the california health risk assessment guidance is final 04-16-15
TRANSCRIPT
The California Health Risk Assessment Guidance is Final:
Regulatory Update
BlueScape Environmental James Westbrook, President
April 16, 2015
Agenda
• HRA Guidance Summary & Changes • Implementa:on Update
– State level – Local Air District Level
• Poten:al Business Impacts • Strategies to Design your Project • Summary & Recommenda:ons
Health Risk Assessment Guidance Summary & Changes
HRA Guidance Summary • Air Toxics Hot Spots Guidance Manual1
– AB2588, Health & Safety Code Sec. 44300, 1987 – Children’s Environmental Health Protec:on Act of
1999, H&S Code 39606
• Technical Support Documents adopted – Noncancer Reference Exposure Levels (2008) – Cancer Potency Factors (2009) – Exposure Adjustment Factors (2012)
• Final Guidance adopted 3/6/15 • HARP2 SoZware released2
1Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) www.oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/index.html 2h`p://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/harp/harp.htm
Health Risk Assessment Steps
Classic Steps Prac.cal Steps
1. Hazard Iden:fica:on 1. Facility and emissions characteriza:on / data gathering
2. Exposure Assessment 2. Air Dispersion Modeling
3. Dose-‐Response Assessment 3. Exposure Assessment and Risk Characteriza:on
4. Risk Characteriza:on 4. Report Submi`al
Emissions Concentra.on Dose Risk
Cancer Risk Calcula:ons Then and Now Inhala:on Cancer Risk = Inhala:on Dose (mg/kg-‐day) * Inhala:on Cancer Potency Slope (mg/kg-‐day)-‐1
Non-‐Inhala:on Cancer Risk = Oral Dose (mg/kg-‐day) * Oral Cancer Potency Slope Factor (mg/kg-‐day)-‐1
Note 1: Cancer risk is summed across sources, chemicals and
exposure pathways for each receptor loca:on Note 2: Cancer risk is expressed as 1 x 10-‐6 or one in one
million
Inhala:on Dose Calcula:on Inhala:on Dose (mg/kg-‐day) =
Cair * ASF * DBR * A * EF * ED * FAH * 10-‐6 / AT
where: Cair = air concentra:on (µg/m3) ASF = Age Sensi:vity Factor over age bins (unitless) DBR = daily breathing rate over age bins (L/kg-‐day) A = absorp:on factor (unitless) EF = exposure frequency (days/year) ED = exposure dura:on (years) FAH = frac:on :me at home, aZer age 16 (unitless) 10-‐6 = conversion; µg to mg and L to m3
AT = averaging :me (25,550 days for 70-‐yr cancer risk)
Items in Orange added or updated with New Guidance
HRA Guidance Changes Inhala:on Cancer Risk Calcula:ons
Assump.on Previous OEHHA-‐Recommended
Residen:al Exposure Dura:on
70 years Recommended 30 years
Age Bins One -‐ Adult Six bins
Age Sensi.vity None, 1.0 Age Sensi.vity Factors (ASFs) by bins
Breathing Rate Profiles
child, adult by age bins
Breathing Rate Percen.le
95th percen.le, with interim 80th percen.le
Recommended 95th percen.le
Worker Exposure Dura:on
40 Years Recommended 25 years
Resident Frac:on :me at home
1.0 0.73 avg by age bins
Age Sensi:vity Factors (ASFs) -‐ Higher Residen:al Risks
Age Bin ASF 3rd Trimester 10 0 to <2 years 10 2 to <9 years 3 2 to <16 years 3 16 < 30 years 1 30 to 70 years 1
Effect about 1.7 x higher residen.al cancer risk over 70 years
Updated Residen:al Breathing Rates -‐ Higher Risks
Effect is about 1.3 x higher cancer risk, at 95th/80th percen.le, 70-‐year exposure, as compared to previous adult 80th Previous Breathing Rate: Adult 95th = 393 Adult 80th = 302
Adult L/kg-‐day
Age Bin
3rd Trimester
0<2 2<9 9<16 16<30 16-‐70
Mean 225 658 535 452 210 185
95th % 361 1090 861 745 335 290
95th/80th % 273 758 631 572 261 233
Lower Cancer Risk or “it depends”
• Residen:al exposure dura:on – 30 yrs / 70 yrs =
0.42 factor lower • Residen:al :me at home – 0.73 factor lower • Worker exposure dura:on (yrs) with higher
breathing rate (L/kg-‐day) – 25/40 * 230/149 = lower or about the same
• Upda:ng AERMOD vs ISCST3 model, it depends • Spa:al averaging for max loca:on – it depends • (non-‐cancer chronic and acute risks a non-‐story)
Implementation Update
California Air Toxic Regula:ons
• AB2588 Air Toxic Hot Spots – Air Districts
• Air Permits, New Source Review –Air Districts
• California Environmental Quality Act -‐ Lead Agency; Air District Review
• Haz Waste Management -‐ DTSC • Proposi:on 65 -‐ A`orney General
California Regulatory Thresholds Regulatory Program Significance Thresholds Requirements if
Exceeded
Air Toxic “Hot Spots” – AB2588
Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI1 – 1.0
Public notice; reduce risk if over 25 in one million
New Source Review Permits
Cancer Risk – 1 in one million, or 10 in one million w/controls Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0
Cannot get a permit; public notice
CEQA Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0
Mitigate risks to acceptable levels
Proposition 65 Cancer Risk – 10 in one million Chronic, Acute HI – 1.0
Provide warnings
HI = Hazard index
State Implementa:on Status • ARB/CAPCOA provided draZ Staff Concepts to Air
Districts, 1/15/15 • ARB/CAPCOA Risk Management Guidelines for
Sta9onary Sources of Air Toxics – DraZ outline issued 3/5/15 – Final expected by May 2015
• HARP2 release 3/16/15, 3x so far -‐ more coming? – ARB Training date TBD
• CAPCOA plans to update Health Risk Assessments for Land Use Projects (7/09)
California Air Districts: Implementa:on Status
Air District
Rule Change? Policy
Change?
