the chemistry of acids and bases. acids and bases: characteristics at the conclusion of our time...

Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics

At the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the

characteristics of acids and bases

Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be Hopefully, when we get done, you won’t be in this much trouble!!in this much trouble!!

Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.

React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gasReact with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas..

React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide gascarbon dioxide gas

Have a bitter taste.Have a bitter taste.

Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.

Bases

Kid’s Letters Kid’s Letters to God:to God:

Produce HProduce H++ (as H (as H33OO++) ions in water (the ) ions in water (the

hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a

water molecule)water molecule)

Taste sour, Corrode metals, ElectrolytesTaste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes

React with bases to form a salt and waterReact with bases to form a salt and water

pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red

“Blue to Red A-CID”“Blue to Red A-CID”

Produce OHProduce OH-- ions in water ions in water

Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytesTaste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes

Feel soapy, slipperyFeel soapy, slippery

React with acids to form salts and waterReact with acids to form salts and water

pH greater than 7pH greater than 7

Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”Turns red litmus paper to blue “Basic Blue”

How Are a Texas Tornado And a How Are a Texas Tornado And a Tennessee Divorce The Same?Tennessee Divorce The Same?

Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.

Acids and Bases: Acids and Bases: CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Let’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Give examples of acids and bases2. List some properties of acids and bases3. Compare and contrast the

characteristics of acids and bases

Get Your Clicker!!!

Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of an acid?characteristic of an acid?

1.1. Tastes sourTastes sour

2.2. pH is lower than 7pH is lower than 7

3.3. Reacts with a base to Reacts with a base to form salt and waterform salt and water

4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue

5.5. Produces H+ ions in Produces H+ ions in waterwater

6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct

Which of the following is not a Which of the following is not a characteristic of a base?characteristic of a base?

1.1. Tastes bitterTastes bitter

2.2. pH is higher than 7pH is higher than 7

3.3. Reacts with an acid to Reacts with an acid to form salt and waterform salt and water

4.4. Turns litmus paper blueTurns litmus paper blue

5.5. Produces OH- ions in Produces OH- ions in waterwater

6.6. All answers are correctAll answers are correct

Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or

ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Naming AcidsNaming Acids

Binary Acids:Binary Acids: Contain “H” and one other elementContain “H” and one other element

To Name:To Name:Hydro + second element name + ic + acidHydro + second element name + ic + acid

Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acidHydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

HF = HF = Hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric acid

Prefix

Hydro-

Stem or root of nonmetal

< NM >

Suffix

-ic acid

HCl Hydro

HI Hydro

HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal

chlor ic acid

iod ic acid

H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid

Naming Acids (cont.)Naming Acids (cont.)

Ternary Acids (oxyacids):Ternary Acids (oxyacids): Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementContain “H”, “O” and one more element

To Name:To Name:Polyatomic ion “ate” Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid

Ex:Ex: HNOHNO3 3 == Nitr-ate Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acidNitric acidNitric acid

HClOHClO3 3 ==

Chloric acidChloric acid An easy way to remember which goes with An easy way to remember which goes with

which…which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”


If the acid has one more oxygen than the root If the acid has one more oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid “ic” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNOHNO44 = Per + Nitr-ate = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acid ic + acid

Pernitric acidPernitric acid

HH22SOSO55 = =

Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid


If the acid has one less oxygen than the root If the acid has one less oxygen than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNOHNO22 = Nitr-ite = Nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acid

Nitrous acidNitrous acid

HH22SOSO33 = =

Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid


If the acid has two less oxygens than the root If the acid has two less oxygens than the root acid, the naming goes as follows:acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid “ous” + acid

Ex: Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acid ous + acidHyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid

HClO = HClO = Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid

Anion Ending Acid Name

-ide hydro-(stem)-ic acid

-ate (stem)-ic acid

-ite (stem)-ous acid

No OxygenNo Oxygen

w/Oxygen w/Oxygen

““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something IC ICky”ky”

h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing

2 e le m e n ts

-a te e nd ingb e co m es-ic e nd ing

-ite e nd ingb e co m es

-o u s e nd ing

n o h yd ro - p re fix

3 e le m e n ts

A C ID Ss ta rt w ith 'H '

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

• HBr HBr (aq)(aq)

• HH22COCO33

• HH22SOSO33

hydrohydrobrombromicic

acidacid

carboncarbonicic acid acid

sulfursulfurousous acid acid

HI HI (aq)(aq)

HCl HCl (aq)(aq)

HH22SOSO33

HNOHNO33

HClOHClO44

Hydroiodic acid

Hydrochloric acid

Sulfurous acid

Nitric acid

Perchloric acid

Practicing Naming All AcidsPracticing Naming All Acids

Formula Binary or Ternary

Name

HCl B

HI B

HNO2T

H2SO5T

H3PO2T

H4C B

Hydrochloric acid

Nitrous acid

Persulfuric acid

Hypophosphorous acid

Hydrocarbonic acid

Hydroiodic acid

Chemical Compound QuizChemical Compound Quiz

Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common

name?

