Advanced Honors BiologyFebruary 2013

The Cardiovascular System

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through

the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and

exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and

environmental factors have on heart rate.

Circulatory SystemPurpose and Structure

• Transport oxygen, nutrients, immune system components, and hormones to cells

• Transport carbon dioxide away from cells

• Closed system• Composed of heart, blood

vessels, and blood

Superior vena cava

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteries to lungs

Right atrium

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Left atrium

Mitral valve

Left ventricle

Aortic valve

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Inferior vena cava

Pulmonary arteries to lungs

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through

the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and

exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and

environmental factors have on heart rate.

Two Separate LoopsRight atrium/ ventricle• Pulmonary• De-oxygenated

Left atrium/ ventricle•Systemic

•Oxygenated

ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through

the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and

exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and

environmental factors have on heart rate.

Blood Vessels

Heart is the pumpDiffusion in the capillariesArteries – carry blood

away from the heartVeins – carry blood

toward the heart

Heart arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

Capillaries are 1 cell thick – gas exchange

NetworkLarge vessels – singular routeSmall vessels – collateral routes

Artery/Vein DifferencesArteries Veins

Direction of flow

Blood Away from Heart

Blood to Heart

Pressure Higher Lower

Walls THICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa

THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media

Lumen Smaller Larger

Valves No valves Valves (see next)

Your Heart Beat

So What Makes It Beat?Sinoatrial (SA) node“pacemaker”-contracts atrial

Atrioventricular (AV) node-contracts ventricles

Electrical

Average 60-70 bpm“pulse”

Up to 200 bpm

Cardiovascular Problems• Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries/plaque)• Arrhythmias (heart beats too fast or too slow)• Angina (lack of blood flow to the coronary artery)• Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle damage)• Hypertension (high blood pressure)• Hypotension (low BP)• Myocardial infarction (heart attack – coronary artery

blockage)• Mitral valve prolapse • Sudden cardiac arrest (heart stops beating) http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/

http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Aneurysm.cfm