the california gold rush of 1849 jack cyphers. sutters mill in january of 1848, john sutter, the...
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The California Gold Rush of 1849
Jack Cyphers
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Sutter’s Mill
In January of 1848, John Sutter, the owner of Sutter’s Mill, sent James Marshall to build a sawmill next to a nearby creek.
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Sutter’s Mill Location
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Eureka!
“I reached my hand down and picked it up; it made my heart trump, for I was certain it was gold.” – James Marshall
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Oro! Oro! Oro!
After the discovery, Sutter and Marshall both agreed to keep the discovery a secret, but when they went to investigate the next day, they found a Spanish-speaking Native American holding a gold nugget shouting “Oro! Oro! Oro!”
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Gold Nugget
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Extra! Extra!
News of the discovery of gold soon spread across the country like wild fire.
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Forty-Niners
A group of 80,000 gold-seekers, called forty-niner, traveled to California in hope of striking it rich.
80% of the 49ers were American.
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Gold Fever
“At that time the ‘gold fever’ was contagious, and few, old or young escaped the malady [sickness]”
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Staking a Claim
49ers would prospect along banks of streams.
If they found gold, they would “stake a claim.”
Disputes over claims often occurred.
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Methods of Mining
Most Popular Type: Placer Mining Placer Mining: mining done along
rivers and streams using pans, a rocker/cradle device, or a sluice box.
This equipment was used to wash gold flakes and nuggets out of loose rock and gravel.
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Gold Mining Equipment
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Striking It Rich
Yearly Gold Production: $60 million One man 2 ½ lbs of gold after 15 min.
of work Two black miners found a rich gold
deposit. The location became known as Negro Hill in their honor.
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The Unfortunate
Most miners did not find gold. They found dept and misery.
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Mining Camps and Towns
Gold mining towns and camps formed wherever there was a large group of people looking for gold who needed a place to stay.
Examples of Camps: Skunk Gulch, Hangtown, Git-Up-and-Git, and Dry Diggings
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Columbia Mining Town
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Camps and Towns
Mining camps and towns appeared and disappeared very quickly.
Miners found themselves rich one day, and broke the next day.
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Law and Order
Little or no authority Some miners tried to set up an
informal system of law and order. Most of the time, these systems did
not work.
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People of the Camps
Mostly young, married men, About 5% of the miners were woman
or children. The women did the cooking and
cleaning.
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The Chinese and the Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush brought a large number of Chinese to America.
These Chinese were very poor back in China.
They wanted to become rich.
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The Chinese Part 2
The Chinese Miners Faced: Steep Taxes Harsh Working Conditions Discrimination
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The Chinese Part 3
Some Chinese contiued mining after they came to the U.S.
Others decided to try something else such as farming, textiles/factories, and even cigar making.
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Other Immigrants
Other Immigrants included: Europeans Mexicans South Americans
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