the byzantine empire, russians & turks chapters 11 500-1500 ce
TRANSCRIPT
The Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, Russians & Empire, Russians &
TurksTurks
Chapters 11 Chapters 11
500-1500 CE500-1500 CE
A New Rome A New Rome Byzantium – the Eastern halfByzantium – the Eastern half
JustinianJustinian - 527 CE- 527 CE Emperor of EastEmperor of East Regains Italy, parts of SpainRegains Italy, parts of Spainand North Africa from and North Africa from Germanic tribesGermanic tribes Empress Theodora – Justinian Empress Theodora – Justinian changed laws to marry herchanged laws to marry her
Absolute PowerAbsolute Power Empire & ChurchEmpire & Church
Brutal PoliticsBrutal Politics Often assassinatedOften assassinated ½ died or fled (emperors)½ died or fled (emperors)
Life in the New RomeLife in the New Rome Unique Byzantine’s Unique Byzantine’s
CharacterCharacterShare Roman TraditionShare Roman TraditionSpoke GreekSpoke Greek
Preserves Greco- RomanPreserves Greco- RomanEducationEducationChristianityChristianity
Legal expertsLegal expertsRegulate complex societyRegulate complex societyJustinian Code – single, Justinian Code – single, uniform code of lawuniform code of law
Justinian CodeJustinian Code400 yrs. of Roman Law400 yrs. of Roman Law
1. CODE1. CODE- 5000 Roman laws - 5000 Roman laws
2. DIGEST2. DIGEST- quotes and - quotes and summaries of Rome’s legal summaries of Rome’s legal thinkers.thinkers.
3. INSTITUTES3. INSTITUTES- told - told students how to use the lawsstudents how to use the laws
4. NOVELLAE- new laws - new laws made after 534 CEmade after 534 CE
Life in the New RomeLife in the New Rome
Rebuilding Rebuilding ConstantinopleConstantinopleHagia Sophia – Hagia Sophia –
Christian churchesChristian churchesMajor market placeMajor market placeWorld TradeWorld TradeHippodromeHippodrome
Free entertainmentFree entertainment
Copied RomeCopied RomeBaths, aqueducts, Baths, aqueducts,
law schools/courts, law schools/courts, hospitalshospitals
Hagia SophiaHagia Sophia
Fall of the EmpireFall of the EmpireJustinian Dies 565Justinian Dies 565Plague of JustinianPlague of Justinian
10,000 die per day10,000 die per dayOn and off for 150yrsOn and off for 150yrs
AttacksAttacksFrom East & WestFrom East & West
Bribes to keep Bribes to keep empire togetherempire togetherMarriage alliances, Marriage alliances,
bribes, military powerbribes, military power
More Results of the FallMore Results of the FallEmpire continues to Empire continues to
shrinkshrink
By 1453 falls to By 1453 falls to Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D50IUZPGPqg
Christian Church DividesChristian Church DividesOfficial Split in 11Official Split in 11thth Century – Pope and Patriarch Century – Pope and Patriarch
excommunicate eachother excommunicate eachother
Roman CatholicRoman Catholic LatinLatin Pope is authority in churchPope is authority in church Priests cannot marryPriests cannot marry Divorce not permittedDivorce not permitted
Virgin Mary & CrucifixVirgin Mary & Crucifix
Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox Greek or local languageGreek or local language Patriarchs & Bishops work Patriarchs & Bishops work
together to lead churchtogether to lead church Priests may marryPriests may marry Divorce is allowed under certain Divorce is allowed under certain
conditionsconditions Icons banned (temporarily)Icons banned (temporarily)
Cyrillic AlphabetCyrillic AlphabetOrthodox missionaries Orthodox missionaries
converted Slavs.converted Slavs.New alphabet in local New alphabet in local
languages to enable languages to enable the reading of Christian the reading of Christian Bible.Bible.
Where is it still used Where is it still used today?today?
Russia’s BirthRussia’s BirthEmergence of Russian CultureEmergence of Russian Culture
Slavic + Greek/Byzantine traditions = Russian Slavic + Greek/Byzantine traditions = Russian culture.culture.
Slavs and VikingsSlavs and VikingsVikings settle Vikings settle
among Slavs among Slavs 800s800sVikings and Slavs Vikings and Slavs
mix cultures and mix cultures and become one. become one.
