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CORNELLUNIVERSITYLIBRARY
THE
WORDSWORTH COLLECTION
?Si»>.eiw?'
THEBristol and Hotwell
G U ID E;O R,
UJeful Entertaining Pocket Companion
For all Perfons refiding at, or reforting to
Briftol, the Hotwell, or their Vicinities:
CONTAININGAn Hiftorical Account of the ancient and
prefent State of that Opulent City:
ALSO,
Ofthe Hotwell/rom itsjirjl Dijcovery;
The Nature, Properties and Effe6ls of its
MEDICINAL WATER.TO WHICH IS ADDED
A Defcriptidn of Clifton and the adjacent Country, Mo-numents of Antiquity, principal Seats, Natural and otherremarkable Curiofities, &c. &c.
Compiled by E. S H I E R C L I F F.
Bristol: printed by Bulgin and Rosser,
For E. Shiercliff,J. B. Becket, W. Browne, J.
Norton, T.Mills, W. Bulgin, andJ. Lloyd.
1789,
• Vkic^ One Shilling and Six-pence,
IpiiiM
C O N T E N T S.
HISTORICAL account of Bristol, its prefent State,
Situation, Extent, Police, Trade, Manufaftures, Fairs,
Markets, &c.
The Cathedral, Parifh Churches, Chapels, and Places of
Divine Worfhip, Public Edifices, Schools, Hofpitals,
and other charitable Foundations ; Theatre, Squares,
Quays, Docks, Shipping, &c. -
Regulation of the Affemblies, and other polite
Amufements.
Corporation, Common Council, and Officers of the
City of Briflol.
Banking Companies.
Regulations to which the Owners and Drivers of
Hackney Coaches are fubjeft.
Mail, and other Coaches, from Briftol to different
Parts of England.
Carriers to and from Briflol.
Trading and Coafting Veflels.
Going out and coming in of the Pofls at Briflol.
Holidays obferved at the Cullom Houfe and at the
Banks in Briftol.
A 2 Directions
CONTENTS.Directions for Travellers to pafs the Severn into Wales;
Historical Account of the Hotwell, from its firft
Difcovery ; the Nature, Property, and Effefts of its
Medicinal Water, with a valuable Catalogue of the
Plants which grow on St. Vincent's Rocks and
Neighbourhood, fome of which are peculiar thereto.
Regulation of Aflemblies at the Long Rooms, Hot-
well.
Description of Clifton, and the adjacent Country.
The various Monuments of Antiquity, principal Seats,
Natural and other Curiofities, &c.
ERRATA.Page 2 Line 15 Dele one of the oldeft in Briftol.
— Ult. (and where elfe it occurs) for Cambdenread Camden.
7 13 For alledging read alleging.
— 18 For Somerfetfhire read Wiltfliire,
11 16 From the Bottom, for is read are.
1
2
7 From the Bottom, read to the Cathedral, or
the Mayor's Chapel.
13 8 From the Bottom, for they read other Ports.
16 17 From the Bottom, for Oar read Ore.
N. B. The Plate of the Arab is (mentioned in Page 68of this Work) could not poffibly be finifhed in dueTime; we are obliged, therefore, to inform the Pur-chafers that it (hall be given to them, as foon as it canbe got ready.
INTRODUCTION.
INTRODUCTION.
BRISTOL and the HOTWELLS having oflate years become principal places of refort, the firft
by reafon of its great opulence, it being the fecond City in
England for trade, magnificence, number of {hipping,
inhabitants, &c. &c. The latter on account of the verygreat reputation which its Waters have acquired in the
cure of Confumptions, Afthmas, Diabetes, and manyother complaints ; the romantic fituation of thofe Wells,
and wonderful paffagc of the river winding its courfe be-
tween the vaft ftupendous rocks of St. Vincent, the manynatural curiofities and produftions with which thefe rocks
and the country adjacent abound ; the delightful viewswhich on every fide prefent themfelves, captivating the eye
and filling the imagination with the mou; pleafing ideas,
have excited the wifh of almoft all the nobility and gentry
who have honoured thefe places with their vifits, that fotne
fort of Guide or Direftory was publilhed, by which they
might obtain the knowledge of whatever is worthy obfer-
vation in their vicinity. This confideration has induced us
to compile the following Treatife; in doing which, wehave endeavoured to procure the beft information to enable
us to point out fuch Objefts, Places, or Things, as may be
moft conducive to anfwer fuch general wifhes. And weflatter ourfelves, that we have fo far fucceeded herein, as to
make it not only an ufeful companion to ftrangers, but alfo
fo thofe who are refident.
It is not our intention, nor will our limits, as a Guide,
admit of entering minutely into the Hiftory of Briflol;
But as it may be expefted that we fhould give a general
outline of what is commonly received traditionally, or
B otherwife;
2 T H E B R r S T O- L AN D'
Gtherwife ; as to its origin, before it emerged from obfcu-
rity, and rofe to its prefent eminence, we will fo far complywith this expefclation as may be confident with our plan,
and fliall firft proceed with a concife account of the
Ancient State of B R IS TO L, ,
Bristol is fald to have been founded by Brennus th6
fon of Malmutius, firft king of the Britons, who lived
three hundred and eighty years before the oommencementof the Chriftian yEra. Belmus and this Brennus, the tWo
fonsof Malmutius, reigned jointly after their father as kings
of Briteign, and peaceably governed the kingdom between
them for the fpace of five years, during which Brennus
built the City of Briftol. The ftatues of thefe two bro-
thers, which are fixed on the fouth fide of St. John'schurch, one of the oldeft in Briftol, is a monumental evi-
dence of the antiquity of this tradition. When or bywhom thefe ftatues were fct up, is uncertain, but they
appear to be as ancient as the town itfelf.
It was called at firft by the Britons, Caer-Oder NanteBadon i. e. the City of Odera in Badon Valley. But Le-land gives it as his opinion that it fhould be read NanteAvon (from the river on the banks of which it is fituate)
rather than Badon, Nante fignifying properly a place in
which a river flbv/-s. During the Roman times it w^as cal-
led Venta-Belgarum ;• and' afterwards its name was chang-
ed to Caer Brito (the City Brito) after the Saxon conqueft,
the Britifh name of Caer Brito, as well asmoft other origi-
nal names of places, became Saxonized, and varioufly
modified, according to the fancy or different manner offpelling ufed by the chronologers of the earlier ages, until
it fettled in its- prefent orthography.
Gildas, an ancient Britifh hiftorian who died in the year
of our Lord 570, has fet down " Briftow" in his lift offortified and moft eminent cities that were in Britain in the
year 430, when the Romans abandoned this ifland.
No mention is made in, hiftory of Briftol during the
ravages of the Danes ; and Cambden fays, that it was not
diftinguifHecl
HDTWELL CUIDE. .3
.^rftinguifhed 'till towards the decline of the Saxon heptar-chy. In the year 1063, according to Florence of Worcef-ter, Harold, the fon of Earl Godwin, embarked fromBriftol with his army to take revenge on Griffith, King ofWales, who had committed many outrages. He failed
along the greatefb part of the Welch coaft, landing his menin divers places ; when having reduced the country to theobedience of King Edward, after ravaging it and compel-ling the Welchmen to cut off their King's head, he tookhoflages for their fidelity, and returned again to England.
Englifh Cathedral-churches, or Bifhops' fees, were by thedecree of a general fynod in the year 1076, femoved fromvillages to great towns, whence the diftinftion arofe be-tween cities and towns in England
; yet this diftinftion wasnot always fo ftriftly obferved in old times as it now is ; for
many eminent places were then called cities even by the
monkifh writers, which had no Bifhop's -fee, Briftol beingby them ftiled a city long before it hSd a Bifhop.
Ill Doomfday-book, which was fi'nifhed in the year 1086,
by direftion of William the firfr, furnamed the Conqueror,there is this entry refpefting Briftol: "Briftow, with Barton,
an adjoining farm, paid to the King 110 marks of filver."
And the burgefles returned, thatBifhop G. had 33 marks,and one of gold." This Bifliop G. is fuppofed to be God-frey, Bifhop of Conftance, and to be the cuftos or pro-
prietor of the caftie of Briftol at that time: This caftlc
was then looked upon as a very ftrong fortrefs ; for on flic
death of the Conqueror, in the firft year of the reign of
William Rufus his fucceffor, the Bifliop of Conftance, with
his nephew Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland,
joined in a rebellion againft the King, and making Briftol
tlieir head quarters, the caftie became the common repofito-
ry of all the plunder taken round about as far as Berkley
and Bath ; and from hence they penetrated into Wiltfhire,
ravaged that county, and entering the fouth-eaft quarter of
Somerfetflin-e, fat down before Ilchefter, but were there
repulfed.
Cambden fpeaking of the Caftie of Briftol, fays that it
was founded by Robert Rufus Earl of Glocefter; but
therein he muft have been miftaken ; for King Henry the
B2 flrft,
2 T H E B R r S T O- L AN D
otherwife ; as to its origin, before it emerged from obfcu-
rity, and rofe to its prefent eminence, we will fo far complywith this cxpeftation as may be confifbent with our plan,
and fhall firft proceed with a concife account of the
Ancient State o-f B RIS TO L, ,
Bristol is faid to have been founded by Brennus thtf
fon of Malmutius, firft king of the Britons, who lived
three hundred and eighty years before the c-ommencementof the Chriftian yEra. Behnus and this Brennus, the twofonsof Malmutius, reigned jointly after their father as kings
of Briteigfij and peaceably governed the kingdom betweenthem for the fpace of five years, during which Brennusbuilt the City of Briftol. The ftatues of thefe two bro-thers, which are fixed on the fouth fide of St. John'schurch, one of the oldeft in Briftol, is a monumental evi-
dence of the antiquity of this tradition. When or bywhom thefe ftatues were fct up, is uncertain, but theyappear to be as ancient as the town itfelf.