Bleach

Naming BasesNaming Bases

Name the metal firstName the metal first Add hydroxideAdd hydroxide

Ex:Ex: NaOH = NaOH = Sodium hydroxideSodium hydroxide

KOH = KOH =

Potassium hydroxidePotassium hydroxide

NaOHNaOH sodium hydroxide, lyesodium hydroxide, lye

KOHKOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soappotassium hydroxide, liquid soap

Ba(OH)Ba(OH)22 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics barium hydroxide, stabilizer for plastics

Mg(OH)Mg(OH)22 magnesium hydroxide “MOM” magnesium hydroxide “MOM”

Milk of magnesiaMilk of magnesia

Al(OH)Al(OH)33 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)

Tell you what, I’ll follow you!!

Practice Naming BasesPractice Naming Bases

Formula Name

NaOH

Fe(OH)3

Mg(OH)2

Ni(OH)2

NH4OH

Sodium hydroxide

Iron (III) hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Nickel (II) hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide

Acids and Bases: NamingAcids and Bases: NamingLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:

1. Name any acid or base 2. Determine if the acid is binary or

ternary (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

Pass the Clicker!!!

Name HCl.Name HCl.

1.1. Hydrogen chlorideHydrogen chloride

2.2. Hydrochloric acidHydrochloric acid

3.3. Chloric acidChloric acid

4.4. Perchloric acidPerchloric acid

5.5. Chlorous acidChlorous acid

6.6. Hypochlorus acidHypochlorus acid

7.7. I have no idea!!I have no idea!!

8.8. Who cares??Who cares??

Name HClO.Name HClO.









Name HClOName HClO33..









Forgetter Be Forgotten?Forgetter Be Forgotten?

My forgetter's getting better,My forgetter's getting better,But my rememberer is brokeBut my rememberer is brokeTo you that may seem funnyTo you that may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.But, to me, that is no joke.

For when I'm 'here' I'm For when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingwondering

If I really should be 'there'If I really should be 'there'And, when I try to think it And, when I try to think it

through,through,I haven't got a prayer!I haven't got a prayer!


Oft times I walk into a room,Oft times I walk into a room,Say 'what am I here for?'Say 'what am I here for?'

I wrack my brain, but all in I wrack my brain, but all in vain!vain!

A zero, is my score.A zero, is my score.

At times I put something awayAt times I put something awayWhere it is safe, but, Gee!Where it is safe, but, Gee!The person it is safest fromThe person it is safest from

Is, generally, me!Is, generally, me!


When shopping I may see When shopping I may see someone,someone,

Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the person walks Then, when the person walks

awayawayI ask myself, 'who the hell was I ask myself, 'who the hell was

that?that?

Yes, my forgetter's getting betterYes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile my rememberer is broke,While my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb crazyAnd it's driving me plumb crazy

And that isn't any joke.And that isn't any joke.







6.6. Hypochlorous acidHypochlorous acid



Name HName H22SOSO44

1.1. Hydrogen SulfateHydrogen Sulfate

2.2. Hydrosulfuric acidHydrosulfuric acid

3.3. Sulfuric acidSulfuric acid

4.4. Persulfuric acidPersulfuric acid

5.5. Sulfurous acidSulfurous acid

6.6. Hyposulfurous acidHyposulfurous acid



Name HName H33POPO33

1.1. Hydrogen phosphiteHydrogen phosphite

2.2. Hydrophosphic acidHydrophosphic acid

3.3. Phosphoric acidPhosphoric acid

4.4. Perphosphic acidPerphosphic acid

5.5. Phosphorous acidPhosphorous acid

6.6. Hypophosphorous acidHypophosphorous acid



1.1. Hydrogen NitriteHydrogen Nitrite

2.2. Hydronitric acidHydronitric acid

3.3. Nitric acidNitric acid

4.4. Pernitric acidPernitric acid

5.5. Nitrous acidNitrous acid

6.6. Hyponitrous acidHyponitrous acid



Name HNO.Name HNO.

Name Sr(OH)Name Sr(OH)22

1.1. Strontium (II) HydroxideStrontium (II) Hydroxide

2.2. Strontium Oxygen Strontium Oxygen HydrogenHydrogen

3.3. Strontium OxyhydrideStrontium Oxyhydride

4.4. Strontium HydroxideStrontium Hydroxide

5.5. Strontinoic AcidStrontinoic Acid

6.6. Strontium DihydroxideStrontium Dihydroxide

7.7. Not listedNot listed

Name Fe(OH)Name Fe(OH)33

1.1. Iron (III) HydroxideIron (III) Hydroxide

2.2. Iron HydroxideIron Hydroxide

3.3. Ironic AcidIronic Acid

4.4. Iron (I) HydroxideIron (I) Hydroxide

5.5. Iron OxyhydrideIron Oxyhydride

6.6. Not listedNot listed

Hittite Innovations:Hittite Innovations:

the chemistry of acids and bases. acids and bases: characteristics at the conclusion of our time...

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