the california health risk assessment guidance is final 04-16-15

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The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final: Regulatory Update BlueScape Environmental James Westbrook, President April 16, 2015

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Page 1: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final:

Regulatory Update

BlueScape Environmental James Westbrook, President

April 16, 2015

Page 2: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Agenda  

•  HRA  Guidance  Summary  &  Changes  •  Implementa:on  Update  

– State  level  – Local  Air  District  Level  

•  Poten:al  Business  Impacts  •  Strategies  to  Design  your  Project  •  Summary  &  Recommenda:ons      

Page 3: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Health Risk Assessment Guidance Summary & Changes

Page 4: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

HRA  Guidance  Summary    •  Air  Toxics  Hot  Spots  Guidance  Manual1  

–  AB2588,  Health  &  Safety  Code  Sec.  44300,  1987  –  Children’s  Environmental  Health  Protec:on  Act  of  

1999,  H&S  Code  39606  

•  Technical  Support  Documents  adopted  –  Noncancer  Reference  Exposure  Levels  (2008)  –  Cancer  Potency  Factors  (2009)  –  Exposure  Adjustment  Factors  (2012)  

•  Final  Guidance  adopted  3/6/15  •  HARP2  SoZware  released2  

   

1Office  of  Environmental  Health  Hazard  Assessment  (OEHHA)  www.oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/index.html  2h`p://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/harp/harp.htm    

Page 5: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Health  Risk  Assessment  Steps  

Classic  Steps   Prac.cal  Steps  

1.  Hazard  Iden:fica:on   1.  Facility  and  emissions  characteriza:on  /  data  gathering  

2.  Exposure  Assessment   2.  Air  Dispersion  Modeling  

3.  Dose-­‐Response  Assessment   3.  Exposure  Assessment  and  Risk  Characteriza:on  

4.  Risk  Characteriza:on   4.  Report  Submi`al  

Emissions     Concentra.on   Dose   Risk  

Page 6: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Cancer  Risk  Calcula:ons  Then  and  Now  Inhala:on  Cancer  Risk  =      Inhala:on  Dose  (mg/kg-­‐day)  *  Inhala:on  Cancer  Potency  Slope  (mg/kg-­‐day)-­‐1  

 

Non-­‐Inhala:on  Cancer  Risk  =    Oral  Dose  (mg/kg-­‐day)  *  Oral  Cancer  Potency  Slope  Factor  (mg/kg-­‐day)-­‐1  

 Note  1:    Cancer  risk  is  summed  across  sources,  chemicals  and  

   exposure  pathways  for  each  receptor  loca:on  Note  2:    Cancer  risk  is  expressed  as  1  x  10-­‐6  or  one  in  one    

   million  

   

Page 7: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Inhala:on  Dose  Calcula:on  Inhala:on  Dose  (mg/kg-­‐day)  =    

Cair  *  ASF  *  DBR  *  A  *  EF  *  ED  *  FAH  *  10-­‐6  /  AT    

 where:    Cair  =  air  concentra:on  (µg/m3)          ASF  =  Age  Sensi:vity  Factor  over  age  bins                    (unitless)          DBR  =  daily  breathing  rate  over  age  bins                    (L/kg-­‐day)          A  =  absorp:on  factor  (unitless)          EF  =  exposure  frequency  (days/year)          ED  =  exposure  dura:on  (years)          FAH  =  frac:on  :me  at  home,  aZer  age  16                    (unitless)          10-­‐6  =  conversion;  µg  to  mg  and  L  to  m3  

       AT  =  averaging  :me  (25,550  days  for  70-­‐yr  cancer                risk)            

   

Items  in  Orange  added  or  updated  with  New  Guidance  

Page 8: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

HRA  Guidance  Changes  Inhala:on  Cancer  Risk  Calcula:ons  

Assump.on   Previous   OEHHA-­‐Recommended  

Residen:al  Exposure  Dura:on  

70  years   Recommended  30  years  

Age  Bins   One  -­‐  Adult   Six  bins  

Age  Sensi.vity   None,  1.0   Age  Sensi.vity  Factors  (ASFs)  by  bins  

Breathing  Rate  Profiles  

child,  adult   by  age  bins  

Breathing  Rate  Percen.le  

95th  percen.le,  with  interim  80th  percen.le  

Recommended  95th  percen.le    

Worker  Exposure  Dura:on  

40  Years   Recommended  25  years  

Resident  Frac:on  :me  at  home  

1.0   0.73  avg  by  age  bins  

Page 9: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Age  Sensi:vity  Factors  (ASFs)  -­‐  Higher  Residen:al  Risks  

Age  Bin   ASF  3rd  Trimester   10  0  to  <2  years   10  2  to  <9  years   3  2  to  <16  years   3  16  <  30  years   1  30  to  70  years   1  

Effect  about  1.7  x  higher  residen.al  cancer  risk  over  70  years                

Page 10: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Updated  Residen:al  Breathing  Rates    -­‐  Higher  Risks  