It was called at firft by the Britons, Caer-Oder NanteBadon i. e, the City of C3dera in Badon Valley. But Le-land gives it as his opinion that it fhould be read NanteAvon (from the river on the banks of which it is fituate)
rather than Badon, Nante fignifying properly a place inwhich a river fl'ovAS. During the Roinan times it was cal-
led Venta-Belgarum ;• and'afterw-ards its name was chang-ed to CaerBrito (the City Brito) after the Saxon conqueft,the Britifti name of Caer Brito, as well asmoft other origi-
nal names of places, became Saxonized, and variouflymodified, according to the fancy or different manner offpelling ufed by the chronologers of the earlier ages, untilit fettled in its prefent orthography.
Gildas, an ancient Britifh hiftorian who died in the yearof our Lord 570, has fet down " Briftow" in his lift offortified and moft eminent cities that were in Britain in theyear 430, when the Romans abandoned this ifland.
No mention is made in, hiftory of Briftol during theravages of the Danes; and Cambden fays, that it was not
diftinguifriecl
HOT WELL GUIDE. 3
«iiftinguifhed 'till towards the decline of the Saxon heptar-chy. In the year 1063, according to Florence of Worcef-ter, Harold, the fon of Earl Godwin, embarked fromBriftol with his army to take revenge on Griffith, King ofWales, who had committed many outrages. He failedalong the greateft part of the Welch coaft, landing his menin divers places ; when having reduced the country to theobedience of King Edward, after ravaging it and compel-ling the Welchmen to cut off their King's head, he tookhoflages for their fidelity, and returned again to England.
Englifh Cathedral-churches, or Bifliops' fees, were by thedecree of a general fynod in the year 1076, Removed fromvillages to great towns, whence the diftinftion arofe be-tween cities and towns in England,; yet this diftinftion wasnot always fo ftriftly obferved in old times asit now is ; for
many eminent places were then called cities even by themonkifh writers, which had no Bifhop's fee, BTiftol beingby them fliled a city long before it liifid a BiflTop.
Ill Doomfday-book, which was fi^nifhed in the year 1086,by direftion of William the firll, furnamed the Conqueror,there is this entry refpefting Briftol: "Briftow. with Barton,
an adjoining farm, paid to the King 110 marks of filver."
And the burgefles returned, thatBifhop'G. had 33 marks,and one of gold." This Bifliop G. is fuppofed to be God-frey, Bifhop of Conftance, and to be the cuftos or pro-
prietor of the caftle of Briftol at that time: This caftlc
was then looked upon as a very ftrong fortrefs ; for on tlic
death of the Conqueror, in the firft year of the reign of
William Rufus his fucceffor, the Bifliop of Conftance, withhis nephew Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland,
joined in a rebellion againft the King, and making Briftol
their head quaiters, the caftle became the common repoftto-
ry of all the plunder taken round about as far as Berkley
and Bath ; and from hente they penetrated into Wiltfhire,
ravaged that county, and entering the fouth-eaft quarter of
Somerfetfliu-e, fat down before Ilchefter, but were there
repulfed.
Cambden fpeaking of the Caftlc of Briftol, fays that it
was founded by Robert Rufus Earl of Gloccfter; but
tliereih he muft have been miftaken ; for King Henry the
B2 firft,
4 THEBRISTOLAND
firft, who was the father of that Earl, was but 19 years old
when the above rebellion happened. However thus muchis certain, that although he was not the founder, yet he
greatly added to its ftrength, enlarging it with buildings
and outworks, erefting a palace and other houfes, and alfo a
moft magnificent tower, I'carcely to be equalled in England,
encompaffing the whole with ftrong walls; and we are told,
that whilft he was employed in this work, he out of his
piety laid afide every tenth ftone, and therewith built the
priory of St, James, wherein he and his wife were after
their deceafe buried.
William, of Worcefter, who furveyed this caftle about
the fourteenth century fays, that the caftle itfelf was 540feet long, and 300 feet broad, that it ftood on an area of
three acres and three quarters of ground, exclufive of
houfeSj barracks, gardens, courts, yards, and other accom-
modations made within its walls for the officers and garri-
fon -, and Leland, who furveyed it in the fixteenth century
when it was in its decay, gives the following defcription of
it " In the caftle, fays he, are two courts, in the outer
court and northweft pait of it, is a great dungeon tower,
built of ftone, faid to be brought from Caen, in Norman-dy, by the red Earl of Glocefter ; alfo a church and manylodging apartments. In two areas on the fouth-fide of it,
is a great gate, a ftone bridge, and three bulwarks on the
left bank of the mouth of the river Froom, (by which he^nuftmean that branch of it that runs in the Caftle-ditch.)
There are many towers yet ftanding in both the courts,
but all tending to ruin."
The caftle continued to be part of the county of Glo-cefter, for two hundred and fifty-fix years after Briftol hadbeen made a county by itfelf: but in the year 1629, KingCharles the firft, by charter, made the caftle appendant to
the city of Briftol, and wholly feparated it from the countyof Glocefter ; the reafons given in that charter for fucn
feparation, are, becaufe no juftice of the peace belonging
to the county refided then near the caftle ; and the officers
of the city having no authority or jurifdiftion there, it
became an afylum for thieves, malefaftors, and other dif-
orderly people. And befides that, divers perfons able and£t
HOT WELL GUIDE. 5
fit for fervice in war, when their fervice became needful,
fled to the caftle, and fo with others efcaped unpunifhed ;
and alfo becaufe his dearly-beloved confort HenriettaMaria the Queen had requefted the fame.
Eighteen months after the caftle had been added to the
county of the city of Briftol, it was fold by King Charles
the firft to the mayor and burgefles of Briftol, with all its
buildings, houfes, lands, and appendages for ever, for the
fum of 959I. to hold the fame as of the manour of Eaft
Greenwich, in Kent, by fealty only in fee and commonfoccage, and not in capite, nor by knights fervice, at the
yearly fee farm rent of forty pounds.The caftle of Briftol is memorable in hiftory, for that
Earl Robert at the battle of Lincoln having taken KingStephen a prifoner, he was brought to Briftol, and by the
Emprefs Matilda's order ignominioufly treated, loaded with
chains and clofely confined in the dungeon tower of the
caftle, where he remained 'till a reverfe of fortune happen-ing in his favour, procured his enlargment ; this was occa»
fioned by Earl Robert's being taken prifoner as he wasendeavouring to forward the Emprels's efcape from Win-chefter, where fhe was belieged by the King's army. Bythis means the Queen having got the Earl into her power,
retaliated, and ordered that he fhould be treated with the
fame ignominy and feverity that the King was made to
fuffer. This produced an accommodation, wherein it wasagreed that the King fhould be exchanged for Earl Robert,
and that the Queen herfelf fhould become an hoftage for her
hufband's enlargement, which fhe complying with waskept in the caftle, 'till Earl Robert returned thither, whenfhe was let free.
The Emprefs being harraffed in war, and often in great
danger of becoming a captive, committed the education of
her fon Prince Henry Plantagenet (afterwards King Henrythe 2d) to the Earl of Glocefter, who conduced him to
Briftol, as a place of the greateft fafety, where he conti-
nued four years under the tuition of the beft mafters.
Here he was trained up in fuch exercifes as were moft pro-
per to form his body for war, and in thofe ftudies which
would embellifh and ftrenethcn his mind ; and as Naturehad
€ T K £ S R >I S T G L AND
had happily endowed him with a noble magnanim,ous dif-
pofition, open and brave, he eafily imbibed the leflbns of
truth, which ever kept him from being led afide by the Sy-
ren voice of flattery. Here he received the rudiments of
thofe excellent qualifications which rendered him fo truly
illuftrious, and laid the foundation of his future greatnefs,
while in this fituation the kingdom he was born to inherit,
was fought for, with alternate fuccefs, by the Emprefs his
mother and King Stephen.
In the year 1211 King John laid a heavy tax upon all
the Jews throughout his dominions. One of that race, na-
med Abraham, refiding in Briflol, refufed to pay this tax,
for which he was fined in the fum of ten thoufand marks
^
This the obftiiiate Jew refufed to pay alfo, which fo muchexafperated the King that he commanded one of his teeth
to be drawn every day till the fum was paid ; the unfortu-
nate Jew had feven of them taken out of his head, and
then fubmitted to the pavment, rather than lofe his laft
tooth, he having but one left.
Prince Henry the eldeft ion of King John (afterwards
King Flenrv the ^d) was, on account of the troublefome
wars his fatiier was engaged in with his Barons, placed in
Briftol during his minority, to be in fafetv, and receive aneducation fuitable to his high ftation ; he having with himmany noblemen and tutors retained for that purpofe. Atthis period it was ordered, " that Briflol fliould be go-
verned b}' a Mayor, to be chofen in the fame manner as wasdone in London; with two grave lad worfliipful men whowere called Prepofitors."
In the reign of King Henry the 3d, the Gloccfterfhire
fides and the Somerfetfhire fides of the river Avon, whichformed two diftinft towns, independent of each other,
were united, and a bi-idge built over the river, on both fides
of which were erefted lofty houfcs. fo as to become aflrect
;
molt of thele houfcs had capital (hops, ^vhercin was carried
on a very great trade. In the centre was a chapel built
acrofs the bridge, from one fide of the flreet to the other, ofa height fufficient for loaded waggons or other carriages to
pafs under it. And whereas the market for edibles, &c.was, before this communication took place, held in each
town
HO T WE L L GUIDE. 7
town or borough feparately, it was ordained, that for ths
future all provifions Ihould be brought into one market, to
be kept at the High-Crofs, which flood in the midft be-
tween High-flreet, Wine-ilreet, Broad-flreet, and Corn-ftreet, the four principal ftreets of the town. In procefs
of time this crofs was adjudged an obftruftion, as being in
the way of carriages pafTmg and repaffing ; it was taken
down, and removed into the College-Green, where its
beauty and elegance attrafted the admiration of all that fawit. Yet, alas ! its beauty, even there, could not fave it
from the ravages of thofe who, having neither tafte for ele-
gance, nor veneration for antiquity, caufed it to be again
taken down, meanly alledging, as a reafon for fo doing,
that it was a harbour for loofe diforderly people ; thus wasthis ineftimable edifice, the boaft of the citizens, loll to
Briftol for ever. But it gives us fome pleafure to inform
our readers, that it is yet preferved, and again erefted al
Stourhead, in Somerfetfhire, the feat of Hoare, Efq,
In the year 1283 the firft regular fummons by writ, di-
refted to the Mayor and Chief Magiftrates of Briftol, wasiffuedby King Edward the ift, requiring that two perfons
fhould be fent as reprefentatives to ferve in his Parliament
at Shrewfbury.
