the canadian and the portuguese public administrations: a ... · the canadian and the portuguese...
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The Canadian and thePortuguese Public
Administrations: A Tale of TwoStories and two Countries
(1960/2010)
L. Valadares TavaresFull Professor Emeritus, IST, University of LisbonPresident of APMEP – Portuguese Society of Public MarketsFormer President of the Portuguese NationalInstitute of Public Administration
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Brief Comparison
I – GeneralCanada Portugal
Population 31 M 10 M
Political RegimeMonarchy
(Federation)Republic
Government Levels• Federal• Provinces• Municipal
• National• Municipal and 2
AutonomousRegions
GDP / hab (2010)(OECD = 100 PPP)
119,9 75,6
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Brief Comparison
II – Public AdministrationCanada Portugal
Nº civil servants (includingEduc., Health and Security/Army)
3.3 M(10% pop.)
0.6 M(6% pop.)
Wages /GDP 10% 11%
Legal Framework and Careers
Civil ServiceCommission (CSC)
Parliament and Government
Recruitment Depts Ministry of Finances
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Brief Comparison
II – Public AdministrationCanada Portugal
PromotionsPublic Services
Comission (PSC)Ministry of Finances
High Level Nominations PSC Government
Salaries Treasury Board (TB)Parliament andGovernment
TrainingCanada School of
Public ServiceUntil 2011: INA
Now?
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More and better services !
Canada:
Many Examples !
Portugal: Also !
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Portugal: Success Examples
Child Mortality Rate
% Access to Higher Education if born on:
1980: 24/1000 2000: 6/1000
1960: 6% 1980: 39%
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Better (e-)channels !
Flexible Time-Tables e-Access
E-Full Services e-Interaction
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Despite high disparities !
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Scatterplot
Nível de Ensino vs Poder de Compra perCapita
Grupo A
Grupo B
Grupo C
Grupo D
Grupo E
Grupo F
Grupo G
Grupo H
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0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 0,45
Nível de Ensino
0
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Poder
de C
om
pra
perC
apita
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Classes de Concelhos(número de concelhos)
H (1)G (1)F (13)E (30)D (51)C (58)B (74)A (47)
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Média exame Matemática (cod. 435) 2002
por Concelho
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GRUPO
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Mé
dia
Mate
má
tica 2
00
2
A B C D E F G H
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Story 2: Portugal
Growth with:
- Higher complexity
- Successive unconsistent layers
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In – Services Model
Archipelago Paradigm
Instead of Services sourcing
. . .
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3 – Personel Model
Bureaucratic ModelManagement by
Objectives[2003: Performance
Evaluation]
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2 – Qualification Model(% compared to society)
Low Qualified
High Qualified
10
9
1
1950 2000
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Distribuição por remuneração: AP Portugal
- Remuneração Media: 1243 € -
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
<300
356,6
378,3
425
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525
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>4001
Euros
Pesso
as
Distribuição por Remuneração
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Distribuição por Remuneração: AP Finlândia
- Remuneração Media: 1706 € -
0
2000
4000
6000
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10000
12000
<704
771
838
905
972
1039
1106
1173
1240
1307
1374
1441
1508
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1642
1709
1776
1843
1910
1977
2044
2111
2178
2245
2312
2379
2446
2513
2580
2647
2714
2781
2848
2915
2982
>3049
Euros em PPC/Portugal
Pesso
as
Distribuição por Remuneração
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The 4 Layers Theory
1935 – 75 1975 – 1985 1985 – 1995 1995 – 2005
Direct PublicAdministration
(Reform of 1935)
Local and Regional
AdministrationsSocial State
Public Firms(including
Hospitals, EPE)+ Regulators
+ PPP
Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4
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Management Control
LAYER
100%
1DPA
02
LRA3
SS4
PF
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Confirmation of the 4- LAYERS TheoryAnnual Expenditure* (M Euros. Source DGO, 30 Set.2012)
AnnualExpenditure(T)
TOTALDPA Local Adm. Reg. Adm. SS PF
2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 ∆
Wages(W)
9870 8359 2020 1827 732 656 2992 2563 2700 2312 18224 15717 -14%
Acquisition of Goods and
Services (GS)1440 1352 1476 1501 293 364 8560 10079 7864 9156 19633 22452 +14%
GS/T (%) 13% 14% 42% 45% 29% 36% 74% 80% 74% 80% 52% 59%
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Which Reform of which State?