 Effect  is  about  1.3  x  higher  cancer  risk,  at  95th/80th  percen.le,  70-­‐year  exposure,  as  compared  to  previous  adult  80th    Previous  Breathing  Rate:  Adult  95th  =  393  Adult  80th  =  302  

         Adult      L/kg-­‐day  

Age  Bin  

3rd  Trimester  

0<2   2<9   9<16   16<30   16-­‐70  

Mean   225   658   535   452   210   185  

95th  %   361   1090   861   745   335   290  

95th/80th  %   273   758   631   572   261   233  

Page 11: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Lower  Cancer  Risk  or  “it  depends”    

 •  Residen:al  exposure  dura:on  –  30  yrs  /  70  yrs  =  

0.42  factor  lower  •  Residen:al  :me  at  home  –  0.73  factor  lower  •  Worker  exposure  dura:on  (yrs)  with  higher  

breathing  rate  (L/kg-­‐day)    –    25/40    *  230/149    =  lower  or  about  the  same  

•  Upda:ng  AERMOD  vs  ISCST3  model,  it  depends  •  Spa:al  averaging  for  max  loca:on  –  it  depends  •  (non-­‐cancer  chronic  and  acute  risks  a  non-­‐story)    

Page 12: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Implementation Update

Page 13: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

California  Air  Toxic  Regula:ons    

 •  AB2588  Air  Toxic  Hot  Spots  –  Air  Districts  

•  Air  Permits,  New  Source  Review  –Air  Districts  

•  California  Environmental  Quality  Act  -­‐  Lead  Agency;  Air  District  Review  

•  Haz  Waste  Management  -­‐  DTSC  •  Proposi:on  65  -­‐  A`orney  General    

Page 14: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

California  Regulatory  Thresholds      Regulatory  Program   Significance  Thresholds   Requirements  if  

Exceeded  

Air Toxic “Hot Spots” – AB2588

Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI1 – 1.0

Public notice; reduce risk if over 25 in one million

New Source Review Permits

Cancer Risk – 1 in one million, or 10 in one million w/controls Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0

Cannot get a permit; public notice

CEQA   Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0

Mitigate risks to acceptable levels

Proposition 65 Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0

Provide warnings

HI  =  Hazard  index  

Page 15: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

State  Implementa:on  Status    •  ARB/CAPCOA  provided  draZ  Staff  Concepts  to  Air  

Districts,  1/15/15  •  ARB/CAPCOA  Risk  Management  Guidelines  for  

Sta9onary  Sources  of  Air  Toxics  –  DraZ  outline  issued  3/5/15  –  Final  expected  by  May  2015  

•  HARP2  release  3/16/15,  3x  so  far  -­‐  more  coming?  –  ARB  Training  date  TBD    

•  CAPCOA  plans  to  update  Health  Risk  Assessments  for  Land  Use  Projects  (7/09)    

Page 16: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

California  Air  Districts:    Implementa:on  Status  

     

Air  District    

Rule  Change?  Policy  

Change?    

Status  

South  Coast  AQMD  

Yes  -­‐  Rules  1401,  1401.1,  1402,  212  

Yes  –  DraZ  Guidelines,  3/31/15  

Proposal  3/31/15,  Adop:on  5/11  

San  Joaquin  Valley  APCD  

No  -­‐  policy  only   Yes  -­‐  Policy  APR-­‐1905    

Final  draZ  staff  report  3/18/15,  staff  report.2  Comments  closed  4/1  

Bay  Area  AQMD   Yes  –    Reg  2  Rule  5  

Yes  –  Update  Guidance  Document  Jan  2010    

ASF  already  adopted  Board  Presenta:on  11/17/14  ;  rule  change  pending  

San  Diego  APCD   Not  expected  –  Rule  1200  

Yes  –  Update  Guidance  

Adopt  soon;      HARP2  training  

Sacramento  Metro  AQMD  

Not  expected  –  Rule  402  

Yes  –  Update  Guidance  

Report  on  Changes  3/20/15  

1www.aqmd.gov/home/regula:ons/rules/proposed-­‐rules#1401  2www.valleyair.org/no:ces/Docs/2015/3-­‐18-­‐15_risk/final-­‐draZ-­‐risk-­‐policy-­‐sr.pdf  

Page 17: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

California  Air  Districts:    Expected  Implementa:on  Process    

     

Air  District  

Controls  Threshold  

(per  million)  

Max  Risk  Threshold  

(per  million)  

Resident  Age  

Sensi.vity  Factor  

Resident  Exposure  Dura.on  (Years)  

 Resident  

Breathing  Rate  (L/-­‐kg-­‐day)  

 Dispersion  Model  

Previous  (generally)  

1   10   none   70   302  (80th%)  393  (95th%)  

ISCST3/SCREEN3/AERMOD  

FUTURE  

South  Coast  AQMD  

1   10   2.6   30   461    

AERMOD  

San  Joaquin  Valley  APCD  

1   20   1.7   70   404   AERMOD  

Bay  Area  AQMD  

??   ??   (1.7)   ??   ??   ??  

