauga, not fatal) and once man was stunned by meteorite (Nedagolla, 1870). As a result of the shock wave caused by the Chelyabinsk meteorite, many people were injured by fragments of broken windows. There is also a report that a fragment of the Mbalé meteorite hit a person. 6 meteorites damaged cars.

The main number of bad meteorites hit individual residential buildings: 66; several buildings in one fall: 14, or structures (non-residential buildings, garages, barns, stables, greenhouses, etc.) - 22 cases. Of course, we can not exclude that other events listed on the Lewis [1] and Yau [2] lists also took place, but the absence of extraterrestrial matter does not make it definitively convinced.

If we take the total number of recorded meteorite falls [8] over 1300 (falls, not including finds), then in about every tenth visible fall, the meteoritic substance directly affects a person and his property.

№ Date Name Place Type FallHarmful

specimen

1 04.09.1511 Crema Lombardia,

ItalyDoubtful meteorite

shwr several

2 04.09.1654 Milan ItalyDoubtful meteorite

{?} -

3 24.07.1790 Barbotan Aquitaine,

FranceH5 shwr -

4 19.12.1798 Benares (a)Uttar Pradesh,

IndiaLL4 shwr 0,9 kg

5 13.12.1803 MässingBayern,Germany

Howardite U -

6 05.09.1812 BorodinoMoscow,Russia

H5 U 0,5 kg

7 16.01.1825 Oriang Rajasthan,

IndiaDoubtful meteorite

{?} -

8 16.02.1827 MhowUttar Pradesh,

IndiaL6 4-5 pcs? 2 psc

9 11.11.1836 MacauRio Grande do Norte,

Brazil H5 shwr several

10 14.07.1847 BraunauKrálovéhradecký, Czech Republic

IIAB 2 pcs -

11 09.12.1858 AussonMidi-Pyrenees,

FranceL5 2 pcs -

12 01.05.1860 New ConcordOhio,

United StatesL6 shwr -

13 08.08.1868 Pillistfer Estonia EL6 4 pcs -

14 23.01.1870 NedagollaAndhra Pradesh,

IndiaIron,

ungroupedU 4.53 kg

15 16.02.1876 JudesegeriKarnataka,

IndiaH6 U -

16 19.11.1881 GrossliebenthalOdessa,Ukraine

L6 U 8 kg

17 22.09.1893 ZabrodjeVitebsk,Belarus

L6 U 3800 g

18 05.08.1898 Andover Maine,

United StatesL6 U -

19 04.11.1906 Diep RiverWestern Cape, South

AfricaL6 U 0,9 kg

20 16.06.1911 Kilbourn Wisconsin,

United StatesH5 shwr 770 g

21 28.06.1911 NakhlaAl Buhayrah,

EgyptMartian

(nakhlite)shwr -

22 19.07.1912 HolbrookArizona,

United StatesL/LL6 shwr -

23 18.01.1916 Baxter Missouri,

United StatesL6 U 611 g

24 03.12.1917 StrathmoreScotland,

United KingdomL6 U -

25 30.06.1918 RichardtonNorth Dakota, United

StatesH5 shwr -

26 31.12.1921 BeyroutBayrut,Lebanon

LL3.8 U 1100 g

27 02.04.1936 YurtukZaporozh'ye,

UkraineHowardite several 509 g

28 31.03.1938 KasamatsuChubu,Japan

H U 710 g

29 16.06.1938 PantarCentral Mindanao,

PhilippinesH5 shwr several

30 24.06.1938 ChicoraPennsylvania,United States

LL6 2 pcs -

31 29.09.1938 BenldIllinois,

United StatesH6 U 1770,5 g

32 11.06.1949 KunashakChelyabinsk region,

RussiaL6 shwr -

33 21.09.1949 BeddgelertWales,

United KingdomH5 U 794.05 g

34 20.11.1949 KochiShikoku,Japan

Doubtful meteorite

U 1.6 g

35 23.05.1950 MadhipuraBihar,India

L U 8 sm diam

36 20.09.1950 MurrayKentucky,