In the reign of Edward the gd^ Briftol was made a county
of itfelfj for the good fervices the King had received there-
from by fea and land ; and the boundaries were markedout by ftones which were fet up on the Somerfetfhire andGlocefterfhire fides of the town, for the information of
pofterity, to fhew how far the liberties fhould extend.
King Henry the 7th, with the Lord Chancellor, came to
Briftol, in the year 1490, and kept his Court at St. Au-guftine's-Back. The citizens, willing to fhew his Majefty
all the refpeft they could during his refidence, arrayed
themfelves in their beft cloaths ; the King thinking fome
of their wives rather too well dreffed for their ftation, or-
dered that every citizen who was worth 20I. in goods,
fhould pay 20s. for that their wives went fo fumptuoufly
apparelled.
In the year 1541 King Henry the 8th, having fuppreffed
the Monaflery of St. Auguftine, erefled it into a Bifhop's
8 THE BRISTOL AND
See, and conftituted Paul Bufh, the Rcftor ofWinterbournjits firft Bifhop, and Briflol was now, by proclamation,
declared a city.
In the unfortunate reign of Charles the ift Briftol ck-
perienced many viciffitudes and troubles. On the break-
ing out of the unhappy civil war, it was garrifoned by the
Parliament's army, and Colonel Nathaniel Fiennes wasmade Governor. This was a place of great importance,
as it awed all the weftern counties, and had accommoda-tions for a large army. The King fenfible of the advan-
tages attending fo eligible a poft, was defirous to have it
in his poffeflion. There were many Royalifts in the city,
who engaged to take it by ftratagem, but their fcheme be-
ing difcovered, Alderman Yeamans and Mr. Bourchier,
being the principal encouragers of the intended revolt,
were tried by martial law, condemned, and immediately
executed ; the reft of the confpiralors efcaped. The Kingfinding that his friends had mifcarried in their attempts,
refolved to lay fiege to it with a large army : accordingly
Prince Maurice and the Marquis of Hertford having taken
the city of Bath, Prince Rupert was ordered from Oxfordwith a reinforcement to join them, and march immediately
for Briftol, where they arrived the 24th of July, 1643.. .
The garrifon was well provided with men, ammunition,and every thing neceffary to make a vigorous defence : the
befiegers feeing the improbability of taking the city byblockade, refolved to ftorm it, which they did in fix dif-
ferent places, fo effeftually that the befieged were unablelonger to refift, therefore capitulated. This < vent washighly favourable to the royal caufe, though it was dearly
purchafed, the King having loft many of his moft valua-
ble officers, and 500 of his beft troops in the reducing it.
However he was fo well fatisfied that he ordered a public
thankfgiving on the occafion ; and on the 3d of Auguftfollowing, the King himfelf came to Briftol, with PrinceCharles, the Duke of York, and feveral of the Nobility.
The King lodged at thehoufe ofAlderman Crefwick in Smallftreet, and the Prince and Duke at Alderman Holworthy's,
which was in the fame ftreet, direftly oppofite. Briftol re-
mained in the King's hands all the next year ; but Sir Wil-liam
HOTWELL GUIDE. 9
liam Waller being fent by the Parliament Avith a large armyinto the Weft, the King began to be apprehenfive for its-
fate; efpecially as he was not ignorant that many of the
inhabitants were difaflefted to his caufe. He therefore dif-
patched an order to Lord Hopton, to ufe his utmoft exer-
tions in providing for its fecurity ; he alfo lent Prince
Charles to infpeft the fortifications, who arrived jult in
time to prevent a defign which the inhabitants had formedof delivering up the city to the Parliament's forces. ThePrince, with the affiftance of Lord Hopton, foon put the
city in fuch a ftate as to fear little from its enemies without,.
which having compleated, he retired to Barnllable to
avoid the peftilence which began to rage in Briftol.
After the King's defeat at the unfortunate battle of Nafe-
by, Prince Rupert repaired to Briilol, which place he,
found fo well fupplied with men, provifions, and ammuni-
tion, that he wrote to his Majefty, alluring him that he
could fuftain a four month's hege. From the known va-
lour of the Prince great expeftations were formed, and
every body concluded that a vigorous defence would have
been made, but to the aftonifhment of the whole kingdom,
when Sir Thomas Fairfax undertook the fiege, on the 2ifl:
of Auguft, th« Prince capitulated, and gave up the place
on the nth of September following. The unhappy King
was fo chagrined at this lofs, and the trifling refifl:ance
made by the Prince to prifcrve the city, that in the firft
tranfports of his anger he revoked all his Commiffions,
and wrote to him to quit the kingdom immediately.
In the year 1654, Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector,
fent orders for pulling down Briftol Caftle, and all the for-
tifications (hereunto belonging; accordingly the whole was
erazed to the ground, and there are only a few veftiges of
the foundation now remaining. Thus was this fortrefsy
which had been deemed impregnable in former ages, before-
the modern art of war and invention of gunpowder, totally
deftroyed, after having^ftood at leaft fix hundred years.
PrEvSEN'
10 THE E R I S T O L A N D
Present State of BRISTOL,Its Situation, Extent, Jujiisdiction, Police,
Trade, Manufactures, Fairs, Markets, &c.
BRISTOL is diflant from Bath 13 miles N. W. and
117 miles Weft from London ; fituate on the banks of
the river Avon, partly in Somerfetfhire and partly in Glo-
cefterfliire ; though independent of both. The old town,
w^hich was within the inner wall, ftands upon a narrow
hill (in a valley) of about forty feet in height, the defcents
from which are fomewhat fteep ; this is bounded by the
Avon on the fouth, and the Froom on the north and weft,
and by a deep ditch or moat of the caftle (now partly arch-
ed over) on the eaft. On the other fide of the two rivers is
the Valley, and beyond the Froom on the north lide is
St. Michael's-Hill and Kingfdown, the higheft ground in
the city; and on the weft fide the College-Green, whichis alfo a confiderable eminence. Beyond the Avon, on the
foujth, is RedcliflF-Hill, The valleys between the old townand thefe hills, andthe hills likewife, are covered with pub-
lic and private buildings. The fummits of St. Michael's-
Flill and Kingfdown being at leaft 200 feet higher
than anv of the other ground on which Briftol nowftands : the houles erefted thereon, for the moft part com-mand a ver\' extenfive and delightful view, not only of the
whole city, but alio of the country for feveral miles around.
The houfes are in general convenient, elegant, fpacious,
and well built. The heart of the city, or old town,containing eight pariihes, where the inhabitants are inoft
crowded together, being thus feated on a hill, has a free
acceffion of good air, the ftreets interiefting each other at
right angles in feveral places : The ferpentine courfes of the
two rivers, which )un through the town, occafion every part
of the loweft ground to be near one or the other of them,
and by that means it is freed from all noxious effluvia: thefe
rivers carrying off tlic drains and common fewers, whicharc all made under ground.
The.
Jfl O T W E L L G tJ I © E 1 i
The city ftands for the moft part on a thick hard bed ofiMd, alew fathoms under which is excellent water ; Thefeveral hills, and the defcents from them, together with thewindings of the Avon and the Froom to fo many different
parts of its valley, are circumftances happily attending thelituation ; fo that upon the whole, firillol is, fey nature,
©ne of themoft healthy cities perhaps in the ivOrld.
The boundaries of Briftol by land On the Gldcefterfhire
fide, include four miles and a half and thirty-feven perches;and on the Somerfetfhire fide twb miles and a half andeighteen perches ; fo that the meafurement of the liberties
of the city in circumference is feveri 'miles and fifty-live
perches; But by a late aft of Parliament, the city boundsare now extended rnuch further on the Glocefterfhire fide,
the limits reaching to Rownham-ferry, hear the Hotwell.
Thefe boundaries in many places extend further than the.
buildings, and in others the buildings eiitend greatly beyondthe boundaries, fo that it v/ould be difficult to afcertain its
real dimenfions, but in general, the city may be faid to be
fomev^'hat of a circular form, and that it is about one mile
and three quarters in l^gth, from north-eafl to north we fl,
and one mile and' a half from north to fouth in breadth.
In this fpace is contained at the leaft 13,000 houfes, and
the number of inhabitants, if we compute them at 5^ to
each houfe, tvhich has been found on trial to be a fair cal-
culation, will amount to 71,500 ; but we may fafely ven-
ture to fay 72,000 : as St. Peter's, Colflon's, and other hof-
pitals, being public buildings, are not included in the above.
eftimation.
The jurifdiftion of Briftol by water extends from Tower-
Haraz to Kingroad, and from thence down the fouth-^fidc
of the Briftol Channel as low as the twoiflands called the
Flat-Holmes (on which is erefted a light-houfe) and the
Steep-Holmes (famous for being the retirement of Gildas
The old Britifh hiftorian) and from thence direftly eaftward
to the Denny ifland, and fo on again to Kingroad.
Briftol was exempted, as well by land as by water, from
the iurifdittion of the Admiral of England by the charter
C 2 of
12 THE BRISTOL AND
of King Edward the 4th, Anno 1461, the crown was to
grant a commiffion to the mayor and recorder of the town,
and to othei- perions whom the King fhall appoint to be
named as often as fl-iall be needful, to enquire of all fuch
conti-«6ls, or agreements, trefpalTes, offences and things,
which were wont to be enquired of, and determined byfuch Admiral, or in the couit of Admiralty. The burgef-
fes mighi refift and difobcv, without punifhment, fuch Ad-miral or his deputies in exercifmg any jurifdiftion either
in the town, fuburbs, cr prccinfts of the couniy and port
of Briltol.
