The Camera

Traditional SLR and Digital SLR

So what are cameras?

A camera is a device that records/stores

images. These images may be still

photographs or moving images such as

videos or movies.

Camera’s can act as time capsules that

record the information and personal

response of options and themes that take

place in life. A lot of photographers choose

to use cameras to explore their

experiences.

SLR

Single Lens Reflex Camera

DSLR

Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera

Camera Parts

Film advanced lever- A device, usually

on the top of the camera, that winds the

film forward a measured distance so an

unexposed segment moves into place

behind the shutter.

Flash Shoe -Base where the flash

slides into

Rewind lever- A device, usually at the

top of the camera, for winding film back

into a cassette once it has been

exposed.

Film compartment- Where the canister/cassette of film resides.

Viewer-An opening in the camera through which the photographer can see the scene to be photographed.

Camera back- exactly that, the back covering of the camera.

Take-up spool - where you feed the beginning of the strip of film and is where the film rolls onto once the camera advances.

Rewind button- Located on the bottom of the camera and is used after all film is finished. Must be pressed while using the rewind crank to reel the film back into the canister/cassette.

LCD-Liquid

Crystal

Display(battery killer)

DSLRHow it works…

Photography with an SLR is

all about how light interacts

with film and with paper.

Cameras are designed to control the amount of

light that reaches film.

With a DSLR it is all about

how light interacts and gets

recorded on to a micro card.

There are 3 aspects

of Exposure:(Also know as exposure triangle)

1) Aperture (Depth of field)

2) Shutter Speed (duration-time)

3) ISO (sensitivity to light)

ISO

For BOTH cameras

ApertureAperture- is the opening that light

travels through when it reaches your film.

The __ bigger ___ the hole of the aperture,

the more light that gets through. The

_ smaller _ the hole of the aperture the

smaller the amount of light that reaches

your film.

These are known

as BLADES

bigger aperture opening smaller aperture opening

Apertures range in size of the opening

Shutter SpeedShutter-speed– How fast your camera’s shutter speed

opens and closes to expose the sensor. The longer the

shutter is open the more light is exposed to the sensor

and vice-versa.

The __ faster _ the shutter speed, the __ sharper ___ the

moving object will appear.

Fast vs. Slow - Shutter Speed

Your shutter

speed will

change

towards your

subject-matter

and the effect

you want to

create.

1

2

4

8

15

30

60

125

250

500

1000

The shutter speeds are

expressed as fractions.

1 over a number.

1/1 is 1

1/250 is 250

Both on the SLR and

DSLR it is the SAME.

Take the denominator

On this DSLR (below) what is the

shutter speed?

What is the aperture set to?

Here is what an SLR would look like.

It is a dial

On this traditional SLR (above) what is

the shutter speed?

When looking

through the

viewfinder of an

SLR here is what it

may look like.

When looking

through a DSLR

here is what it

may look like.

Apertures and

Shutter Speeds

Work together!

Film Speed

Known as: ISOISO - is the light sensitivity of either the

film or sensor in a camera. Can range

from 50 to 3200.The ISO speeds most common are:

ISO 100 or 200- use in high light outside with sunny

conditions

ISO 400 to 800- use in medium light or a cloudy day

to evening

ISO 1600- use in low light or night time

More grain

or noise

Less grain

or noise

Only changing the

ISO…Which one

would you choose?

__Slower__ the film _smaller_ the grain.

Slower film speed also has more

accurate color.

A _fast_ film will let the photographer

use a shutter speed of 1/500 sec.

(traditional) _Grain_ are the little dots that

make up the picture.

(digital) They are like _pixels_ which

make up a digital photo.

Image AreaUsing different lenses

normal

Wide-angle

telephoto

*The most

commonly

used normal

lens is 50 mm.

Any between

about 40 and

58 mm are also

considered

normal

Camera

ShakeCamera shake- is a phenomena that

happens when you have a slow shutter speed

and you can’t hand hold the camera without

moving a little bit.

Solution: use a tripod

Motion BlurMotion blur- is something that happens

when there is an object in the picture that is

moving too fast for the shutter speed being

used to freeze the motion.

To correct this so you can SEE the cyclist use a technique called:

PANNING

PanningPanning - is the act of moving

the camera with a relatively slow shutter speed

so that the camera follows the movement of the

moving object in the scene. The background is

blurred as a result.

Depth of FieldDepth of field - the distance between the nearest and

the furthest objects that give an image judged to be

in focus in a camera.

The _ larger __ the opening the __ narrower __ the

depth of field.

The _ smaller _ the opening the __wider __ the

depth of field.

narrow wide

When the lens is focused at infinity,

everything at some distance away and

farther will be sharp: with this lens at f/22

everything WILL BE SHARP from 50 ft.

Is useful when you

are not sure if an

exposure is correct

or if you want to

see the results from

different exposures

of the same scene.

F 1.4

F 5.6

F 8

When all else fails use bracketing.

When all else fails use bracketing

ORIGINAL: shutter

speed 1/60 and f/5.6

Then bracket for one

stop MORE

exposure which is

shutter speed 1/60

and f/4.

Then you would

bracket one stop

LESS exposure

which is shutter

speed 1/60 and f/8

(A step up (doubling)

or down (halving) by

one EV is called a

“stop”.)

F 1.4

F 5.6

F 8

ADVANTAGES:

• SLR camera’s are good for

taking pictures from a long

distance

•suitable for mid-shots.

•suitable for professional and

amateur use

•Easy to adjust the camera settings

• more flexibility

• better image quality

• better performance

• easily upgradeable

•can change lens (more flexibility)

DISADVANTAGES:

• most are big and heavy

• overall accessories and gear

(including lenses) is very heavy

• hard to operate initially

• difficult to change lenses

continuously

• difficult to operate numerous

buttons

• expensive initially

• susceptible to dust contamination

and damage

THEN…There is also a point and shoot camera.

Acts similar to your phone we will talk a

little more about this later…

Photo Journalism Fashion

photographypaparazzi

Wedding photography

Landscape photography

Art

created photography

Still life photography

portraiture

There are lots of different styles of photography

and types of pictures one can take.

Travel

photography

How to use a SLR camera- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OA0MM30i244&feature=email

Getting ready to use your SLR camera- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mP-mSJPYviM&feature=email

An overview of SLR cameras-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebG855de42k&feature=BFp&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=2

How to use wide-angle lenses on your digital SLR-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtso_zBDmns&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=3

How to use zoom and telephoto lenses on your digital SLR- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

O4yNVV3wBQ&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=4

Understanding your digital SLR's mode dial-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_EQHuk0634&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=5

Using your digital SLR's shutter priority mode-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HeEIWYXgB8&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=6

An overview of digital SLR lenses-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8jdmyF6BSo&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=7

Using your digital SLR's aperture priority mode-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2i2DqsTVl0&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=8

How to take close-up shots with your digital SLR-

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bgs8ajLm6xs&feature=BFa&list=WLF9CBC7794E2DB972&index=9

Macro Photography Tutorial- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GjEFVxMi6HY&feature=related

We will soon….

Review the darkroom and developing a

print.