United StatesCM2 shwr several

37 10.12.1950 St. LouisSt. Louis, Missouri,

United StatesH4 U 1 kg

38 01.11.1954 SylacaugaAlabama,

United StatesH4 2 pcs 1.57 kg

39 19.02.1956 SinnaiSardinia,

ItalyH6 U 2 kg

40 29.02.1956 CentervilleSouth Dakota, United

StatesH5 U 45.6 g

41 13.10.1959 HamletIndiana,

United StatesLL4 U 2.045 kg

42 23.02.1961 Ras TanuraAsh Sharqiyah,Saudi Arabia

H6 U 1.6 g

43 09.09.1961 BellsTexas,

United StatesC2-ung shwr -

44 26.04.1962 KielSchleswig-Holstein,

GermanyL6 U 737.6 g

45 24.12.1965 BarwellEngland,

United KingdomL5 shwr -

46 17.07.1967 DenverColorado,


47 14.08.1967 BuritizalSao Paulo,

BrazilLL3.2 3 pcs three

48 12.04.1968 SchenectadyNew York,

United StatesH5 U 283 g

49 10.08.1968 PiancaldoliEmilia-Romagna,

ItalyL3.4 3 pcs 3, sum 13 g

50 25.04.1969 Bovedy (Belfast)North Ireland,

United KingdomL3 3 pcs -

51 07.08.1969 AndreevkaUkraine,

USSRL3 U 600 g

52 16.09.1969 Suchy DulKrálovéhradecký,Czech Republic

L6 U 840 g

53 28.09.1969 MurchisonVictoria,Australia

CM2 shwr 680.2 g

54 between 1945

and 1970Wernigerode

Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

H5 U 24.3 g

55 February1971 ?

TintignyLuxembourg,

BelgiumEucrite, polymict

shwr several

56 08.04.1971Wethersfield

(1971)Connecticut,United States

L6 U 350 g

57 02.08.1971 HaveroTurku Ja Pori,

FinlandUreilite U 1544 g

58 15.10.1972 ValeraTrujillo,

VenezuelaL5 U 50 kg

59 15.03.1973San Juan

CapistranoCalifornia,

United StatesH6 2 pcs 50.5 g

60 27.10.1973 Canon CityColorado,

United StatesH6 U 1.4 kg

61 18.08.1974 NaraghEsfahan,

IranH6 U 2.7 kg

62 31.01.1977 LouisvilleKentucky,

United StatesL6 4 pcs

4 pcs, sum 1.3 kg

63 Found 1978

OctoberWalnut Hill

Maine,United States

OC U 220 g

64 13.05.1981 SalemOregon,


65 12.10.1982Wethersfield

(1982) Connecticut,United States

L6 U -

66 30.06.1984 AomoriTohoku,Japan

L6 U 320 g

67 22.08.1984 TomiyaTohoku,Japan

H4/5 2 pcs19.2 g, 8.3 g

68 10.12.1984 ClaxtonGeorgia,


69 06.01.1985 La CriollaEntre Rios,Argentina

L6 shwr -

70 29.04.1986 SayamaKanto,Japan

CM2 U 430 g

71 29.07.1986 KokubunjiShikoku, Japan

L6 11 pcs several

72 01.03.1988 TrebbinBrandenburg,

GermanyLL6 U 1250 g

73 18.05.1988 TorinoPiemonte,

ItalyH6 several -

74 15.08.1989 SixiangkouJiangsu,China

L5 4 pcs -

75 07.04.1990 Glanerburg Netherlands L/LL5 U 670 g

76 04.09.1990 BurnwellKentucky,

United StatesH4-an U 1.504 kg

77 14.08.1992 MbaleEastern,Uganda

L5/6 shwr several

78 09.10.1992 PeekskillNew York,


79 10.12.1992 MihonosekiChugoku,

JapanL6 U 6.38 kg

80 20.10.1994 ColemanMichigan,


81 18.02.1995 NeagariChubu,Japan

L6 U 420 g

82 07.01.1996 TsukubaKanto,Japan

H5-6 shwr -

83 21.10.1996 Turtle LakeWisconsin,

United StatesL5 U 89.3 g

84 15.02.1997 JuanchengShandong,

ChinaH5 shwr -

85 01.09.1997 WordenMichigan,


86 31.12.1997 VissannapetaAndhra Pradesh,

IndiaEucrite-cm U 1304 g

87 13.06.1998 Portales Valley New Mexico,United States

H6 shwr 530 g

88 26.09.1999 KobeKinki,Japan

CK4 U 136 g

89 14.12.1999 DunboganNew South Wales,