The government of Eriftol is vefted ia the,Corporation,
confifting of 43 perfons, of which the Mayor is the chief
magiftrate, 12 Aldermen including the Recorder, who byvirtue of his office is the firft and fenior, and the next in
feniority is ftiled the Father of the city: they are all
Juftices of the Peace. The city is divided into 1 2 wards,
each ward having an Alderman to prefide over it, alfo 2
Sheriffs and 28 Common-Council Men ; befides thefe is a
Town-Clerk, Chamberlain, Vice Chamberlain, Sword-Bearer, and Under-Sheriff. There are likewife feveral
officers fubjeft to the Corporation viz. 2 Coroners, Water-Bailiffs, Key-Mafters, School- Mailers, Clerk of the court
of confcience, Clerk of the markets, Keepers of the prifons.
Criers ofthe courts, City-Criers, 8 Sergeants at mace, Ex-change-Keeper, Sheriffs officers, Club-Men, Beadles, anda Band of Muficians ; all of whom have their refpeftive
gowns and, habiliments, which they wear when they attend
on the Corporation on public occafions; at Michaelmaswhen the Mayor is fworn into his office, the aflizes, onthe 29th May and the 5th November, when the corporation
in their coaches go in proceffion to the Mayor'sChapel to hear divine lervice ; on thefe two laft men-tioned days, the M afters and Wardens &c. of the
feveral incorporated companies, dreffed in their refpeftive
gowns and badges, join the proceffion ; and before each
(Company there are born two flags whereon is painted the
coat of arms belonging to the relpetlive trade.
The
HOTWELL GUIDE. IJ
The Mayor, in order to fupport his dignity during the
year he continues in that office, has the fum of loool.
allowed him from the Chamber of the city, and the twoSheriffs have alfo 420I. each for the like purpofe.One of tUe two Judges who go the weflern circuit comes
in the autumn of every year to Briftol, to hear and deter-
mine, at the Guild-Hall, law fuits intirely refpefting civil
caufes, arifing in Briftol as a city and county; alfo the
Mayor, Recorder and Aldermen hold an affize or general
goal delivery of oyer and terminer in the fame hall oncem every year, moft commonly in March, for the trial of
capital offences committed in the jurifdiftion of the city andcounty of Brifhol either by land or water. And the May-or and Aldermen with the Town-Clerk (who prefides as
Judge) hold a quarter feffions for trying lefs criminal caufes,
likcwife a court ofconfcience or requeftis held every Mon-day for the recovery of debts under the fum of forty
Ihillings. Befide thefe the two SheriflFs hold a pie-powder
court every year in autumn under the piazza in a ftreet cal-
led the Old Market.
Briftol fends two members to Parliament, the p refent
reprefentatives are Matthew Brickdale and Henry Cruger
Efquires.
No place in England can boaft of greater advantages
by nature than Briftgl enjoys, owing to which the mer-
chants have not only the greateft trade, but they trade al,fo
with a more intire independance upon London than any
other town in Britain ; whatever exportations they make to
any part of the world, they are able to bring back the re-
turns to their own port, and can difpofe of them there,
which no 01 her port in Britain can do ; for in general they
are obliged either to fhip part of the effefts they have abroad
on fhips bound to London, or elfe confign their own veflels
there to fell their cargoes and get a freight : but the Briftol
merchants, as they have a very great trade abroad, fo they
have always buyers at home for their returns, and fuch
buyer's that no cargoe is too large for them. The fhop-
keepers alfo, who in general deal in the wholelale, have io
great
t'4 T il £ B K I S T b L A N B
|reat"an inland trade among all the weftem counties, thstthey maintain riders and carriers, in the fame manner as th6Londoners, to alf the principal counties and towns frorrJ
Southampton in the fouth even to the banks of the TrentJn the north. Add to this, as well by fea as by the navigationof the two great rivers the Severn and the Wye, they havethe whole trade of South Wales, as it were, to themfelves,
and the greateft part of North Wales; and th eir trade alfo
to Ireland is vei-y confiderable.
There are about 300 fait of Oiips and veflels employedin foi'eigh trade belonging to Brifto! only (exclulive of thofewhich arrive here from diflerent parts of the world, either
to difpofe of their cargoes or get freight, &c.) befides coaft-
ing veffels and other craft, trows, market-boats, &c. &cwhich amount to a very great number.
The nett revenue of the Cuftoms is up-w^ards of^. 30O3O0#'
and that of the exciic is alio very great.
Briftol is affefs'd to the land-tax .... £'. 7391, 10, &^
And here it may not be improper to remark that the annual
affeffment levied on the feveral parifhes for the poor-rate
of the whole city in the yelrs 1782, 1783, and 17B4,
Vas ............. = - . . . „ £^. 1 4,oocl»
whereas about 25 years ago the alfelTment did
hot amount to. — .*.... 6,000
Such an enormous increafe of this tax as. » ...... 8,000gave the citizens in general juft grounds for complaint, this
'dccafioned the caufe to be infpefted, and it veas difcovered
that many impofitions and abufes had been praftifed, and a
Hop being put thereto; the affeffment for the year i 7B5 wa^s
reduced £. 2,000. And we think that if a yet further re-
Tearch w^as rnade into the management and expenditure ofthe public money, it might lead to difcoveries that in the
former inveftigation efcaped notice, and be the means not
only of bririging this tax yet lower, but alfo effectually
'prevent the like impofitions and abvjfes from being pra^ifcd
"in future.
M O T W E L L GUIDE. t^^
Ms many of our readers may be defirous of knowingwhat [urns are afl'cfs'd on each of the feveral parifhes, the
folLowiag is an exa£l ftate thereof", viz.
l6 THE BRISTOL AND#
eafmefs of land and water carriage, the proprietors are en-
abled to fell on as low terms as can be done elfewhere.' The brafs works at Baptift-Mills at the diftance of about
one mile to the noith-eaft of the city, fituate on the river
Froom. claim our attention ; for that this was the firft place
where brafs was ftiade in England, and the original work-men were brought over from Holland for the purpofe;
the quantity made here is prodigious, it is drawn into wire,
or formed into what they call battery for the Guinea trade
and other purpbfes, from whence it is fent to London,Liverpool, and every part of the kingdom. Another workof the fame kind was alfo carried on at^Warmley, about five
miles from Briftol, but which has been difcontinued fome-
time.
There are likewife feveral large v/orks for fmelting
copper at Crewes-hole, and other places on the banks of
th-e Avon between Briftol and Bath, and foine others in
Kingfwood.There are alfo three iron founderies in the parifh of St.
Philip and Jacob, where cannon, &c. are caft, and whereis a fteam engine for boring them, when run in the folid.
In the fame parifh there are likewife very confiderable
lead works, where the lead is fmelted from the oar, andwrought into mill'd lead, or caft into flieets, &c. Andadjoining thereto the fame proprietors have erefted a white-
lead houfe of great extent, where they make large quantities,
as alfo of red lead, and here it may not be amifs to remarkthat Briftol is famous for making fmall lead fhot, of whichvaft quantities are exported to America, &c. this article
on account of its roundnefs and colour, being preferred
abroad to that made in any other place.
The Briftol foap, for goodnefs, is not equalled by anythat is made in England, great quantities of it is fent to
London and moft parts of the kingdom.As there is more fugar imported into Briftol from the
Weft India iflands, in proportion, than there is even into
London, fo is there a greater number of fugar-houfes,
by which means loaf fugar is made here, and fold onbetter terms than can be done elfewhere, and in general
the
., OTWELL GUIDE. 1/
tlie Tingle refin'd fugars of Briflol, are held In highereftimation, and will fetch a better price abroad, than whatthey receive from other places.
There is more glafs manufaftured in Briftol, than per-haps in any other place in England; the wine, cyder,beer, and other liquors, &c. together with the Hotwellwater exported from hence to moll parts of the world,caufe fo great a demand for bottles, as to employ feveral
houfes for making them. ' And of window glafs alfo, thereare vaft quantities fent to America, &c. and the hoineconfumption muft be very great, when it is confidered,
how much there is ufed daily for glazing windows, &c.not only in this city, but in Bath, the many towns, andvillages round about ; as alfo all the weftern counties,
Wales, and almoft every place north and fouth, whereverthe Briftol trade extends. Here are likewife two houfes,
wherein they make white or flint-glals, and phial-bottles
;
and to thofe who have never feen the manner of workingthis material, it may be a pleafing entertainment to attend
the procefs, particularly of window- glafs; nor is the blow-ing of white, or flint-glafs, unworthy of their attention, as it
is formed into fuch a variety of articles ; ftraiigers are neverdenied feeing the people at work, on a fmall gratuity being
given to the men employed. To fuch of bur readers as are
defirous of feeing thefe manufaftbries, "ive think it neceffary
to inform them of the days on which they work at each houfe,
and the fort of glafs made on thofe days, that they maynot be difappointed by going at a wrong time.
At Vigor and Go's, glafs-houfe, RedclifF-Back, flint, or
white-glafs, is worked every Tuefday, Wednefday, and
Thurfday, and at Cannihgton and Go's. Temple-Gate on the
fame days.
At Vigor and Go's, glafs-houfe in St. Thomas-Street,
window-glafs is made every Monday and Saturday in the
morning, and at the crown glafs-houfe in St. Philips on
the fame days.
The diftilleries carried on here are in a very extenfive
line, the demand for fpirits for the African trade, and
internal confumption being very great, the excife duties
thereon paid to government, amount to feveral thoufand
poutids a year, D On
l8 THE BRISTOL AND
On the Banks of the Avon, nearly oppofite the Hotwell-
Houfe, a large building is erefted, wherein is a curious mill
for fpinning cotton, upon the principle of Arkwright's, but
greatly improved ; a fpring of pure water that gufhes
direftly from out of the rock, works this mill, and from
thence runs immediately into the river.