San  Diego  APCD  

1   10   ??   ??   ??   AERMOD  

Sac  Metro  AQMD    

??   ??   ??   ??   ??   ??  

Page 18: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

CEQA  Projects    •  Transporta:on  emissions,  sta:onary  sources  •  Diesel  emissions  from  construc:on  in  the  spotlight  •  Mi:ga:on  to  less  than  significance  threshold  •  Lead  Agency  review:  

–  New  EIR  No:ce  of  Prepara:on,  post  3/6/15  –  HRAs  will  follow  local  air  district  implementa:on  –  Technical  assump:ons  for  short  construc:on  period  –  Local  district  guidance  for  CEQA  vs.  air  permits  could  

differ  –  Presump:ve  mi:ga:on  

•  Consult  with  the  lead  agency  and  local  air  district  on  :ming  

 

Page 19: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Potential Business Impacts

Page 20: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Poten:al  Business  Impacts    •  IMPACT  –  residen:al  inhala:on  risk  increases:  

–  3+  :mes  higher  using  70-­‐yr  exposure,  95th  percen:le  breathing  rates  

–  Higher  if  mul:-­‐pathway  pollutants  involved  •  Air  Permits  –  greater  difficulty  gexng  air  permits  

–  Nearby  residences  or  sensi:ve  receptors  –  Outright  permit  denial  –  Project  design  change  requirements  –  Opera:onal  constraints,  emission  limits  –  Air  emission  control  installa:on  

•  CEQA  –  project  delays,  greater  mi:ga:on  requirements  •  Agency  Review  backlog  increasing  •  Tip  –  Do  and  submit  an  approvable  HRA  yourself,  or  hire  

an  expert!    

Page 21: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Project Design Strategy

Page 22: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Design  Projects  to  Avoid  Problems    •  Design  projects  to  pass  the  risk  thresholds,  avoid  

constraints,  delays,  cost  •  STEP1:  Screen  project  feasibility  w/o  an  HRA  

–  Project  complexity,  emission  source  types  –  Emissions  strength,  potency  and  nearby  receptors  –  Stack  heights  and  loca:on  at  facility  –  Air  District  Tier  1  look-­‐up,  or  AB2588  priori:za:on  formula  

•  STEP2:  Screening  HRA,  Refined  HRA  –  Use  AERSCREEN  or  SCREEN3  dispersion  models  –  Refined  AERMOD  and  HARP  if  needed  

•  STEP  3:  Change  project  design  as  needed  –  First  do  what  you  can,  models  and  refinements  –  Stack  height,  loca:on,  permit  emission  limits,  controls  

Page 23: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Approvable  Health  Risk  Assessment?    •  Design  your  project  based  upon  an  approvable  HRA  

–  Do  this  before  the  agency  ever  sees  the  project  –  Take  control,  don’t  leave  it  up  to  the  agency!  –  Use  HARP2?  –  Submit  the  simplest  possible,  approvable  HRA  –  Conserva:ve  is  be`er,  not  “up  against  the  wire”  

•  Know  the  agency  must  issue  the  HRA  decision  –  Agency  will  do  an  original  HRA,  or  verify  your  work  –  HRA  can  become  the  agency  review  cri:cal  path  –  Get  on  the  same  page  with  the  agency  –  Work  through  differences  early  to  move  review  along  –  Do  a  pre-­‐applica:on  mee:ng  –  Expedite  the  applica:on  if  possible  

 

Page 24: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Recommenda:ons  /  Summary    •  Know  HRA  Guidance  changes  may  lead  to  

significant  impacts  -­‐  delays  and  costs  •  Last  chance!  Get  agency  approvals  ASAP  •  Build  HRA  feasibility  review  into  project  design  •  Do  the  best,  conserva9ve  and  approvable  HRA  

yourself,  submit  to  the  agency  •  Know  the  agency  review  process,  simple  vs.  

refined  HRAs  •  It  is  gexng  complicated  -­‐  get  the  training  you  

need,  OR  •  Get  an  expert  to  help!  

Page 25: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Learn  Health  Risk  Assessment  –  Online  Courses    

 

       

See  www.bluescapeinc.com/training  to  sign  up.  Contact  [email protected]  for  a  discount  code  to  get  

20%  off.        

HRA1:  Air  Toxics  Health  Risk  Assessments  in  California,  with  Introduc.on  to  HARP2  

April  23rd,  9:00-­‐11:30  AM  PDT      

HRA2:  South  Coast  AQMD  Health  Risk  Assessments  

Under  Rules  1401,  1401.1  &  212,  Including  Proposed  Guidance  Changes  

May  7th,  9:00-­‐11:30  AM  PDT    

Page 26: The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final 04-16-15

Ques:ons?  Contact  Informa:on  

James  Westbrook,  President  BlueScape  Environmental  Office:  858-­‐695-­‐9200  x201  Mobile:  858-­‐774-­‐2009  

[email protected]  www.bluescapeinc.com  

 Webinar  will  be  posted  on  

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