AustraliaL6 U 30 g

90 February

2002Alby sur Chéran Haute Savoie, France

Eucrite-mmict

U 252 g

91 20.02.2002 San MicheleMarche,

ItalyL6 U 237 g

92 July 2002 DongyangZhejiang,

ChinaH5 U 230 g

93 01.02.2003 HiroshimaChugoku,

JapanH5 U 414 g

94 23.09.2003 New OrleansLouisiana,


95 14.07.2006 MossØstfold,Norway

CO3.6 shwr 676 g

96 31.07.2006 JodiyaGujarat,

IndiaL5 shwr several

97 21.02.2007 MahadevpurArunachal Pradesh,

IndiaH4/5 shwr 3.4 kg

98 06.07.2007 CaliValle del Cauca,

ColombiaH/L4 shwr several

99 22.09.2007San Juan de

OcotánJalisco,Mexico

L5 U 1365 g

100 10.01.2008 SokotoSokoto,Nigeria

IIIAB U 30 kg

101 12.04.2008 XinglongquanHebei,China

L3 2 pcs >2 kg

102 01.03.2009 CartersvilleGeorgia,


103 26.09.2009 GrimsbySouthern Ontario,

CanadaH5 shwr 46 g

104 18.01.2010 LortonVirginia,

United StatesL6 U 329.7 g

105 14.04.2010 MifflinWisconsin,

United StatesL5 shwr 7.4 g

106 30.04.2011 SołtmanyWarmińsko-

mazurskie, PolandL6 U 1066 g

107 13.06.2011 DraveilIle-del-France,

FranceH5 shwr 206 g

108 16.07.2011 ThikaKiambu County,

KenyaL6 shwr several

109 17.10.2012 NovatoCalifornia,

United StatesL6 4 pcs 61.9 g

110 15.02.2013 ChelyabinskChelyabinsk region,

RussiaLL5 shwr several

111 19.04.2013 WolcottConnecticut,United States

L5 U 838 g

112 23.04.2013 BraunschweigNiedersachsen,

GermanyL6 shwr several

113 09.12.2013 ParauapebasPara,Brazil

H4-5 U 272 g

114 09.05.2014 JinjuGyeongsangnam-do,

South KoreaH5 shwr 9 kg

115 27.06.2015 FameninHamadan,

IranH/L3 U 24 g

116 02.09.2015 SariçiçekBingol,Turkey

Howardite shwr several

117 06.02.2016 EjbyHovedstaden,

DenmarkH5/6 shwr 6.5 kg

118 11.01.2017Broek in

WaterlandNoord-Holland,

NetherlandsL6 U 0.5 kg

119 Found

17.07.2017Dueodde Denmark H5 U 75 g

120 01.06.2018 ManguiYunnan,China

L6 shwr -

121 26.09.2018 KomakiChubu,Japan

L6 several several

122 23.04.2019 Aguas ZarcasAlajuela,

Costa RicaCM2 shwr several

Description Source

killed birds, sheep, and a man (dbt) [3, 7]

killed a monk (dbt) [3, 7]

crushed cottage, killed farmer and some cattle (dbt)

[1, 10]

building[7, 9, 10]

building struck [1, 10]

observed by a soldier on guard [7]

killed a men and injured a women (dbt)

[3, 7]

wounded a man (dbt)[3, 7, 9,

10]

killing several cattle (dbt)[7, 9, 10]

roof of a house [1, 10]

building hit [1, 10]

killed a colt[7, 9, 10]


man stunned [1, 3]

fell in the bed of tank [7, 10]

man injured (dbt) [1, 3]

roof of a house [7, 9]

brick wall[9], [10]

roof of a house (probably) [7, 10]

roof of a barn[7, 9, 10], f

killed a dog[7, 9, 10]


roof of a house[7, 9, 10]



roof of a hut[7, 9, 10]



many roofs [7, 10]

a cow injured [7, 9]

garage roof[7, 9, 10]

roof of the grain dryer [3]

hotel's roof[7, 9, 10]

window (dbt) [7, 9], f

roof of shed [7, 10]

several buildings [1, 10]

car [1]

fell through the roof, hit a women[3, 7, 9, 10], f

roof and floor MB10

aluminium roof and a corn planter [7, 10]

struck a house [7, 10]

loading dock struck [1, 10]

struck roof of house [10]