We fliall laftly remark, that the many Ihips and veffels
which are built at Briftol, with the various trades required
to compleat them for the fea, muft neceifarily give employ-
ment to a very great number of people, as alfo of feamen to
navigate them in their refpeftive voyages.
There are two fairs ufually held in Briftol, which former-
ly began on the 25th January, and the 25th July
;
the firft continued nine ; and the laft eight clear days,
befides a day allowed each, for what is termed the packing-
penny. Thefe fairs were formerly of very great import-
ance, as traders almoft in every line, and from all parts of
Grekt-Britain and Ireland, either for the purpofe of buying
or felling, reforted thereto: The time of year for each, being
judged Inconvenient, is now changed, the one being^ held onthe ift of March, in Temple-Street, the other on the ift
of September, in St. James's Church-Yard, &c. at this laft,
there is generally a large number of horfes of all kinds for
fale, which feldom continues more than two or three days ;
at pi'efent, the principal traders who frequent thefe fairs, are
the clothiers, either to fell or receive orders for their goods ;
alfo dealers in tanned leather, there being more of this arti-
cle fold during thofe periods, at the Back-Hall, than at anyother fair in England, and of ticking for bed cafes there is
likewife a very confidcrable quantity vended. Befides
thefe, there are only a few hardware-men from Birmingham,Wolverhampton, Sheffield, &c. and fome cotton ftocking
makers from Tcwkfbury, &c. the reft confifts merely offhops and ftands wherein millinary wai'es, toys, or fome tri-
fling articles, arc expofed for fale by the towns people ; andeven thefe have lately fo decreafed, that in all probability, in
a very few years the Briftol fairs, once fo famed, will be in-
tirely fet alide.
There are two principal markets in this city, for butchers
meat, poultiy, butter, cheefe, bacon, eggs, and all kinds
of
HOT WELL GUIDE, . I9
of vegetables, &c. both of which are held on the fame day^s,
viz. Wedneidays and Saturdays in every week. Wc fhall
firft take notice of the mofl capital one, which by way ofeminence, and as being the oldeft, is generally ftiled the
Market, this is fituate on the fouth-fide ofthe Exchange, on a
large, commodious fquare piece of ground, which was clear-
ed for the purpole, foon after that edifice was compleated ; it
confifts of eight double rows of fixed fheds, or ftands, cover-
ed over on the top with comifh tile, to keep ofi the rain : oneach end of each row is painted a large capital letter, whichgoes on alphabetically A. to H. and every Hand in eachrow is alfo numbered, beginning with No. i , and ending
with 157, this is done for the mutual convenience of buyerand feller, as by this method any perfon wanted is immediate-
ly found, without the trouble of enquiry. Thofe fheds are all
occupied for the fale of butchers meat. There are alfo
three market houfes of very confiderable length andbreadth, all under cover, wherein the farmers and country
people fell butter, cheefe, poultry, eggs, bacon, &c. &c.One is in the piazza of the fouth front of the Exchange,and is called the Glocefterfhire market, being occupiedmoftly by people from that country ; the fhands or feats hereare likewife numbered, beginning with No. 1, and endingwith 62.
On the wefl-fide are piazzas alfo which fupport a range ofbuildings, this is called the Somerfetfhire market, as moft of1;he farmers, and country people therein are of that county;the ftands and feats are numbered, beginning with No. i, andending with No, 68, And-pn the eaft-fide, which leads to
the market-houfe gate next High-Street, are other piazzas
with buildings over, the ftands and feats are here alfo num-bered as in the former, beginning with No. 1, and endingwith No. 52, Oppofite to this laft, are eight leparate ftands
or fhops for all kinds of garden produce, which is raifed
early and in great perfeftion. And at the entrance into the
market from Corn-Street by the Poft-Office, are thirteen
other fhops, alfo a range of ten ftands, extending in front of
the Glocefterfhire market on the fouth-fide of the Exchange,where the like articles are fold. And there is another
row of ten ftands on tlie weft-fide of the butchers, facing
D 2 the
2q THE BRISTOL AND
.the Somerfetftiire market, wherein is fold chiefly flowere
and roots in pots, or plants arid fhrubs for the green-houfe or
garden. When we confider the whole of this as being but
one market, and the abundant quantity of every kind of
provifions, &c. with which it is fuppilied, we may venture
to affirm, that for plenty, goodnefs, and cheapnefs, it is not
exceeded, if equalled, by any marketin Great-Britain.
But notwithftanding thelargenefs of the above market,
and its extenfive fupply, together with the litiiation nearly
in the centre of the city; yet, on account of the many addi-
tional buildings, and increafe of inhabitants of late years, it
was found to be inadequate to the demands of the people,
therefore, the corporation have ereiled another market, ori
a very convenient fpot adjoining Union-Street, near Broad-
Mead; this is called St. James's market, where every fort
of provifions are fold as in the othermarkeit, and the fnops,
flands, &c. numbered iri like manner. And here alfo the
market £dr Fifh is kept on Wednefdays, and Fridays, onwhich days it is fo plentifully fupplied with every kind in
propeir feafon, that few places in the kingdom can equal it.
The two market-hbufes lately made ufe of for the fale ofCorn, between Wine-Street, and Maryport-Street, wereopened' by order of the Magiftirates' on the 3d. January,
1787, for the fale of Cheefe only; the market days are,
every Wednefday and Saturday. There are likewife fliam-
bles for butchers meat without the place where Lawford's-Gate flood, but not being in the liberties of the city, they
are fcarcely frequented by any except the inhabitants of the
adjacent flreets.
In that part of the city called the Back, there is a markethoufe erefted for the mutual convenience of the inhabitants,
and the people from Wales, who bring hither for fale, everyWednefday, roafting-pigs, geefe, ducks, and other poultry ;
apples, nuts, &c. &c. during their feafons ; and farther onare other houfes for the lodging of corn, faggots, flable
brooms, and other articles. There is alfo a very confidera-
ble market every Thurfday in St. Thomas-Street, for horfes
iand live cattle, fuch as oxen, cows, calves, fheep, pigs, &c.And in Broad-Mead, is a market for Hay every Tuefday andJ'riday,' •
Brifto^
HPTWELL GUIDE. 2t
Priftpl, as well as all the country round, is fupplicd withcoals from Kingfwood, where there is an amazing numberof pits, and the coUier's houfes, when feen from St. Mi-chael's -Hill, Kingfdown,or any other eminence, feem to ftand
fo clofe to each other for miles together, as to have the ap-
pearance of being a part of the fuburbs of the city ; fomeof thefe pits are not more than two miles diftant from the
town, and to thofe who choofe to fetch their own coals, they
are fold there at 3d. per bufhel for large, and 2d. per bufhel
for the fmall ; it is brought in waggons and carts, but the moft
common way is on horfes, there being feveral hundreds ofthem, that bring it in facks every day, thefe are fold to the
inhabitants, and delivered at 13d. the fack, containing twobufhels and a half. There is alfo coal brought here by wa-ter in the Severn trows from the Foreft of Dean in Glocef-
terlhire, and from Staffordlhire &c. which is fold at the headof the Quay by the ton weight ; this being all of it large
coal, andmaking a cheerful light fire, tho' not very durable,
is chiefly ufed for burning in the parlour and chamber.
ChurcheSy Chapels^ and Places of Divine Worjhip^
- Public Edijices, Schools, Hofpitak and other-
Foundations, Theatre, Square, Quay, Docks for
Shipping, &c. (3c.
Brifiol, befides the Cathedral, contains 17 Churches, viz.
St. James's
St. Michael's
St, John Baptift
f}- ^y^]^!^ ,yThc Prefentation to the Livings of thefe
Chrill Church f [^ [^ the gift of the Corporation.
St. Peter's
St. Philip and Jacob
. iXempIe'
•
' - St. Stephen's
22 THEBRISTOL ANDSt. Stephen's } The Prefentation to the Livings of thefe
St. Werburgh's ) is in the gift of the Lord Chancellor.
All-Saints. )
St. Nicholas C Ditto - - the Dean and Chapter of Briflol,
St. Auguftine's \
St. MarypOlt Ditto the Duke of Chandos,
St. Thomas ) ^. ^ .. -nuj rnj-n^ -, T-. 1 irr- > Ditto - - the Prebendary 01 Bedmintter-St. Mary RcdciifF ')
'
St. Mark, or the Mayor's Chapel.
There are alfo the following places of worfhip : A FrenchProtefhant Chapel, where divine fervice is performed every
Sunday in the French language ; two buildings called Mr.Wefley's rooms ; Lady Huntingdon's chapel ; Mr. Whit-field's tabernacle ; two Baptift, two Prefbyterian, and twoIndependent meeting-houfes ; a Moravian chapel, twomeeting-houfes of the people called Quakers, a Roman ca-
tholic chapel ; and a Jews fynagogue lately erefted in
Tefiple- Street, faid to be the neatefl belonging to that peo-
ple jn England.
The Cathedral was the collegiate church of the monaftery
of St. Auguftine, which church together with the monaftery
was founded by Robert Fitz-Harding, fon of Harding, a
younger fon of the King of Denmark. Henry the fecond
confirmed this foundation, and contributed towards it, as
we learn from an infcription over the gate at the weft end ofthe Cathedral, which was the ufual entrance into the mo-naftery, and is at prefent all that remains of it. This gate
is efteemed one of the moft curious pieces of architefture
of the kind in England, it perhaps was not finilhed, or the
infcription atleaft not placed there, till after Henry came to
the crown -, the following is a fac fimile of the Infcription
:
Tranflation—King Henry the fecond, and Lord Robertfon of Herdyng, fon of the King of Denmark, were the£rft Founders of this Monaftery.