Russia’s BirthRussia’s Birth
City of Kiev – can reach City of Kiev – can reach
Constantinople by river/sea = TradeConstantinople by river/sea = TradeKiev Becomes OrthodoxKiev Becomes OrthodoxKievan RussiaKievan Russia
Vladimir expands Russia Vladimir expands Russia Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise Vladimir’s son, Yaroslav the Wise
rules Kiev in 1019. rules Kiev in 1019.
Russian EmpireRussian EmpireYaroslav the WiseYaroslav the Wise
1019- Kiev (Modern Ukraine)1019- Kiev (Modern Ukraine)Marriage alliances w/ W. EuropeMarriage alliances w/ W. EuropeLegal code- commerceLegal code- commerceDivided empire among his sonsDivided empire among his sons
Bad move - Created instabilityBad move - Created instability
The Crusades The Crusades Muslims & Christians clash over Muslims & Christians clash over
holy land – disrupted tradeholy land – disrupted trade
Mongol InvasionMongol Invasion 1200’s – Genghis Khan1200’s – Genghis Khan
Mongols invade from Mongols invade from Central Asia (nomadic)Central Asia (nomadic)
Brutal & Savage HorsemenBrutal & Savage Horsemen
Golden HordeGolden Horde Batu (grandson)Batu (grandson) Demolish Kiev (1240 ce)Demolish Kiev (1240 ce)
““no eye remianed to weep”no eye remianed to weep” Demand $$ & Demand $$ &
Absolute ObedienceAbsolute Obedience Allow local customs Allow local customs
and religions and religions Rule for 200 years, isolation from W. EuropeRule for 200 years, isolation from W. Europe
Russia Breaks FreeRussia Breaks FreeMoscow founded in 1100sMoscow founded in 1100sStrategic position on 3 Strategic position on 3
riversrivers Ivan I – crushes rebellions Ivan I – crushes rebellions
against Mongols, becomesagainst Mongols, becomes
tax collector (Ivan tax collector (Ivan Moneybags), enlarges Moneybags), enlarges territory through war, land territory through war, land purchases, marriage, purchases, marriage, trickery, etc. trickery, etc.
Ivan IIIIvan IIIBecomes prince of Moscow in 1400sBecomes prince of Moscow in 1400sOpenly challenges Mongol ruleOpenly challenges Mongol ruleTakes the name czar and vows to restore Takes the name czar and vows to restore
RussiaRussiaRussia gains freedom in 1480 – refuses to Russia gains freedom in 1480 – refuses to
pay tribute = standoff. Mongols just leave. pay tribute = standoff. Mongols just leave.
The TurksThe Turks
Muslim empire controlled this areaMuslim empire controlled this areaTurks were a nomadic people – had lived Turks were a nomadic people – had lived
in the region for centuries – interacted with in the region for centuries – interacted with Muslim empire (raids, trade, Turkish Muslim empire (raids, trade, Turkish children bought as slaves)children bought as slaves)
Known for military skillsKnown for military skillsBegan converting to Islam and slowly Began converting to Islam and slowly
migrating into weakened Islamic empire in migrating into weakened Islamic empire in 1010thth century century
Seljuk TurksSeljuk Turks
Attacked and captured Baghdad (Persian)Attacked and captured Baghdad (Persian)Attacked the Byzantine Empire (did not Attacked the Byzantine Empire (did not
take Constantinople)take Constantinople)Adopted Persian culture and learningAdopted Persian culture and learning
CrusadesCrusades
Crusades – W. Europe tries to recover Crusades – W. Europe tries to recover Jerusalem and drive the Turks out of Jerusalem and drive the Turks out of AnatoliaAnatolia
Armies go through Constantinople and Armies go through Constantinople and capture Jerusalem 1099 – massacre capture Jerusalem 1099 – massacre Muslims and Jews – Latin Chrisian Muslims and Jews – Latin Chrisian kingdom lasts about a centurykingdom lasts about a century
Saladin (Muslim turk) takes back Saladin (Muslim turk) takes back Jerusalem 1187 – signs treaty with Jerusalem 1187 – signs treaty with Richard I of England Richard I of England
Mongols and TurksMongols and Turks
Mongols take Baghdad in 1258 – more Mongols take Baghdad in 1258 – more brutality brutality
Mongol empire crumbled after a few Mongol empire crumbled after a few generations – rise of the Ottoman Empire generations – rise of the Ottoman Empire follows follows