the building code and the regulatory environment · firefire-fire---risk management--risk...
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National Research National Research Council CanadaCouncil Canada
Conseil nationalConseil nationalde recherches Canadade recherches Canada
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The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code and theand theand theand theRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory
The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code The Building Code and theand theand theand theRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory
CanadaCanada
Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentRegulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment
by
Cathleen R. Taraschuk, M. Eng., P. Eng.
Technical Advisor, Structural Design
by
Cathleen R. Taraschuk, M. Eng., P. Eng.
Technical Advisor, Structural Design
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National Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model CodesNational Model Codes
� National Building Code
� National Fire Code
� National Plumbing Code
� National Farm Building Code
� National Building Code
� National Fire Code
� National Plumbing Code
� National Farm Building Code
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� National Farm Building Code� National Farm Building Code
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National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes OrganizationOrganizationOrganizationOrganizationNational Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes OrganizationOrganizationOrganizationOrganization
� CCBFC
• National Building Code
• National Fire Code
• National Farm Building Code
• National Plumbing Code
� CCBFC
• National Building Code
• National Fire Code
• National Farm Building Code
• National Plumbing Code
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� Standing Committees
• Matrix Composition
• Regulatory
• Industry
• General Interest
• Regular Meetings
• Consensus Based
• Specialty Task Groups
� Standing Committees
• Matrix Composition
• Regulatory
• Industry
• General Interest
• Regular Meetings
• Consensus Based
• Specialty Task Groups
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National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
� Change is ongoing
• Typically 5 year cycle
� From Various Sources
� Change is ongoing
• Typically 5 year cycle
� From Various Sources
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• Public
• Government
• Academia
• Standing Committees
• Recent Performance
• …
• Public
• Government
• Academia
• Standing Committees
• Recent Performance
• …
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National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
� Proposed Change Form
• info re
• problem
• proposed change
� Proposed Change Form
• info re
• problem
• proposed change
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• rationale
• cost implications
• enforcement implications
� To Standing Committees as
• normal change
• special change
� For NBC, NPC, NFBC ���� Not
Retroactive
• rationale
• cost implications
• enforcement implications
� To Standing Committees as
• normal change
• special change
� For NBC, NPC, NFBC ���� Not
Retroactive
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National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
� Normal Change
• Standing Committee Approves
• Public Review
� Normal Change
• Standing Committee Approves
• Public Review
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• Public Review
• To PTCBS
• To CCBFC
• Implementation at Next
Code Cycle
• Public Review
• To PTCBS
• To CCBFC
• Implementation at Next
Code Cycle
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National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes National Model Codes and the Change and the Change and the Change and the Change ProcessProcessProcessProcess
� Special Change
• Standing Committee Approves
• To PTCBS
� Special Change
• Standing Committee Approves
• To PTCBS
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• To PTCBS
• To CCBFC
• Immediate Implementation
as Revision
• Public Review
• To PTCBS
• To CCBFC
• Immediate Implementation
as Revision
• Public Review
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National Building National Building National Building National Building Code Code Code Code ---- Next EditionNext EditionNext EditionNext EditionNational Building National Building National Building National Building Code Code Code Code ---- Next EditionNext EditionNext EditionNext Edition
� Objective-Based Code 2003
• Performance Requirements
• Prescriptive Requirements
� Will Promote Innovation
� Objective-Based Code 2003
• Performance Requirements
• Prescriptive Requirements
� Will Promote Innovation
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� Will Promote Innovation
� Two Parts
• Division A - Objectives and
Requirements
• Alternatives to Division B -
Acceptable Solutions
(i.e. current Code)
� Will Promote Innovation
� Two Parts
• Division A - Objectives and
Requirements
• Alternatives to Division B -
Acceptable Solutions
(i.e. current Code)
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Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
� Construction ���� Regulated
� Legal Authority ���� Provinces
� Construction ���� Regulated
� Legal Authority ���� Provinces
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• Adopt or Adapt• Adopt or Adapt
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Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
� Adopt
• Nova Scotia - minor changes
• New Brunswick - minor
changes
� Adopt
• Nova Scotia - minor changes
• New Brunswick - minor
changes
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changes
• Manitoba - minor changes
• Saskatchewan
• Yukon
• NWT
• Nunavut
changes
• Manitoba - minor changes
• Saskatchewan
• Yukon
• NWT
• Nunavut
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Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
� Adapt
• Ontario
• British Columbia
• Alberta
� Adapt
• Ontario
• British Columbia
• Alberta
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• Alberta
� In Use by Major Cities
• Newfoundland
• PEI
� Not Yet
• Quebec
� Special
• Vancouver
• Montreal - Adopt
• Alberta
� In Use by Major Cities
• Newfoundland
• PEI
� Not Yet
• Quebec
� Special
• Vancouver
• Montreal - Adopt
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Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
� Enforcement ���� Municipalities
• Authority Having Jurisdiction
• Building Officials
� Enforcement ���� Municipalities
• Authority Having Jurisdiction
• Building Officials
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• Building Officials