'
The
HOTWELL GUIDE. 23
The Monaftery was dedicated to St. Augufline by Robert
Bifhop of Worcefter, Boniface, Bifhop of Exeter, Grego-
ry Bifhop of St. Afapli, and Nicholas, Bilhop of Landaff.
Robert Fitz-Harding himfelf becoming a canon therein,
and was after his deceafe buried between the Abbot and
Priors cell, at the entering in of the choir, where there is a
monument erefted to his memory, which is inclofed with
iron rails, and on a marble table is the following In-
fcription,
The Monument ofRobert Fitzharding
Lord oi BERKELEY defcended fromthe Kings of Denmark and EVA his
Wife, by whom he had five Sons, &two Daughters: MAURICE his Eldeft
Son, was the firfl of this Family, that
took the Name oi BERKELEY: This 4.Robert Fitzharding laid the ~
Foundation of this Church, and Mo- %nailery of St. Augufline in the Year1140 the fifth of King Stephen dedi- *
|^cated and endowd it in 1148. He
died in the Year 11 70 in the 17th ofKing Henry the Second.
This Monument was Repaired
A D 1742From the faid
Robert Fitzharding Lord of
BERKELEY AUGUSTUS the prefent
Earl is the two and twentieth
in Defcent.
During
H THE BRISTOL AND
During the continuation of the monaftery there was a fuc-
ceflion of 21 Abbots, viz.
Richard, the ift Abbot wasindufted on Eafter-day
1 148, he prefided 38 years.
John, 29
David, -9.'. 19
William Bradftone, . . 8
William Long, 22
Richard, of Malmfbury 12
John Marmott, 10
Richard, of Dodington 8
James Barye, 12
Edmund, of Knoll .... 26
John Noue, 9Ralph, of Afli 12
Wm. Cole, (refign'd,) - 13Henry
, Fellingford
of Blebery
John Carnye, ....
John Dawbennye,Walter NewberryThomas Sutton, .
William Hurt, .
John Newland, .
William Elliot, .
23
5
46
,5
8
33
Many of thefe arefaid to have lived in the mo ft diflblute
and abandoned manner, to the very great fcandal andprofanation of religion ; the laft of them being found,
on the vihtation prior to the diffolution, to have four concu-
bines.
King Henry the 8th having fupprefs'd all the monafteries
in the kingdom, this underwent the general devaftation :
the whole of it being deftroyed except the gate before men-tioned, which was the ufual entrance: and all the weft
pait of the collegiate church, from the faid gate to the great
Iquare tower in the centre, which is erefted on four, large
and maffive pillars, was pulled down, and erazed to the
ground, and two of thefe large pillars them.felves on whichthe tower ftands, were begun to be demolifhed, when the
King fuddenly changing his mind, put a ftop to its further
deftruftion ; ordering, that what was left ftanding fhould be/epaired, he being determined to ereft it into a Bifliopric ; the
revenue thereof which, at its diffolution, amounted to
£.765. 15. 3, per annum, he fettled partly on the Bifhop,
and partly on the chapter, which confifts of a Dean and fix
Prebendaries. He took the county of Doriet from the Bi-
fhopric of Salifbur}'^, and annexed it to this diocefe, whichwith the city of Briftol, and a few miles of its environs onthe Glocefterftiire fide, containing in the whole 236 Parifhes
(of which 64 are impropriated) limit the jurifdi6tion of the
Bifhdp
HOTWELL GUIDE* 2^
Bifhop of Briftol. The collegiate church from henceforth
he commanded to be called the Cathedral of the Holy andUndivided Trinity, of the city of Briftol, and appointed
Paul Bufh, the reftor of Winterbom, to be the firft Bifhop,
who lies buried on the north-eaft fide of the choir, on the
left hand going in from the fide ayle, where there is a monu-ment erefted to his memory. This church alfo fuffered
much in the great rebellion, and what that facrilegitJus tyrant
Henry had deigned to fpare, the mifguided zeal of thofe
times deftroyed ; they not only defaced many of the tombstherein, but difpoiled it of its ornaments, converted it into a
ftable, and ufed it for the bafefh purpofes ; fo that at prefent
ftrangers who vifit Briftol are not much flruck with its ex-
ternal appearance ; nor indeed can it be expefted that they
fhould, when it is confidered that the whole of the edifice
which is now left {landing, is no more than what was origin-
ally the choir of the ancient Cathedral; but the tower, whichis very large, though it cannot be faid to be lofty (being but
about 1 40 feet in height) is of a noble bold conftruftion ;
and on entering into the church from the north door in the
College-Green, which goes down a flight of fleps, the four
large maflive pillars, on which it ftands, firft prefent them-
felves to the eye, which together with the fpacious vaulted
roof give it an air of pleafing majeftic grandeur ; andarchitefts in general remark, that there is a beauty andfingularity of flile in the roof of the fide ayles not to.be metwith in any other gothic building in the kingdom. Theprefent choir is but fmall, the ftalls are in the gothic tafte,
and over the altar is a circular pifture emblematic of the
Trinity, furrounded with cherub's heads painted in a very
mafterly ftile by Vanfomers. The great eaft window is of
ancient flained glafs, and the two windows at each end of
the fide ayles are of enamelled glafs, on which there are
various pieces of fcripture hiftory delineated, thefe two laft
are faid to have been prefented to this church by Nell Gwyn.You afcend to the Altar by fteps of black and white marble.
The Organ, which is a very capital one, was built by the
fubfcription of the principal inhabitants of the city, it has
two fronts, the one facing the weft is moft fuperbly orna-
mented. There is alfo a fmall organ annexed for the
choir (which it fronts) under the large one. Beneath
26 THE BRISTOL AND
the organ, facing the body of the church, feveral of theprophets are painted in panelled niches. It- is generally
faid, that there is not any church in England where the mu-fic of the organ, and the voices of the chorifters united, pro-duce fo grand and melodious an eflFeft, by which the foul
being rapt in extacies of holy delight, is raifed in idea fromEarth to Heaven, exulting in the pureft adoration of praife
and thankfgiving to the divine Creator. It may not beimproper to remark here, that a Robin-red-breaft havingtaken up its abode in the Cathedral, and during divine fer-
vice, ufually perched on one of the pinaclfes of the great or-
gan, accompanying the folemnity with its harmoniousftrain ; and was fo very tame as to follow the verger to befed. It continued its habitation till its death, which happen-ed fometime in winter, 1787. The late Mr. Samuel Love,minor canon of this Cathedral, compofed the following,
beautiful lines on this little domeftic fongfter:
Sweet focial Bird! whofe foft, harmonious lays
Swell the glad fong of thy Creator's praife,
Say, art thou confcious of approaching ills ?
Fell winter's ftorms—the pointed blaft that kill ?
Shun'ft thou the favage north's unpit^ang breath ?-
Or cruel man's more latent fnares of death ?
Here dwell fecure ; here, with inceffant note,
Pour the foft mufic of thy trembling throat.
. Here, gentle bird, a fure afylum find,
Nor dread the chilling froft, nor boift'rous windo
No hoftile tyrant of the feather'd race.
Shall dare invade thee in this hallowed place ;
Nor while he fails the liquid air along,
Check the fhrill numbers of thy chearful fong.
No cautious gunner, whofe unerring fight
, Stops the fwift eagle in his rapid flight.
Shall here diflurb my lovely fongfter's reft,
Nor wound the plumage of his crimfon breaft.
The truant fchool-boy, who in wanton play,
With vifcid lime involves the treach'rous fpray,
In vain fhall fpread the wily fnare for thee,
Alike fecure thy life and liberty.
• Peace then, fweet warbler, to thy flutt'ring heart,
Defy the rage of hawks, and toils of art
;
Now
HOTWELL GUIDE. 2/
Now fhake the downy plumes ; now gladlier payThy grateful tribute to each rifing day
;
While crowds bdow their willing voices raife,
To fing with holy zeal Jehovah's praife,
Thouj perch'd on high, Ihalt hear th' adoring throng,
Catch the warm flrains, and aid the facred fong,
Increafe the folemn chorus, and infpire
Each tongue with mulic and each heart with fire.
The Rev. Mr. Samuel Love, author of the foregoing lines,
lies buried in the fouth ayle. Juft within the rails by the dooron the right hand going in, is a neat marble monument" to
his memory, on which the following epitaph is infcribed
by MifsHannah More, well known in the poetical world for
her many excellent produftions.
Sacred to the Memoryof the Rev. SAMUEL LOVE A : M.
Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford ;
and one of the Minor Canons of this Cathedral,
who died i8th Oftober, 17739 Aged 29.
When worthlefs Grandeur fills th' embellifh'd Urn,No poignant Grief attends the fable Bier:
But when dijlinguijh'd Excellence we mourn.Deep is the Sorrow, genuine is the Tear.
Stranger ! fhould'fh thou approach this awful Shrine,
The Merits of the honour'd Dead to feek;
The Friend, the Son, the Chriflian, the Divine
Let thofe who knew Him, thofe who lov'd Him fpeak.
Oh ! let them in fome Paufe of anguifh fay
What Zeal infpir'd, what Faith enlarg'd his Breaft;
How foon th' unfetter' d Spirit wing'd its WayFrom Earth to Heav'n, from bleffing to be bleft.
This Monument is erefted
by fome intimate Friends of the deccas'd
as a Teftimonyof his Worth & their Efteem.
E 2 There
28 THEBRISTOLAND
There are feveral monuments in this Cathedral worthy of
obfervation, but our limits will only allow us to mention a
few of the moft interefting. On entering in at the north
door, on the right hand againft the weft wall, is a very
capital and highly finiftied monument, in the form of a
gothic arch of Sienna marble, which ferves as a back groundto two beautiful female figures in alto-relievo, done in white
marble, of the fize of fmall life, ftanding on each fide of a
demi-round pedeftal, on which is placed an urn, with a
wreath of flowers hanging carelefsly down the fide. The figure
on the right leprefents Genius, fhe has her left hand on her
breaft, and in her right holds the trump of Fame with a flame
iffuing from it, this 'is refted againft her fhoulder. Theother figure on the left is Benevolence, contemplating a
neft which fhe fupports in her left hand, in which is a
Pelican rending open her breaft that her young may be
nouriflied with her blood, which is feen falling in large drops,
and which they eagerly endeavour to catch ; her right handpoints to the following infcription on the pedeftal
:
Sacred
, To the Memoryof
Mrs. Eliz. Draperj'In whom
Genius & Benevolence
were united
She died Auguft 3d, 1778,Aged 35.
