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The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

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Page 1: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with

Other Discovery Tools

Karen CalhounOLA Super Conference, Session 403

February 1, 2007

Page 2: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

The Catalogue= The First Self-Service Information Tool

Page 3: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

The Way We WorkedBooksJournalsNewspapersGov docsMapsScoresAVDissertations

Special collectionsManuscriptsPapersUniv records

Journal articlesConference proceedingsEtc.

Library catalogs

Archives

Abstracting &Indexing services

Page 4: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 4

Libraries Today

Starting points: Technology-driven research, teaching and

learning User self-sufficiency (decrease in guided

access to content) Global “infosphere” Accelerating shift in information seekers’

preferences for Web-based information and multimedia formats

Page 5: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 5

A New Kind of Information Seeker

Even more self-sufficient “Most respondents indicated they have not sought help (64

percent) when using library resources”—OCLC report on perceptions of libraries, 2005

On Web Popular search engine traffic in November 2005: 5.15 BILLION

searches (& Google out front)

Expect seamless linking & instant gratification

Page 6: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Loans (All Types) – University of Toronto Central Libraries

2.6 million

2004/05

Down 30% since 1995/96

Source: http://main.library.utoronto.ca/annualreport/2005/table1b-collection-use-library-system.pdf

Page 7: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 7

A New Kind of Library

Build a vision of a new kind of library

Examine assumptions Be more involved with

research and learning materials and systems

Move to next generation systems and services

Make library collections and librarians more visible

An online social network

Page 8: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

LC Action Item 6.4: “Support research and development on the changing nature of the catalog to include consideration of a framework for its integration with other discovery tools.”

Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the Catalog and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools.  Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 17 March 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

Page 9: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 9

Objectives

Examine the issues broadly (in major research libraries)

Describe current situation Assess obstacles and feasibility Create a vision and (actionable) blueprint for

change Produce a report to elicit dialogue, collaboration,

and movement

Page 10: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 10

Methodology

Interdisciplinary literature reviewStructured interviews

23 noted library and information science professionals

A business perspective Product life cycle Competitive strategy

Page 11: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 11

Public Choice

Page 12: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 12

Some “vigorous” comments

“Fasten your seatbelts, it’s going to be a bumpy ride”—All About Eve

Page 13: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 18

The Decline of the Catalog

Users taking the bypass 89% of college students say they begin with search engines vs

2% with library Web pages One piece of a fragmented library information

landscape (and hard to use!) Principle of Least Effort Metasearch in trouble

Cataloging tradition unsustainable “Just how much do we need to continue to spend on carefully

constructed catalogs?”—Deanna Marcum, LC Associate Librarian

Page 14: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 19

The Catalog in Context, 1

Online catalogs represent one node in the scholar’s information universe

Page 15: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 20

The Catalog in Context, 2

As information systems, catalogs are hard to use

How OPACs Suck, Part 3: The Big Picture

Posted on 05/20/2006 at 10:57:26 AM

by Karen G. Schneiderhttp://www.techsource.ala.org/blog/2006/05/how-opacs-suck-part-3-the-big-picture.html

Page 16: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 21

The Catalog in Context, 3

New initiatives vie for resources (both human and financial) devoted to producing catalogs

Page 17: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

From Dempsey, Lorcan et al. 2005. “Metadata switch.” In E-Scholarship: A LITA Guide (Chicago: LITA).

Page 18: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 23

Affordability and Scalability

Expense of cataloging

Rapid growth of Web resources and digital assets

Need more than descriptive metadata

Interoperability issues

Competition for Resources to Develop New Library Services

Shrinking tech services departments

Streamlining tech services workflows

Increasing use of external sources of data; automated cataloging methods

Changes in Information-Seeking Behavior

Preference for online information

Reliance on simple keyword search

Decline of subject searching

Expectation of seamless linking

Challenges Facing Cataloging

Page 19: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 24

Availability of Catalog Librarians

LIS grads not choosing cataloging

Graying of the library profession (demographics)

Significance of the Catalog

Catalog is one part of a much larger infosphere

Many new types of scholarly information objects not covered by catalog

Future of Individual Library Catalogs

Less emphasis on one catalog per library

Shift toward multiple catalogs appearing as one catalog; shared catalogs; catalogs interwoven into the Web (Open WorldCat, worldcat.org, former RedLightGreen)

Challenges Facing Cataloging, Continued

Page 20: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

But … Don’t Cry for Me Argentina!

Page 21: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 26

The Continuing Importance of the Catalog

Books and serials are not dead, and they are not yet digital

ARL libraries spent the lion’s share of US$665 million on books and serials in 2004

The legacy of the world’s library collections is tied to the future of catalogs

Page 22: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 27

What To Do About It

Revitalize:1. Develop new uses for catalog data

2. Find new users for the existing product

3. Find new uses and new users

Page 23: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Existing New

New

USERS

USES

Existing users,Existing uses

Existing users,New uses

New users,Existing uses

New users,New uses

Examples:-Programs for freshmen-“Push” to courseWeb pages

Examples:-Mass digitization-Large scale integration withother systems-Universal access

Examples:-Minor enhancement toexisting catalogs

Examples:-E-journal discovery-Subject pathfinders-Export to bibliographicmanagement software

Page 24: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Innovations and Cost Reductions

Much better linkages: ingest, convert, extract, transfer

Interoperate Simplify & exploit all sources of catalog data Eliminate custom practices Automate and streamline workflows Explore automatic classification, subject analysis;

reengineer and automate LCSH practice Mine catalog data for new uses; experiment with

FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records)

Page 25: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

EXTEND

EXPAND

LEAD

Improve the user’s experienceGreatly enhance delivery (fast!)

Standards development/complianceRecycle and reuse catalog data

Innovate and reduce costs

Invest in shared catalogsLink pools of scholarly data

Seek partners

Masscollections& catalogs

DigitizeOpen access

Participate in the substitute industry

“Thirty-two Options &Three Strategies”—A Radical Abridgement

Page 26: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Improving the User’s Experience: Cover Art, TOC, Reviews

Page 27: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

NC State University’s Endeca-Powered Catalog

Page 28: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Expand - CalCat

Page 29: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

Social Tagging

Page 30: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 35

Stones (Boulders) In the Road

Many are not ready for change of the magnitude required

Progress toward interoperability is slow Copyright law has not caught up with the digital

world Precedents for large-scale collaboration are few There may not be enough money

Page 31: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 36

Vision for Change

Integrating catalogs with other discovery tools will boost scholarly productivity to new levels

Cataloging practice will be sustainable

Page 32: The Changing Nature of the Catalogue and Its Integration with Other Discovery Tools Karen Calhoun OLA Super Conference, Session 403 February 1, 2007

February 2007 Calhoun 37

Thank You!

Karen Calhoun, Cornell University Library

[email protected]