the causes of ww1 -...
TRANSCRIPT
The Causes of WW1
•Militarism
•Alliances
•Nationalism
•Imperialism
•Assassination
Militarism
• Building up a country’s army and
navy, as well as getting more
weapons.
Militarism 1.
• Germany was competing
with the UK to build
battleships.
• The British feared an
attack on their Empire
Militarism 2.
• Germany was
competing with
Russia and France to
expand their armies 1880 1914
• Germany 1.3m 5.0m
• France 0.73m 4.0m
• Russia 0.40m 1.2m
Alliances
• A group formed to help each
other, especially between
countries or organizations.
Alliances
• By 1914 all the major
powers were linked by
a system of alliances.
• The alliances made it
more likely that a war
would start.
• Once started, the
alliances made it more
likely to spread.
Pre-War Alliances • Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps at War!!
Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Nationalism
• Strong (Extreme) pride in
one’s nation/country or ethnic
group
Nationalism
• This was an age when all nations wanted to
assert their power and independence.
• In Europe Slavs, aided by Serbia and
Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule.
Serbia’s
national
flag
Imperialism
• One country controlling the
economics and government of
another country or territory
Imperialism
• All the great powers were
competing for colonies /
territory.
• The British feared Germany in
Africa.
• The Austrians feared Serbia /
Russia in the Balkans
The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
George V [Br]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Franz Josef [A-H]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Europe in 1914
“The Spark”
• The Balkan countries, including Bosnia,
wanted to form their own separate
country, but Bosnia was still controlled
by Austria-Hungary.
• A radical group called,“the Black Hand”
wanted Bosnia-Herzegovina to leave the
Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
• The “Powder Keg” of Europe
The Crisis.(Assassination)
• 28 June, 1914
• Heir to Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo.
• Capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria.
• Hotbed of Slav nationalism
Seal of the
Black Hand
group
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The “Black Hand” Group made plans to assassinate Ferdinand.
Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were escorted through the
city in a car that had its top rolled down in order to allow
the crowd to see them.
At 10:15, one man hurled a
bomb at the archduke’s car, but
it missed the archduke’s car
hitting the car behind him.
Soon after, another member
of the Black Hand, Gavrilo
Princip , would shoot
Ferdinand in the neck and
Sophie in the abdomen.
Both would die soon
afterwards.
The Assassin: Gavrilo
Princip
The Assassination: Sarajevo
Assassination leads to War!
• Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists.
• Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum.
• Serbia agrees to all but two terms of the ultimatum.
“Demands must be
put to Serbia that
would be wholly
impossible for them
to accept …”
Declarations of War
• Russia - Came to the defense of Serbia.
• July 28, 1914 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
• August 1, 1914 - Germany – declares war on Russia and
France.
• Germany moves its troops ( Schlieffen Plan)
• Eastern Front – attacks Russia Western Front – Attacks
France
• August 4, 1914 - Britain declares war on Germany.
• 1915 – Italy switches sides to the Allies.
• - They were promised a part of the Austria-Hungary
Empire after the war from the Allied Countries.
• The United States remains Neutral ( favored Allies).
The Allies:
Central Powers:
Neutral Nations
1915
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Bulgaria
Russia
France
England