This Lady was the celebrated Eliza of Yorick, the letters
between whom having been publilhed, and univerfally ad-
mired, there is fcarcely a perfon to be met with of any tafte
for literature, to whom they are unknown.Within the rails of the north ayle on the right hand, is a
monument to the memory of Mrs. Mafon, wife of the Rev.William Mafon, who himfelf compofed her epitaph in the
following elegant lines:
AIA&Y
HOTWELLGUIDE. 2q
MARY THE DAUGHTER OF WILLIAM SHERMANOF KINGSTON UPON HULL ESQR. AND WIFE OF THE
REV. WILLIAM MASON DIED MARCH THE XXVII MDCCLXVIIAGED XXVIII.
TAKE HOLY EARTH ALL THAT MY SOUL HOLDS DEAR:TAKE THAT BEST GIFT WHICH HEAV'N SO LATELY GAVE :
TO Bristol's fount i bore with trembling careHER FADED FORM ; SHE BOWED TO TASTE THE WAVEAND DIED. DOES YOUTH, DOES BEAUTY READ THE LINE?DOES SYMPATHETIC FEAR THEIR BREASTS ALARM?SPEAK, DEAD MARIA: BREATHE A STRAIN D IVINE
Z
Ev'n FROM THE GRAVE THOU SHALT HAVE POWER TO CHARM,BID THEM BE CHASTE, BE INNOCENT LIKE THEE,BID THEM IN DUTy's SPHERE AS MEEKLY MOVE ;
AND, IF SO FAIR, FROM VANITY AS FREE;AS FIRM IN FRIENDSHIP, AND AS FOND IN LOVE :
TELL THEM, THO' 'tIS AN AWFUL THING ^O DIB('twas ev'n to thee) yet the dread PATH ONCE TROD,HEAv'n lifts ITS EVERLASTING PORTALS HIGHAND BIDS THE PURE IN HEART BEHOLD THEIR GOD.
Nearly oppofite, is the tomb of Mr. William Powell, whofeconfpicuous talents as a comedian fhone forth with the high-
eft luftre, and placed him at the head of his profeflion. Thefollowing epitaph infcribed thereon to his memory, was writ-
ten by Mr. G. Colman.
Bristol! to worth & genius ever juft,
To thee our POWELL'S dear remains we truft;'^
Soft as the ftream thy facred fprings impart,
The milk of human kindnefs warm'd his heart,
That heart which every tender feeling knew,The foil where pity, love and friendfhip grew.
Oh ! let a faithful friend with grief fmcere
Infcribe his tomb, & drop the heartfelt tear,'
Here reft his praife, here found his nobleft fame !
——All elfe a bubble, or an empty name.
E 3 , ,
• There
30 THE BRISTOL AND
There has been much controverfy concerning the sera in
which the bow for playing on the violin was firft introduced
into England, force have placed it as remote as the four-
teenth century, we do not remember that any have gonefurther back, it has likewife been afferted that it was firft
made ufe of by the muficians belonging to the Pope's Nuncio,v/hen he came here to receive the Peter-pence. Ploweverthat jiiay be, it is evident from a monkifh device in the or-
naments of cne of the Gothic pillars of this Cathedral, that
the ufe of the bow was known at the time of building this
church, if not before ; the device is a ram with a remark-able long bo\v playing on a violin, and a fhepherd fleeping,
whilft a wolf is devouring the fheep. There feemstobefomev/hat more of invention in this piece than fome of ourmodern antiquaries will allow th^ monkifh ages to havebeen pofleffed of; but if the many ornaments diffufed
throughout the buildings of former times, (in which w,e moltcommonly fee fome allegory, or then well known hiflorical
fa£t interwoven) were to be more carefully examined, they
would no doubt throw light upon, and explain many things
of which we are now ignorant.
On the fouth-welt fide of the Cathedral is the Cloifters,
which have nothing remarkable or worth obfervation ; andon the fouth-eaft corner of the Cloifters is the Bifhop's
Palace, which was in great part rebuilt in the year 1744, byBifhop Buder, during which the following extraordinary
circumftance happened : A parcel of plate, fuppofed to havebeen hidden in the time of the civil wars, fell through the
floor in a corner of one of the rooms ; this accident oc-
cafioned the floor to be taken up, when, to the furprife of
thofe perfons prefent, a dungeon underneath was difcovered,
in which were found many human bones, and inftrumpnts ofiron for torture ; at the fame time was laid open a private
pafTage to this dungeon, which paffage was part of the
original edifice: it was an arched way, only large enough for
one pcrfon to pafs, and was made within the wall, one endwas at the dungeon, and the other end to an apartment ofthe houfe, which by appearance had been made ufe of for a,
Court of Judgment. Both the entrances of this mural paf-
fage were walled up, and fo concealed that no one could
fufpeft
HOT WELL GUIDE. 3I
fufpeft the wall to be hollow. Brevity obliges us to defergiving any farther particulars relative to this Cathedral
:
We fhall therefore only inform our readers that divinefervice is chanted therein every morning and evening, andon Sundays there is a fermon preached in the morning.
The church of St. Mary Redcliff next claims our atten-
tion, as being univerfally allowed by all perfons who havefeen it, to be the fineft and moft beautiful Gothic fbrufture
of a parifh church in all England. The original founda-
tion of this edifice was laid by Simon de Burton, in the
year 1294, in the 2 2d of the reign of Edward the firft, whichhaving received confiderabie damage, was taken down, andbegun to be rebuilt on its former fcite, by William Caning,
and completed by his grandfon of the fame name, who WcSa confiderabie merchant in the town of Briftol, of whichplace he was five times chofen Mayor. Of this WilliamCaning we have the following particulars handed down ta.
us ; that he was the middlemoft of three fons, graceful in
his perfon, and that in his youthful days he fell in love with
a very amiable lady, but of no fortune, whom he married,
which greatly difpleafed his father and elder brother, though
they were afterwards reconciled to him, and at their deceafe
bequeathed him large eftates in land and money, leaving his
younger brother John, dependent on him ; that he founded
a chantry for their fouls in the year 1456, and erefted this
moft fuperb edifice, which was only begun by his grand-
father. He was rendered unhappy by the death of his wife,
which happened fhortly after ; and in 1467, on account of
his great wealth, a fecond marriage was propofed by the King
between him and a lady of the Wideville (the Queen's)
family, he to evade it retired from the world, entered into
-Prieft's orders, and was ordained by the Bifhop of Worcef-
ter ; he fung his firft mafs at our lady of Redcliff, and wasafterwards made Dean of Weftbury, the College of which
with the aid of Dr. Carpenter, he new built, and was a great
benefaftor thereto. He died in 1474, and lies buried in the
fouth end ofthe middle ayleof this church, where there are two
monuments erefted to his memory ; in the firft of them,
his effigy is reprefented in his magifterial robes, with his
lady by his fide, over which is this inlcription on two tables :
Mv,
32 THEBRISTOLANDMr. William Canings y* Richeft
Marchant of y« towne of Bristow
Afterwards chofen 5 times Mayor ofye faid towne : for y* good of y" ComonWealth of ye fame: He was in order
of Priefthood 7 years: & afterwards
Deane of Weftbury. & died ye 7th of
Novem 1474 which faid Williamdid build within y* faid towne of
Weftbury a Colledge (which his
- Canons) & the faid William did main-
taine by fpace of 8 yeares 800handy crafts men, befides Carpenters & Mafons, every day 100 MenBefides King Edward the 4th had of y"
faid William 3000 *Maiks for his peace
to be had in 2470 tonnes of Shiping
thefe are y" names of his Shiping withtheir burthens
tonnes
y" Mary Canings - 400y« Mary^Redcliff - 500y« Mary and John - 900ye Galliot - - - 050y Katherine - - 140No age nor time can wear out weU woon fame
the Stones themfelves a flately work doth fhewfrom lencelefs graue we ground may men's good nameAnd noble minds by ventrous deeds we knowA Lanterne cleer, fets forth a candell light
A worthy aft declares a worthy wight
the Buildings rare that here you may beholdto fhrine his Bones deferves a tomb of goldthe famous Fabricke that he here hath donneShines in its fphere as glorious as the SonneWhat needs more words y« future World he fought
An fet the pompe & pride of this at noughtheaven was his aim let heaven be ftill his ftation
that leaves fuch work for others imitation The* i. e. He had committed fome afts of Piracy in making prize of Ships
on the high feas, probably belonging to the Hanfeaticks, for which hewas condemned to pay 3000 Marks, but in lieu thereof the King accepted
of the Ships mentioned in the above infcription, amounting tQ 2472 tonsas a comp^nfation.
ye
kOTWELL GUIDE. 33
The other monument is placed about twelve feet on thefeaift of the above, with his effigy in the habiliments of aprieft, and is without infcription.