• Plans Examiners
• Inspectors
• Building Officials
• Plans Examiners
• Inspectors
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Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and Building Codes and the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory the Regulatory FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFrameworkThree Levels of Government
� Federal
• National Model Codes
� Provincial
Three Levels of Government
� Federal
• National Model Codes
� Provincial
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� Provincial
• Legal Authority
� Municipal
• Enforcement ���� Plan Review
and Inspection
• Expertise
• Downsized
• Liability
• Inconsistent
� Provincial
• Legal Authority
� Municipal
• Enforcement ���� Plan Review
and Inspection
• Expertise
• Downsized
• Liability
• Inconsistent
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Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building CodesEnvironmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codes
� Probability Based
Initial Cost vs Acceptable
� Probability Based
Initial Cost vs Acceptable
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� Initial Cost vs Acceptable
Probability of Exceedance
� Initial Cost vs Acceptable
Probability of Exceedance
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Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building CodesEnvironmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codes
�Primary Focus on Life Safety
�Snow
• 1/30 year return on ground snow
load
�Primary Focus on Life Safety
�Snow
• 1/30 year return on ground snow
load
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load
• 20% uncertainty in ground snow
• Factors applied
• Environment Canada
load
• 20% uncertainty in ground snow
• Factors applied
• Environment Canada
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Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building CodesEnvironmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codes
�Wind
• 1/30 year return ���� main elements
• 1/10 year return ���� secondary
elements
�Wind
• 1/30 year return ���� main elements
• 1/10 year return ���� secondary
elements
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• 1/100 year return ���� post-disaster
• Factors applied
• Environment Canada
�Tornadoes
• Probability < 10-5
• 1/100 year return ���� post-disaster
• Factors applied
• Environment Canada
�Tornadoes
• Probability < 10-5
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Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building CodesEnvironmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads Environmental Loads and Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codesand Building Codes
� Earthquake
• 10% in 50 years (about 1/500)
• I of 1.0 for regular buildings
Structural and non-structural
� Earthquake
• 10% in 50 years (about 1/500)
• I of 1.0 for regular buildings
Structural and non-structural
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• Structural and non-structural
components
• Geological Survey of Canada
• Structural and non-structural
components
• Geological Survey of Canada
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Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsBuildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced Loads
� Post-Disaster Buildings
• Provides services in a disaster
• Hospitals, fire stations, police
stations, radio stations,
telephone exchanges, power
� Post-Disaster Buildings
• Provides services in a disaster
• Hospitals, fire stations, police
stations, radio stations,
telephone exchanges, power
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telephone exchanges, power
stations, electrical
substations, pumping stations,
fuel depots
� Earthquake
• Post-disaster ���� factor of 1.5
plus drift limits
• Schools ���� factor of 1.3
telephone exchanges, power
stations, electrical
substations, pumping stations,
fuel depots
� Earthquake
• Post-disaster ���� factor of 1.5
plus drift limits
• Schools ���� factor of 1.3
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Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsBuildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Buildings Requiring Enhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced LoadsEnhanced Loads
�Wind (main structural elements)
• 1/30 year for all except,
• 1/100 year for post-disaster
�Snow
�Wind (main structural elements)
• 1/30 year for all except,
• 1/100 year for post-disaster
�Snow
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�Snow
• No special considerations
� Ice
• Not specifically regulated in NBC
�Snow
• No special considerations
� Ice
• Not specifically regulated in NBC
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Part 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 ResidencesPart 9 Residences
� Previous for Part 3, 4, 5, 6
Buildings
� Part 9 ���� Prescriptive
� Masonry Reinforcement and
Seismic Zone
� Previous for Part 3, 4, 5, 6
Buildings
� Part 9 ���� Prescriptive
� Masonry Reinforcement and
Seismic Zone
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Seismic Zone
� Anchorage of Water Heaters
and Seismic Zone
� Snow Loads
� Tornadoes ���� Roof
Anchorage
���� Foundation
Anchorage
Seismic Zone
� Anchorage of Water Heaters
and Seismic Zone
� Snow Loads
� Tornadoes ���� Roof
Anchorage
���� Foundation
Anchorage
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Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Environmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsNext Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Next Cycle Environmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental LoadsEnvironmental Loads
� Harmonization of Approach
• I vs return periods
� Address Post-Disaster for
Earthquake, Snow, Wind
� Harmonization of Approach
• I vs return periods
� Address Post-Disaster for
Earthquake, Snow, Wind
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Earthquake, Snow, Wind
� Address Schools for
Earthquake, Snow, Wind ����
direct result of ice storm
Earthquake, Snow, Wind
� Address Schools for
Earthquake, Snow, Wind ����
direct result of ice storm
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Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Related ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsSources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Sources of Building Related ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated ProblemsRelated Problems
� Design Stage
• Codes/Standards
• Design
� Fabrication Stage
� Design Stage
• Codes/Standards
• Design
� Fabrication Stage
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� Fabrication Stage
� Construction Stage
� Changing Conditions
� Maintenance
� . . .
