the buckner clay endowment for the humanities center for the liberal arts archaeological institute...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Buckner Clay Endowment for the HumanitiesCenter for the Liberal Arts
Archaeological Institute of America
Archaeology WorkshopMarch 14, 2015
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Roman coins, Roman history, and succession to power:UVA digital images and your classes
John DobbinsProfessor of Classical Art & Archaeology
McIntire Department of ArtUniversity of Virginia
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Fun with Roman Coins!
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Telling stories with Roman Coins!
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The UVA Coin Website
coins.lib.virginia.edu
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Caligula
Augustus Tiberius
Claudius Nero
Caligula
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Caligula
Augustus 27 BC-AD 14 Tiberius 14-37
Claudius 41-54 Nero 54-68
Caligula 37-41
Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors
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Ancient coins are “struck.”They are not “cast.”
1. Engrave two dies: obv. & rev.
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Ancient coins are “struck.”They are not “cast.”
1. Engrave two dies: obv. & rev.2. Set the obv. die into the anvil and the rev. die onto a punch
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Ancient coins are “struck.”They are not “cast.”
1. Engrave two dies: obv. & rev.2. Set the obv. die into the anvil and the rev. die onto a punch
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A precious metal coinage
Gold Silver Orichalcum (brass: copper , zinc, cadmium) Bronze (copper & tin)
aureus
25 denarii400 asses
denarius
16 asses
assestertius
4 asses
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From The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. 1, revised edition, 1984, p. 3
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The problem of succession in the Roman empire
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The problem of succession in the Roman empire:
Lacking a systematic policy, what are the possibilities for achieving the
transition from one emperor to the next?
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YOUR LIST:
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out2. Have a son
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out.2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor5A. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard select a successor
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out.2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor5A. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard select a successor5B. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard auction off the empire to the highest bidder.
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out.2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor5A. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard select a successor5B. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard auction off the empire to the highest bidder.5C. . . . and take power yourself!
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out.2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor5A. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard select a successor5B. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard auction off the empire to the highest bidder.5C. . . . and take power yourself!
6. When there is a power vacuum, seize power
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1. Do nothing and let history work itself out.2. Have a son3. Adopt an heir4. Turn it over to powerful women
5. Assassinate the emperor5A. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard select a successor5B. . . . and let the Praetorian Guard auction off the empire to the highest bidder.5C. . . . and take power yourself!
6. When there is a power vacuum, seize power7. Retire and let your pre-selected successor take the job
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Augustus 27 BC-AD 14 Tiberius 14-37
Claudius 41-54 Nero 54-68
Caligula 37-41
Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors
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Augustus
Good planning -- Bad luck!
Term: exergue
Not UVA
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Obv. CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAECaesar Augustus, son of the Deified (Julius),
Father of the Country
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Obv. CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAECaesar Augustus, son of the Deified (Julius),
Father of the Country
Rev. C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENTGaius and Lucius Caesar, sons of Augustus, consuls
designate, leaders of the youth
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Obv. CAESAR AVGVSTVS DIVI F PATER PATRIAE
Rev. C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT
Gaius: b. 20 BC; d. AD 4Lucius: b. 17 BC; d. AD 2
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Not UVA
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Rev. TI CAESAR AVG F TR POT XV
Tiberius Caesar, son of Augustus,with tribunician power for the 15th time
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How did Tiberius plan? He didn’t, at least not initially.
Augustus meddled and planned for him.
Drusus Germanicus Drusus the Younger
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How did Tiberius plan? He didn’t, at least not initially.
Augustus meddled and planned for him.
Drusus Germanicus Drusus the Younger
Germanicus died in 19
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As of Tiberius depicting his son Drusus
Upon the death of Germanicus in 19,Drusus the Younger became the newheir.
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As of Tiberius depicting his son Drusus
DRVSUS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N
Upon the death of Germanicus in 19,Drusus the Younger became the newheir.
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Obv. DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N
Drusus Caesar, son of Tiberius Augustus, grandson of the deified Augustus
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Good news!
Also in 19, Drusus and his wife Livilla give birth to twin sons,Tiberius Gemellus & Germanicus Gemellus!!!
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Rev. DRVSVS CAESAR TI AVG F DIVI AVG N PONT TR POT II
Drusus Caesar, son of Tiberius Augustus, grandson of the Deified Augustus, Priest, with tribunician power for the
second time
SCSenatus consulto
By decree of theSenate
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Drusus and his son, Germanicus Gemellus die in 23. Tiberius must make new plans.
Key words: Caligula, Capri, Tiberius Gemellus, Sejanus Tiberius dies in 37
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Caligula (Gaius) 37-41
Caligula & his mother, Agrippina the Elder
Not UVA
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Caligula (Gaius) 37-41
Caligula & his mother, Agrippina the Elder
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Caligula & his mother, Agrippina the Elder
Agrippina: grand daughter of Augustus
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Caligula & his mother, Agrippina the Elder
Agrippina: grand daughter of Augustus
Germanicus (C’s father): son of Tiberius’ brother;grandson of Livia
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Caligula & his mother, Agrippina the Elder
Agrippina: grand daughter of Augustus
Germanicus (C’s father): son of Tiberius’ brother;grandson of Livia
Caligula: great grandson of Augustus great grandson of Livia
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A brief summary of Caligula’s reign: excess, incest, and unfinished aqueducts
Assassinated in 41
Not UVA
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Claudius 41-54
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Claudius Agrippina the Youngersister of Caligula
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Claudius Agrippina the YoungerPersuades Claudius to adopt
her son, Nero
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Claudius Agrippina the Younger
The poison mushroom caper of 54. (This was not good for Claudius )
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Nero Agrippina the YoungerNot UVA
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Obv. Agrippina, wife of the deified Claudius, mother of Nero Caesar
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Obv. Agrippina, wife of the deified Claudius, mother of Nero Caesar
Rev. For Nero Caesar Augustus Germanicus, son of the deified Claudius, imperator, with tribunician power
By decree of the Senate
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Augustus 27 BC-AD 14 Tiberius 14-37
Claudius 41-54 Nero 54-68
Caligula 37-41
Augustus and the Julio-Claudian Emperors
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Civil War!
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Year 68-69
“The year of the four emperors”
Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
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VesapasianTitus Flavius Vespasianus
Flavian Dynasty
Vespasian Titus Domitian
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