the cardiovascular system
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The Cardiovascular System. Advanced Honors Biology February 2013. Objectives. At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to… Identify the four chambers of the heart, Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through the circulatory system - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Advanced Honors BiologyFebruary 2013
The Cardiovascular System
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ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through
the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and
exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and
environmental factors have on heart rate.
![Page 3: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070420/56815f88550346895dce8f8c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Circulatory SystemPurpose and Structure
• Transport oxygen, nutrients, immune system components, and hormones to cells
• Transport carbon dioxide away from cells
• Closed system• Composed of heart, blood
vessels, and blood
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Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries to lungs
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary arteries to lungs
![Page 5: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070420/56815f88550346895dce8f8c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through
the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and
exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and
environmental factors have on heart rate.
![Page 6: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070420/56815f88550346895dce8f8c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two Separate LoopsRight atrium/ ventricle• Pulmonary• De-oxygenated
Left atrium/ ventricle•Systemic
•Oxygenated
![Page 7: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070420/56815f88550346895dce8f8c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ObjectivesAt the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to…• Identify the four chambers of the heart,• Describe the flow of blood through the heart and through
the circulatory system • Compare and contrast the three types of blood vessels• Determine the effect that standing, reclining, and
exercise have on heart rate• Determine the effect that various health and
environmental factors have on heart rate.
![Page 8: The Cardiovascular System](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070420/56815f88550346895dce8f8c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Blood Vessels
Heart is the pumpDiffusion in the capillariesArteries – carry blood
away from the heartVeins – carry blood
toward the heart
Heart arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins
Capillaries are 1 cell thick – gas exchange
NetworkLarge vessels – singular routeSmall vessels – collateral routes
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Artery/Vein DifferencesArteries Veins
Direction of flow
Blood Away from Heart
Blood to Heart
Pressure Higher Lower
Walls THICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa
THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media
Lumen Smaller Larger
Valves No valves Valves (see next)
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Your Heart Beat
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So What Makes It Beat?Sinoatrial (SA) node“pacemaker”-contracts atrial
Atrioventricular (AV) node-contracts ventricles
Electrical
Average 60-70 bpm“pulse”
Up to 200 bpm
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Cardiovascular Problems• Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries/plaque)• Arrhythmias (heart beats too fast or too slow)• Angina (lack of blood flow to the coronary artery)• Cardiomyopathy (heart muscle damage)• Hypertension (high blood pressure)• Hypotension (low BP)• Myocardial infarction (heart attack – coronary artery
blockage)• Mitral valve prolapse • Sudden cardiac arrest (heart stops beating) http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/
http://texasheart.org/HIC/Topics/Cond/Aneurysm.cfm