made a hole in the roof of a house[7, 9, 10], f

two buildings and a car [1, 10]

warehouse roof[9, 10], MB44

found in the stable MB105

building's roof[9, 10], MB44

three fragments were found on the roof of a house

MB51

building [10]

slate roof of a house[10], MB54

struck the roof of a house[10], MB48

several stones penetrated a building's roof

[9, 10], MB48

was found in the attic of a house MB86

roof of the barn MB107

fell through the roof of the house [9, 10], MB50

fell through the roof of a storehouse[10], MB51

a cow killed MB85

penetrated the aluminum sheeting roof of a carport

[9, 10], MB53

fell through the roof of a garage[9, 10], MB52

fell through the roof of a school laboratory

[10], MB53

damaged buildings[10], MB50

made a hole in the roof of a shed MB75

fell onto the roof of a house[10], MB60

fragments were recovered after falling through the roof of a house

[9, 10], MB62, f

penetrated the zinc roof of a printing shop

[10], MB63

fall on the veranda of a house[10], MB63

metal mail box[10],

MB63, f

farmhouse roof pierced, door smashed [1, 10]

was found near the porch of the house MB85

several buildings hit[1, 10], MB67

greenhouse struck[1, 10], MB67


hit the roof of a house[10], MB69

fell on the roof of a house MB70

fell through the porch MB82

several buildings, boy struck on head[9],

MB75, f

car[9],

MB75, f

roof and floor MB75

penetrated the roof of a house MB80

trunk of a car MB78

penetrated a roof MB80

car MB93

penetrated a roof and landed in a pot on a stove

MB82

garage MB85

fell with a loud thud on the roof MB84

barn roof and wall MB83

penetrated the roof of the house, material fell on a bed

MB84

a stone crashed through the roof and the ceiling of living room

MB85

was found in a hole in the roof of a building

MB88

building's roof MB89

finder noticed that his roof was leaking and a black stone on the floor

MB102

discovered by workers searching for the cause of a leaking roof

MB87

crashed through the two-story house MB88

land on an aluminum sheet MB91

many roofs MB94

fell through the roof of a house and into the living room

MB94

many roofs MB93

building struck MB104

destroyed the roof of the house (newspapaer report) MB107

penetrated a roof and landed in the floor of the house

MB104

roof, joist, ceiling, door, bedroom's floor of the house

MB104

car MB97

fell through the roof and ceiling of the Family Practice

MB99

hit the metal roof of a shed MB99

penetrated a roof and onto a concrete step at a farm

MB100

several roofs of buildings were damaged

MB102

building and greenhouses MB100

building's and garage's roof MB103

many people were wounded by broken windows, buildings damaged

MB102

building's roof and copper pipe MB103

concrete pavement MB102

building's roof and (doubtfully) woman MB107

made a hole in the roof of the greenhouse

MB103

roof was damaged and fragments of a stone were spread on the roof

MB104

small meteorites were heard raining down on houses

MB105

was found on the tiles in front of a house

MB105

roof of a garden shed MB106

roof of the annex of their summerhouse

MB107

broke through a farmer’s silt-roofed house

MB107

several buildings MB108

a house and a dog house hit MB108

This Weird Meteorite Crashed Through a Doghouse in Costa Rica. (The Dog's Fine)

The recent case:

young Ugandan boyA was hitby specimenon the head a small .

Mbale, 14.08.1992

Mihonoseki, 10.12.1992

Jay Leviton/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Imageshttps://allthatsinteresting.com/ann-hodges-meteorite

The hole made by the meteorite that crashed through Ann Hodges roof.

Ann Hodges’ doctor shows off her bruise, caused by the meteorite.

The Only Person who was undoubtedly Hit By A Meteorite

Ann was sleeping on her couch, covered by quilts, when a softball-size hunk of black rock broke through the ceiling, bounced off a radio, and hit her in the thigh, leaving a pineapple-shaped bruise.

The effects of the shock wave from the meteorite Chelyabinsk

https://www.space.com/clay-meteorite-that-fell-through-doghouse-recovered.html

wooden roof of the shed, punched bythe Kilburn meteorite, 1911, USA

The first photo of bad meteorite

buildingColors in the table

structureanimalhuman

carmany

doubtful

the chrono list of bad meteorites...the chrono list of bad meteorites lev a. muravyev , 1,2viktor i....

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