the changing role of architects in a built environment...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Changing Role of Architects in a Built Environment (trending) NZE
NBI Getting to Zero National Forum: A Presentation by Clark Brockman, SERA Architects September 17, 2013
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PHOTO CREDIT: AMATERIA1121
PORTLAND OREGON
POPULATION: 603,106 (METRO: 2,226,009)
LATITUDE: 45.5236° N
METRO LAND AREA: ~770 Square Miles
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
Data Source: TMY3 726980 WMO Station Number
Location: Portland Intl. Airport
CLIMATE PORTLAND - TEMPERATURE / HUMIDITY
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
HO
UR
S
TEMPERATURE (F)
CLIMATE PORTLAND TEMPERATURE BINS (6AM-7PM, M-F)
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WHY BUILDINGS? Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Source: Architecture 2030, based on statistics from Energy Information Administration
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ARCHITECTURE 2030 REDUCTIONS IN BUILDING FOSSIL FUEL USE
http://architecture2030.org/the_solution/solution_energy
Source: Architecture 2030, based on statistics from
Energy Information Administration
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AIA 2030 COMMITMENT
http://network.aia.org/2030Commitment/Home/
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SERA 2011 EUI REPORTING
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SHADES OF GREEN
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http://living-future.org/
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ENERGY USE PREDICTED vs. ACTUAL (121 LEED BUILDINGS)
PREDICTED vs. ACTUAL ENERGY USE OF LEED BUILDINGS Source: New Buildings Institute: Energy
Performance of LEED NC Buildings, 2008
“ESSENTIALLY, ALL MODELS ARE WRONG, BUT SOME ARE USEFUL” - George E.P. Box Gravesend, Kent, U.K.
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ENERGY USE REALITY
REMEMBER,
BUILDINGS DON’T
USE ENERGY,
PEOPLE DO.
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
ENERGY USE PREDICTED vs. ACTUAL
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STATE ENERGY CODES NEED MORE CONSISTENCY
AS OF NOV. 1, 2011
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REPORTING ENERGY USE REPORTING LABELS
EU DISPLAY ENERGY CERTIFICATE zEPI SCALE USA ASHRAE BUILDING ENERGY QUOTIENT
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
REPORTING REQUIRED ENERGY USE REPORTING
NEW YORK CITY AUGUST 2011
WASHINGTON, DC OCTOBER 2011
SEATTLE OCTOBER 2011
CALIFORNIA 2012
AUSTIN JUNE 2012
SAN FRANCISCO OCTOBER 2011
PHILADELPHIA JUNE 2013
WASHINGTON 2011-2013
REQUIRED ENERGY USE REPORTING FOR COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
MINNEAPOLIS MAY 2014
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
OUTCOME BASED CODES FOCUSED ON ACTUAL PERFORMANCE
CURRENT CODES
MEET PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS
OUTCOME BASED CODES
MEET PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
2030 CHALLENGE
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT (EISA)
LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE LEED
RESTORATIVE BUILDINGS
LAW BREAKING BUILDINGS
NET ZERO ENERGY CERTIFICATION
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EDITH GREEN- WENDELL WYATT
FEDERAL BUILDING
THE NEXT STAGE OF
THE JOURNEY: Commissioning and
Performance-Based
Occupancy and Operations
June 7, 2013
GSA Region 10 Update
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CUTLER ANDERSON ASSOCIATES STANTEC INTERFACE PAE KPFF ATELIER DREISEITL
BENSON McKINSTRY DYNALECTRIC OTIS NUPRECON
Owner: GSA
A/E Team: SERA ARCHITECTS
CMc Team: HOWARD S WRIGHT
PROJECT TEAM
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Energy Conservation
Requirements
LEED
Requirements
Gold Required Platinum Goal
20% Indoor potable water reduction 50% Outdoor potable water reduction
Water Conservation
Requirements Energy Star
Requirements
55% Fossil fuel reduction
30% Energy usage reduction
30% Solar thermal
Score goal: 97
ARRA and EISA MINIMUM PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
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77 – 83 Existing EGWW building (437,777 sf)
34 – 36 +/- 15% Renovated EGWW target range
ENERGY GOAL
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o 20
Transform a 512,400 square foot, 18-story, 1974 office building into a LEED Platinum cornerstone of GSA’s green building portfolio.
