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The Cell and its Parts Boy! What a little cell can do!

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The Cell Theory 1.All living things are composed of cells 2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3.New cells are produced from existing cells

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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Have cell membraneHave cell membrane Have cytoplasmHave cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasmDNA is free floating in cytoplasm NO NUCLEUSNO NUCLEUS Bacteria!Bacteria!Eukaryotes Have cell membraneHave cell membrane Have cytoplasmHave cytoplasm DNA is containedDNA is contained IN NUCLEUSIN NUCLEUS Have organellesHave organelles Specialized structures with specific functionsSpecialized structures with specific functions

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Cell Membrane: The Video Clip

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Structural components of cells Cell Wall Cell Wall Function:Function: Provides supportProvides support Found in:Found in: Plants and Fungi, ProkaryotesPlants and Fungi, Prokaryotes Surrounds cell membraneSurrounds cell membrane Cell Membrane: Cell Membrane: Functions:Functions: Controls movement in and out of cellControls movement in and out of cell Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs)Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) Found in:Found in: All cellsAll cells Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm: Function:Function: Site of chemical reactionsSite of chemical reactions Contained by cell membraneContained by cell membrane Found in:Found in: All cellsAll cells

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Nucleus

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Organelles found in Eukaryotes Nucleus Nucleus Function :Function : Contains DNA (chromatin)Contains DNA (chromatin) Control center of cellControl center of cell Surrounded by Nuclear membraneSurrounded by Nuclear membrane Nucleolus: Nucleolus: Center of nucleusCenter of nucleus Site of ribosome synthesisSite of ribosome synthesis Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells

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Ribosomes: The Video Clip

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Organelles found in Eukaryotes Ribosomes Ribosomes Function:Function: Site of protein synthesisSite of protein synthesis Little dotsLittle dots Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Function:Function: Assembly of cell parts and transportAssembly of cell parts and transport Smooth has no ribosomesSmooth has no ribosomes Rough has ribosomes on surfaceRough has ribosomes on surface Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells

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Organelles found in Eukaryotes Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus Function:Function: Proteins are packaged and shipped hereProteins are packaged and shipped here Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells

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Organelles found in Eukaryotes Mitochondria Mitochondria Function :Function : Site of cellular respirationSite of cellular respiration Releasing energy from foodReleasing energy from food Powerhouse of cellPowerhouse of cell Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells Vacuole Vacuole Function:Function: Empty space used for storageEmpty space used for storage Much LARGER in plant cellsWHY?Much LARGER in plant cellsWHY? Need to store water and starchNeed to store water and starch Found in:Found in: All eukaryotic cellsAll eukaryotic cells

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Ode to a Plant Cell: Cell Wall and Vacuole

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Organelles specific to nutrition Lysosomes Lysosomes Function:Function: Contain enzymes that break down thingsContain enzymes that break down things Found in:Found in: Heterotrophic cellsHeterotrophic cells Chloroplast Chloroplast Function:Function: Site of photosynthesisSite of photosynthesis Uses suns energy and water to make food!Uses suns energy and water to make food! Found in:Found in: Plant cells, and some ProtistsPlant cells, and some Protists

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Chloroplast

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Animal Cell

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Plant Cell

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Lets compare Animal and Plant cells Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Centrioles Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole

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Lets compare unicellular to multicellular organisms! Unicellular Nucleus Nucleus Cell Membrane Cell Membrane Lysosome LysosomeMulticellular Nervous system Nervous system Skin; Respiratory;Excretory Skin; Respiratory;Excretory Digestive system Digestive system