Status
South Coast AQMD
Yes -‐ Rules 1401, 1401.1, 1402, 212
Yes – DraZ Guidelines, 3/31/15
Proposal 3/31/15, Adop:on 5/11
San Joaquin Valley APCD
No -‐ policy only Yes -‐ Policy APR-‐1905
Final draZ staff report 3/18/15, staff report.2 Comments closed 4/1
Bay Area AQMD Yes – Reg 2 Rule 5
Yes – Update Guidance Document Jan 2010
ASF already adopted Board Presenta:on 11/17/14 ; rule change pending
San Diego APCD Not expected – Rule 1200
Yes – Update Guidance
Adopt soon; HARP2 training
Sacramento Metro AQMD
Not expected – Rule 402
Yes – Update Guidance
Report on Changes 3/20/15
1www.aqmd.gov/home/regula:ons/rules/proposed-‐rules#1401 2www.valleyair.org/no:ces/Docs/2015/3-‐18-‐15_risk/final-‐draZ-‐risk-‐policy-‐sr.pdf
California Air Districts: Expected Implementa:on Process
Air District
Controls Threshold
(per million)
Max Risk Threshold
(per million)
Resident Age
Sensi.vity Factor
Resident Exposure Dura.on (Years)
Resident
Breathing Rate (L/-‐kg-‐day)
Dispersion Model
Previous (generally)
1 10 none 70 302 (80th%) 393 (95th%)
ISCST3/SCREEN3/AERMOD
FUTURE
South Coast AQMD
1 10 2.6 30 461
AERMOD
San Joaquin Valley APCD
1 20 1.7 70 404 AERMOD
Bay Area AQMD
?? ?? (1.7) ?? ?? ??
San Diego APCD
1 10 ?? ?? ?? AERMOD
Sac Metro AQMD
?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??
CEQA Projects • Transporta:on emissions, sta:onary sources • Diesel emissions from construc:on in the spotlight • Mi:ga:on to less than significance threshold • Lead Agency review:
– New EIR No:ce of Prepara:on, post 3/6/15 – HRAs will follow local air district implementa:on – Technical assump:ons for short construc:on period – Local district guidance for CEQA vs. air permits could
differ – Presump:ve mi:ga:on
• Consult with the lead agency and local air district on :ming
Potential Business Impacts
Poten:al Business Impacts • IMPACT – residen:al inhala:on risk increases:
– 3+ :mes higher using 70-‐yr exposure, 95th percen:le breathing rates
– Higher if mul:-‐pathway pollutants involved • Air Permits – greater difficulty gexng air permits
– Nearby residences or sensi:ve receptors – Outright permit denial – Project design change requirements – Opera:onal constraints, emission limits – Air emission control installa:on
• CEQA – project delays, greater mi:ga:on requirements • Agency Review backlog increasing • Tip – Do and submit an approvable HRA yourself, or hire
an expert!
Project Design Strategy
Design Projects to Avoid Problems • Design projects to pass the risk thresholds, avoid
constraints, delays, cost • STEP1: Screen project feasibility w/o an HRA
– Project complexity, emission source types – Emissions strength, potency and nearby receptors – Stack heights and loca:on at facility – Air District Tier 1 look-‐up, or AB2588 priori:za:on formula
• STEP2: Screening HRA, Refined HRA – Use AERSCREEN or SCREEN3 dispersion models – Refined AERMOD and HARP if needed
• STEP 3: Change project design as needed – First do what you can, models and refinements – Stack height, loca:on, permit emission limits, controls
Approvable Health Risk Assessment? • Design your project based upon an approvable HRA
– Do this before the agency ever sees the project – Take control, don’t leave it up to the agency! – Use HARP2? – Submit the simplest possible, approvable HRA – Conserva:ve is be`er, not “up against the wire”
• Know the agency must issue the HRA decision – Agency will do an original HRA, or verify your work – HRA can become the agency review cri:cal path – Get on the same page with the agency – Work through differences early to move review along – Do a pre-‐applica:on mee:ng – Expedite the applica:on if possible
Recommenda:ons / Summary • Know HRA Guidance changes may lead to
significant impacts -‐ delays and costs • Last chance! Get agency approvals ASAP • Build HRA feasibility review into project design • Do the best, conserva9ve and approvable HRA
yourself, submit to the agency • Know the agency review process, simple vs.
refined HRAs • It is gexng complicated -‐ get the training you
need, OR • Get an expert to help!
Learn Health Risk Assessment – Online Courses
See www.bluescapeinc.com/training to sign up. Contact [email protected] for a discount code to get
20% off.
HRA1: Air Toxics Health Risk Assessments in California, with Introduc.on to HARP2
April 23rd, 9:00-‐11:30 AM PDT
HRA2: South Coast AQMD Health Risk Assessments
Under Rules 1401, 1401.1 & 212, Including Proposed Guidance Changes
May 7th, 9:00-‐11:30 AM PDT
Ques:ons? Contact Informa:on
James Westbrook, President BlueScape Environmental Office: 858-‐695-‐9200 x201 Mobile: 858-‐774-‐2009
[email protected] www.bluescapeinc.com
Webinar will be posted on
BlueScape’s Slideshare and YouTube channels