BUDGET: $ 141,000,000
ANALYSIS BUIDLING ORIENTATION
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June 21
5 pm
June 21
4 pm
June 21
3 pm
June 21
2 pm
June 21
1 pm
June 21
12 pm
June 21
11 am
June 21
10 am
June 21
9 am
June 21
8 am
ENVELOPE STUDY SURROUNDING BUILDINGS
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East Elevation
10 am
South Elevation
2 pm
West Elevation
4 pm
North Elevation
8 am
March / September
June
December
Shaded Area
ENVELOPE STUDY SHADING FROM ADJACENT BUILDINGS
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41%
47%
57%
A B C
88%
78%
84%
85%
72%
80%
82%
66%
76%
SHADING STUDY HELIDON TESTING
% annual shading, south facade
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41%
47%
57%
A B C
3.1 1:7
3.2 1:7
4.4 1:6
4.6 1:9
6.4 1:6
6.5 1:5
5.2 1:9
5.2 1:8
7.5 1:7
DAYLIGHT STUDY ARTIFICAL SKY
Daylight Factor min/max ratio 16 ft perimeter zone
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A
B
East 80%
South 85%
3.2 ave. daylight factor
East 72%
South 72%
6.4 ave. daylight factor
A
B
East 80%
South 85%
3.2 ave. daylight factor
East 72%
South 72%
6.4 ave. daylight factor
East 82%
South 80%
5.2 ave. daylight factor C
Thermal analysis
• Percentage glazing
• Shading
Daylight analysis
• Surrounding buildings shading
• Building integrated shading
• Interior light quality
• Energy savings
Ongoing Studies
• Energy Sensitivity Analysis
STUDY RESULTS A HYBRID SOLUTION
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REEDS ON EAST FAÇADE
DATA DRIVEN DESIGN FROM STUDY TO DESIGN TO CONSTRUCTION
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Summer mid-day
sun (high angle)
Equinox morning
sun (lower angle)
Daylighting Light shelves bounce light 16ft. into interior
Well-Insulated Wall
Low Glazing to Wall Ratio 40% glazing
Low Infiltration Rate 0.06 CFM
DESIGN/ANALYSIS EAST & SOUTH ELEVATION STRATEGIES
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South & East Facades
Combination vertical +
horizontal shades
North Facade
No shading
West Facade
Reeds provide avg. 50%
shading
Shading reduces the heat gain on
the building minimizing the energy
needed for cooling.
DESIGN/ANALYSIS WEST ELEVATION SHADING STRATEGY
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• Reverse power flow not
permitted in downtown
network.
• 100 kW buffer required by
utility.
• Lost PV production between
15-20%
PORTLAND DOWNTOWN AREA NETWORK
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EGWW NET ELECTRICITY
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EGWW OPPORTUNITY LOST
More than 35% of possible production is lost
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NETWORKS ARE EVERYWHERE
285 US CITIES WITH POPULATION > 100,000
300
0
100
200
US
CIT
IES
WIT
H P
OP
ULA
TIO
N >
10
0,0
00
90% OR ROUGHLY 250 US CITIES
USE SECONDARY NETWORKS
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* Corrective Action Plan
AFTERCARE TUNING PERFORMANCE
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POST OCC STUDIES CBE, LBNL, M+V, MODELS and more…
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TENANT DESIGN PROCESS
CONSTRUCTION MOVE-IN DOCUMENTATION DESIGN INTENT CONFIG PLANS PROGRAMMING
PROJECT KICK-OFF: INTRODUCTION
PROJECT GOALS
DESIGN PROCESS
PROJECT GUIDELINES: SHARED AMENITIES
MODEL UNIT
51 STANDARDS
CHECK-IN: COMMITTEES
OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR
ORIENTATION
SYMPOSIUM: GEOGRAPHY
SYSTEMS
GOALS
INVOLVEMENT
WALK-
THROUGH: CONFIRM
ELEC/DATA
TENANT ORIENTATION TRAINING AND MILESTONES
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KNOW YOUR BUILDING • Design History
• Systems and Strategies
• Sustainability Goals
KNOW YOUR IMPACT • Occupant Behavior
• Shared Resources
KNOW YOUR NEIGHBORS • Property Manager
• Green Team /
Tenant Agencies
TENANT ORIENTATION TRAINING SYMPOSIUM
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BEFORE & AFTER MOVE
Survey 3 largest agencies in their
Existing Office spaces:
• First & Main Building 2010 Class-A office building
LEED-C&S Platinum
One block away from EGWW
• Robert Duncan Plaza 1991 office building
Downtown Portland
EGWW
First &
Main
First & Main Building
Robert Duncan Plaza
POST OCC EVALS OCCUPANT SATISFACTION SURVEYS
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) • Thermal Comfort
• Lighting / Daylighting
• Indoor Air Quality
• Acoustics
+ Office Layout, Furnishings & General Satisfaction
Thermal Comfort
University of California, Berkeley – Center for the Built Environment (CBE)
Air Quality
POST OCC EVALS OCCUPANT SATISFACTION SURVEYS
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INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (IEQ) • Thermal Comfort
• Electric Lighting
• Daylighting
• Indoor Air Quality
• Acoustics
CORRELATE TO DESIGN • IEQ parameters
Lighting & Daylighting Studies
Acoustics expectations
Thermal Comfort Study
• Energy model assumptions
University of California, Berkeley – Center for the Built Environment (CBE)
POST OCC EVALS PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS
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SEASONAL TUNING CALIBRATE ENERGY MODEL CONNECT TO MEASUREMENT & VERIFICATION • Tie into M&V and energy
modeling cross-walk TIE-IN WITH POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATIONS • Involvement in corrective Action
plan from occupant satisfaction
COMMISIONING ONGOING TUNING & OPTIMIZATION
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Building Natural Gas Building Electric
ENERGY END USE METERS • Major systems submetered
CORRELATE ACTUAL PERFORMANCE TO DESIGN • Cross walk to early design
energy model
CALIBRATED MODEL FOR ONGOING OPTIMIZATION WATER CALCULATOR • Potable Water Use
• Rainwater catchment & Reuse
HVAC
Lighting
Miscellaneous Plug
Solar PV
Heating (Boilers)
Domestic Hot Water
ONGOING M&V ENERGY & WATER PERFORMANCE
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OREGON SUSTAINABILITY CENTER LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE
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OSC Board:
• City of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability
• Oregon University System
• Portland State University
• Portland Development Commission
• Oregon Living Building Initiative
• Plus dozens of other organizations, researchers,
companies and others
PUBLIC / PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
DEVELOPER
ENGINEER OF RECORD
PARTNER ARCHITECTS
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT
CIVIL ENGINEER
GENERAL CONTRACTOR
NSI NATURAL
WATER TREATMENT
ENERGY MODELING
COMMISSIONING
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N
E W
S
LRT
STREETCAR
STREETCAR STOP
SITE PLAN
GRID ALIGNED 20º W OF S
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AXON STUDY
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SECTION PERSPECTIVES
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94
30
14
40
32
30
ENERGY CHALLENGE FLOOR TO ROOF AREA
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TYPICAL BUILDING
ENERGY USAGE
POTENTIAL
ASHRAE SAVINGS
Without Tenant ECMS
ENERGY USE BEFORE TENANT ENGAGEMENT
63%
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POTENTIAL
ENERGY SAVINGS
Without Tenant ECMS
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION WITH TENANT ENGAGEMENT
63% 75%
ENERGY SAVINGS
GOAL
With Tenant ECMS
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BUILDING FAÇADE
Compare to other
buildings
DEPARTMENT/OFFICE
Create inter-office
competition
INDIVIDUAL
Understand
personal
contribution
BUILDING LOBBY
Compare floors
within the building
FEEDBACK MECHANISMS “FRACTAL DASHBOARDS”
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FEEDBACK MECHANISMS INFORMATION SOURCES
BUILDING FAÇADE
Smart Grid Connections
DEPARTMENT/OFFICE
Utility Submetering
INDIVIDUAL
Plug Load Monitors (Enmetric Systems Power Port shown)
BUILDING LOBBY
Building Management System
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Knowledge and products to pursue net zero energy, net zero water, and use
local green materials
RESEARCH A LIVING LABORATORY
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OPTIMAL SCALES ENERGY
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OPTIMAL SCALES WASTE
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OPTIMAL SCALES ALL
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EcoDistricts Institute
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PILOT ROADMAP
http://www.pdxinstitute.org/index.php/publications
PoSI’s Toolkit
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http://www.sera-architects.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/documents/Making_EcoDistricts.pdf
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
LIVING BUILDING – AFTER INCENTIVES
CONTRIBUTIONS EcoDistricts Institute: http://ecodsitricts.org/
Arup: http://www.arup.com/
Sherwood Design Engineers: http://www.sherwoodengineers.com/
International Living Future Institute: http://living-future.org/
Living Building Challenge: http://tinyurl.com/Living-Building-Challenge
Living Building Challenge Financial Study: http://living-future.org/node/265
Achieving Water Independence in Buildings: http://living-future.org/node/275
Code and Regulatory Barriers to the Living Building Challenge
for Sustainable, Affordable, Residential Development (SARD):
http://tinyurl.com/Code-and-Regulatory-Barriers
Making EcoDistricts - Civic Ecology: http://www.sera-architects.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/documents/Making_EcoDistricts.pdf
AIA 2030 Challenge: http://network.aia.org/2030Commitment/Home
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Practicing Sustainability SERA ARCHITECTS, INC. © 2013
THANK YOU! Questions / More Information:
Clark Brockman [email protected]
Principal, Sustainability
SERA www.serapdx.com
Clark Brockman: http://serapdx.com/people/clark-brockman/
Sustainability Resources Group:
http://serapdx.com/services/sustainability-resources/
LinkedIn: Clark Brockman
Twitter: @clarkbrockman