the challenge : asset pricing:“bubbles” “fire sales” “liquidity spirals” “segmented...
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The challenge : Asset pricing:“bubbles” “fire sales” “liquidity spirals” “segmented markets” Corporate/macro : “financing/capital constraints” . Segmented markets. Security class. Security class. ?. Investor. Investor. Investor. Investor. Investor. Intermediated markets. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The challenge:
Asset pricing:“bubbles” “fire sales” “liquidity spirals” “segmented markets”
Corporate/macro: “financing/capital constraints”
Investor
Investor
Investor
Security class
Investor Investor
Investor
Investor
Intermediary
“Debt”“Equity”
Intermediary
?
?
Other assets
Segmented markets
Intermediated markets
Security class
Security class
InvestorInvestor
“Debt”“Equity”
Other assets
Bubbles:
Definitions and facts
Home Price-to-Rent: First American, Case-Shiller, FHFA
http://www.deptofnumbers.com/affordability/us/
1. ConsumptionHabits are one model of time-varying risk premium
Frictionless macro asset pricing:A useful benchmark or a hopeless anachronism?
2. Investment I/k=f(Q)
2007 2008 20090
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
BAA
AAA
20 Yr
5 Yr
1 Yr
baa,aaa
AA nonfinancial fine. “dysfunctional market” or “credit risk premium”
“Arbitrage”
The cake, or the frosting?
Source: Fontana (2010)
Source: Fontana 2010
Source: Baba and Packer 2008
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
Duration
Yie
ldTreasury and Fama Bliss yield curve Dec 29 2006
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 200
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Duration
Yie
ld
Treasury and Fama Bliss yield curve Dec 30 2008
Banks, credit channel, financial frictions
Interestrate
Supply (savings)
Demand (investment, mortgages)
A credit crunch: Banking system cannot make new loans.
System Doesn’tWork
Loans
Capital requirement
Interestrate
Loans
SupplyOf risky debt
Demand
A fall in loans need not mean a credit crunch
View 3: Investor Fear + Recession
r
Loan
r
Loan
Mortgage Consumer Business Federal Financial
06/Q1 1184 65 862 310 1379
07/Q1 769 120 983 267 1493
08/Q1 251 120 763 412 872
08/Q2 -32 101 628 310 941
08/Q3 -241 38 451 2078 1126
08/Q4 -163 -83 185 2155 1222
Flow of new lending
Broken intermediary system?Banks or securitized debt markets?
Higher risk aversion, less demand?Banks or securitized debt markets?
Borrowing Does Decline, a lot! Flow of funds ($billion)
Firm Writedown & Loss Capital Raised Citigroup Inc.* 60.8 71.1Wachovia Corporation* 52.7 11Merrill Lynch & Co. 52.2 29.9Washington Mutual Inc. 45.6 12.1UBS AG 44.2 28HSBC Holdings Plc 27.4 5.1Bank of America Corp. 21.2 20.7JPMorgan Chase & Co. 18.8 19.7Morgan Stanley* 15.7 14.6IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG 14.8 12.2Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc 14.1 23.1Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. 13.8 13.9Credit Suisse Group AG 10.4 3Deutsche Bank AG 10.4 6.1Wells Fargo & Company 10 5.8Credit Agricole S.A. 8.8 8.5Barclays Plc 7.6 17.9Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce 7.2 2.8Fortis* 7.1 23.1Bayerische Landesbank 6.9 0HBOS Plc 6.8 7.2ING Groep N.V. 6.7 4.6Societe Generale 6.6 9.4Mizuho Financial Group Inc. 6.1 0National City Corp. 5.4 8.9Natixis 5.3 11.8Indymac Bancorp Inc 4.9 0Goldman Sachs Group Inc. 4.9 10.6…… … …TOTAL 590.8 434.2
Banks Can And Do Raise Capital!(source: Bloomberg.com)
Banks Can and Do Raise CapitalSource :Anil Kashyap
Includes Treasury Purchase
• Want to lend but can’t? Vs. no good borrowers, higher r?• Little decline in banking system lending. • Banks can and do raise equity. • Banks can and do fail / get taken over. • Treasury purchase/debt guarantee did not stop it in tracks. • “Recapitalized banks” pay dividends, buy other banks.• High risk premiums in nonfinancial, non-intermediated assets.• So…why is borrowing so much lower?
Summary: Bank constraint vs. Credit market Or risk premium view
r
Loan
r
Loan
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06
May-06
Jun-06Jul-0
6
Aug-06Sep
-06Oct-
06
Nov-06Dec-
06Jan
-07Feb
-07
Mar-07
Apr-07
May-07
Jun-07Jul-0
7
Aug-07Sep
-07Oct-
07
Nov-07Dec-
07Jan
-08Feb
-08
Mar-08
Apr-08
May-08
Jun-08Jul-0
8
Aug-08Sep
-08Oct-
08
Nov-08
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
US Non-Agency MBS Issuance
.
1930
2006:
2008