� Fabrication Stage
� Construction Stage
� Changing Conditions
� Maintenance
� . . .
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IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s Construction Construction Construction Construction Technology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology Centre
IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s IRC: Canada’s Construction Construction Construction Construction Technology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology CentreTechnology Centre
� Mission
• Develops core competencies,
knowledge base critical to
construction needs
� Mission
• Develops core competencies,
knowledge base critical to
construction needs
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• Supports development,
commercialization,
implementation of leading
technologies
• Fosters safe, sustainable built
environment through
development of codes and
standards
• Supports development,
commercialization,
implementation of leading
technologies
• Fosters safe, sustainable built
environment through
development of codes and
standards
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IRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program AreasIRC Program Areas
� Building Envelope and Structure
� Indoor Environment
� Fire-Risk Management
� Building Envelope and Structure
� Indoor Environment
� Fire-Risk Management
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� Urban Infrastructure
Rehabilitation
� Codes and Evaluations
� Urban Infrastructure
Rehabilitation
� Codes and Evaluations
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Building EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding Envelopeand Structureand Structureand Structureand StructureBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding EnvelopeBuilding Envelopeand Structureand Structureand Structureand Structure
� Objective
• Develop technologies for the
design, construction and
operation of durable, energy-
efficient and cost-effective
building envelope systems
� Objective
• Develop technologies for the
design, construction and
operation of durable, energy-
efficient and cost-effective
building envelope systems
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building envelope systems
and structures.
� Sub-Programs
• Wall and Window Systems
• Roofing Systems
• Thermal and Moisture
Performance of Systems
• Durability and Repair of
Concrete Structures
building envelope systems
and structures.
� Sub-Programs
• Wall and Window Systems
• Roofing Systems
• Thermal and Moisture
Performance of Systems
• Durability and Repair of
Concrete Structures
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Indoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor EnvironmentIndoor Environment
� Objective
• Develop cost-effective
technologies for the design
and operation of indoor
environments that maximize
the comfort, productivity,
� Objective
• Develop cost-effective
technologies for the design
and operation of indoor
environments that maximize
the comfort, productivity,
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the comfort, productivity,
health and safety of building
occupants.
� Sub-Programs
• Lighting and Human Factors
• Ventilation and Indoor Air
Quality
• Acoustics
the comfort, productivity,
health and safety of building
occupants.
� Sub-Programs
• Lighting and Human Factors
• Ventilation and Indoor Air
Quality
• Acoustics
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FireFireFireFire----Risk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementFireFireFireFire----Risk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk ManagementRisk Management
� Objective
• Develop technologies to
enhance fire protection in
buildings, save lives, and
reduce the risks and cost of
� Objective
• Develop technologies to
enhance fire protection in
buildings, save lives, and
reduce the risks and cost of
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reduce the risks and cost of
fire.
� Sub-Programs
• Active Fire Protection
• Fire-Resistant Construction
• Residential and Commercial
Buildings
• Industrial Buildings
reduce the risks and cost of
fire.
� Sub-Programs
• Active Fire Protection
• Fire-Resistant Construction
• Residential and Commercial
Buildings
• Industrial Buildings
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Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure RehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationUrban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure Urban Infrastructure RehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitation
� Objective
• Develop technologies to
enhance the performance and
durability of road systems and
buried services and to
� Objective
• Develop technologies to
enhance the performance and
durability of road systems and
buried services and to
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buried services and to
enhance the management of
these assets.
� Sub-Programs
• Urban Roads
• Buried Utilities
• Concrete Structures
buried services and to
enhance the management of
these assets.
� Sub-Programs
• Urban Roads
• Buried Utilities
• Concrete Structures
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Code DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode DevelopmentCode Development
� Objective
• To develop Canada's national
construction codes to assure
uniformity and efficiency in
construction, and to address
public health and safety.
� Objective
• To develop Canada's national
construction codes to assure
uniformity and efficiency in
construction, and to address
public health and safety.
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public health and safety.
• Further the adoption of
national codes
• Lead the construction industry
toward a system of objective-
based codes
• Publish practice guides
facilitating the interpretation
and application of the codes
public health and safety.
• Further the adoption of
national codes
• Lead the construction industry
toward a system of objective-
based codes
• Publish practice guides
facilitating the interpretation
and application of the codes
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Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Construction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsEvaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Evaluation of Construction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction ProductsConstruction Products
� Objective
• To provide a national
evaluation service that
facilitates market acceptance
of innovative products and
� Objective
• To provide a national
evaluation service that
facilitates market acceptance
of innovative products and
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of innovative products and
systems nationally and
internationally.
of innovative products and
systems nationally and
internationally.