In this Church is alfo the monument of Sir William Penri,
Knt. who was born at Briftol in 1621, and died 16th Sept,
1670, aged 49 years and 4 months: he was father ofthe great Mr. Penn, one of the people called Quakers,who was proprietor of the provinceof Pehnfylvania. in Ame-rica. There are many other monuments which we fhall pafs
by, as not being particularly interefting. The ftone withw^hich this church is built was dug at Dundry, about fourmiles and a half from Briftol, it is very durable, of a fine
grain, and fomcwhat refembles that of Portland. The churchllands on an eminence, and you afcend to it from RedcliflF-
ftreet by a flight of many Heps ; there are three principal
entrances, a North, South, and Weft door ; the tower is
nearly two hundred feet high, and contains a noble peal
of eight bells, the tenor of which is faid to weigh fixty
hundred ; upon this tower there was formerly a very fine
fpire of great height, which in the year 1 445 was partly
thrown down by lightning, and never after rebuilt, the
lower part of it is yet ftanding. On viewing the butfide of
the building, '^t are ftruck with its majeftick and venerable
appearance ; and on entering into it, the exquifite beauty
and lightnefs of the whole fabrick raifes admiration, and wegaze around with wonder and delight. The ground plat
forms a crofs, the ufual figure adopted by the religious of
thofe days ; it confifts of a middle and two fide ayles, whichrun from eaft to weft : Nearly in the centre of the middle
ayle on the fouth fide, oppofite to the pulpit, is erefted a
throne, in which the Mayor and Corporation are feated
when they, in their formalities, come in proceffion to this
church to hear divine fervice, which is once every year onWhitfunday, on which day it has been a cuftom to ftrew
the pavement of the church with rufhes. The pillars which
fupport the roof, are very lofty, and inimitably wrought into
the moft delicate moulding ; and the roof, which is all of
ftone, is every where carved with devices and ornaments
of curious workmanftiip ; the altar is very elegant, and
richlv decorated, and over it are three capital paintings by
F Hogarthj
3^ ' THEBRISTOLAND
Hogarth \ that on the left hand, as you fland to view them,
reprefents the High Prieft, &c. feaUng the tomb ; the large
pifture in the centre is the refurreftion ; and the other on
the right hand is the women coming to the tomb to look lor
the body of Chrift, with the angel, who tells them He is not
here, He is rifen. At the well end of the middle ayle is a
large ftone gallery, with a dial in the front, under which is
the grand entrance into the church ; in this gallery Hands the
organ, which for fize, compafs, and richnefs of tone, is fcarce-*
ly to be equalled ; it meahires in heigth from the ground to
the top of the middle pinacle fifty three feet, and contains
upwards of one thouland fpeaking pipes, as is fet forth
in a printed paper publifhed by the makers, Meffrs. Harris
and Byfield, at the time of its being fet up ; the cafe, which
is very elegant was made from a defign of Mr. Strahan,
the architeft who built Rediand-Court Houfe, and manyother capital manfions in and near Briftol. At the end
of the crofs ayle is the baptifmal font, it is of white
marble beautifully confhrufted, v/rought and polifhed: the
floor on which it is placed is elevated, paved with marble
and railed in. At the other end of the ayle are the twotombs of Mr. Caning of which we have already given the
particulars. We cannot take leave of this magnificent
flruflure without informing our readers, that here it was,
in a muniment room over the north porch entrance, that
the late Thomas Chatterton a youth of feventeen (whofeproduftions have made fo great a noife in the literary world,
as to puzzle the ableft critics and antiquaries of the prefer.!
age) gave out that he found in an old cheft, fuppofed to
have been placed there by William Caning, foon after
the building was finifhed, thofe valuable poetical manufcripts
of Thomas Rowley and others, written in the fifteenth
century, which he tranfcribed, and publifhed at different
periods ; fmce his death they have been collefted, andmay now be had together in one volume; as to their
authenticity we fhall not pretend to fettle a difpute, whichis ftill undecided by the critics, but will inftead of it giv^e
our readers an epitome of his fhort life, the truth of whichmay be depended on, and fhall leave them at liberty Jo
form what conjefliure they pleafe.
T-homas
I
HOTWELLGUIDE. 35
Thomas Chatterton was born the 20th November, 1752,
and chriftened the 1 ft January--, 1753, he was apofthumous
child. His father was mafter of the charity fchool in
Pile-ftreet, and one of the finging men at the Cathedral: he
was likewife fexton of St. Mary Redcliff church, which
office his anceftors had alfo held for near a century and a
half. In his early years he had no inflruftion but from a
Mr. Love who fucceeded his father as mafter of the
before-mentioned charity fchool. He was admitted into
Colfton's blue coat fchool, on St. Auguftine's Back, the
^d Auguft, 1 760. There is nothing taught but writing
and accounts, the fchool hours in the fummer mornings
are from feven till twelve, afternoons one till four, bed
time all the year round at eight in the evening; aUowed
to be out of fchool Saturdays and faints' days only in the
, afternoons, from one till feven o'clock, never on Sunday,
that whole day being paffed in public and private r./igious
exercifes. He left this fchool 1 ft Auguft 1 767, was imme-
diately taken into the ofiice of Mr. Lanjbert an attorney,
the office hours were from feven in the morning till eight
in the evening. He continued with Mr. Lambert till April
1770, when he went to London, where he died on the
21ft Auguft following; during this ftiort time that he
lived in London, he was engaged to write in feveral
Magazines, &c.1 n- r
As we have rather exceeded our limits in dwelling lo
fully on the Cathedral and Redcliff churches, the particu-
lars of which we thought would not be unacceptable to our
readers, we ftiall be more concife in what relates to the
remainder; entirely omitting thofe that have nothing ma-
terial to recommend them to notice, and mention fuch
onlv as we think merit obfervation._
Temple church, originally called Holy-Crofs, is re-
markable for its tower, which leans fo much to one fide
as to imprefs us with fear of its falling ;it is of confider-
able height, and contains a peal of eight bells, of which
it is faid that when they are rung, if a bafon filled with
water be placed on the fummit of the tower it rocks to and
fro in fuch manner as foon to empty it»
§6 THEBRISTOLAND
St. Stephen's is a very handfome church, it was buiH
about 340 years fince, in the reign of Hen. VI. by John,
Shipward a merchant and Mayor of Briftol. The tower of
this church is greatly admiied for the lightnefs and beauty,
pf the turrets and railing on the top of it, than which there
is not any thing to be met with in a more curious andpleafing tafte. The pulpit and all the pews in this churchare of mahogany.
All-Saints is a very neat, though frnall gothic building,
has a lofty tower in the modern Itile, with a dome on the
top of it, erefted in the year 1716. In this church are in-
terred the remains of Edward Colfton, Efq. who was born
in this city on the 2d of November 1636, and died at Mort-lake in Suny 1 ith Oftober 1721 : He was one of the befh
and moft religious men that ever lived ; his univerfal be-
nevolence and extended charity, like the fun in the firma-
ment, diffufed bleflings to all around ; he was eyes to the
blind, a l^ather to the fatherlefs, and the widow's tear hewiped away : his name will be ever revered, and handeddown to the latefl; poflerity with the higheft praife and gra-
titude, and thoufands that are yet unborn fhall celebrate,
with thankfulnefs and feftive joy, the annual return of
that aufpicious day that gave him birth. Here is a noble
monument of marble erefted to his memory, with his ftatue
in a recumbent pofture, exquifitely done by M. Ryfbrack,and over is an infcription of his many charities, benefac-
tions, &c.St. Nicholas was rebuilt in the year 1768, the infide is of
modern tafte, 100 feet long and 55 feet broad, the roof is
fupported without a pillar, and is admired for its lightnefs
and fimplicity. The tower and fpire belonging to it are
202 feet high, and contain a fine peal of eight bells.
The parifli church dedicated to St. John Baptift defervesattention on account of the conftruftion of its tower andfpire, which is erefted upon a gothic arch, where was an-tiently a gate that was one of the principal entrances into
the town, and where are placed the ft^tues of Belinus andBrennuS, the reputed founders of Briftol, ofwhich we havetaken notice in page 2.
n P T W E L L G tr 1 D E. ' 3/
\n St. Peter's church-yard lies buried the remains of the
unfortunate Richard Savage ; equally celebrated for his
poetical genius, his indifcretions, and diftreffes. The fe-
ries of calamities which he fufFered through hfe he owedto the unparallel'd cruelty of his mother the Countefs ofMacclesfied ; he died in the prifon of Newgate in this city,
where he was under confinement for debt.
The public buildings in this city are numerous, andmany of them deferving the attention of ftrangers.
The Exchange, fituate in Corn-ftreet, nearly the centre
of the city, is a truly elegant pile, built all of freeftone,
and conftfts of four fronts ; that to the North, which is the
principal, extends no feet, is of the Corinthian order,
upon a ruftic bafement ; the central part breaks forward,
and makes a tetraftyle of almoft whole columns, fupport-
ing a pediment, in the tympan of which the King's arms''
are carved in {tone; the chamber windows are drellcd withrich tabernacles ; the attic windows are fquare, with*archi-
traves round them, which rife no higher than the bottom of
the capitals of the order, fo that the fpaces between the
capitals of the columns and pilafters in this front are filled
with feftoons, which reprelent Great-Britain and the four
quarters of the world, with the chief produft and manu-faftures of every country. The South front faces the ge-
neral market, and is of the fame extent ; the central part
of which alfo breaks forward to fupport a pediment, in the
tympan of which the arms of the city are carved in (tone,
and over that there is a turret in which a dial is fixed for
the ufe of the market people. This edifice is calculated to
contain 1440 perfons within its periftyle, and is the place
where merchants, captains of fhips, and the principal tra-
-ders meet to tranfaft bufinefs, during the 'Change hours,
which is generally from 1 2 till 2 o'clock each day. This edi-
fice was built by Mr. Wood, fenr. architeft, at the expence
of the Chamber of Briftol, and is faid to have coft near
50,000!. the firft ftone of which was laid on the 10th. of
March 1740-1, on the uppermoft bed of which is cut the
fpUowing infcription
:
Regnante
3^ T H E B R I S T O L A N D
Regnante Georgio II
Pio, Felici, August©LIBERTATIS
ETRJEI MERCATORI.E
Domi Forifq;
VINDICEPrimariuiii Lapidem hujufce iEdificii
SufFragio Civium, & ^re publico extrufti
POSUITHENRICUS COMBE, Pr^tor
A. C. MDCCXIi.
It was finiflied and opened on the 21ft Sept. 1 743, duringthe Mayoraky of Sir Abraham Elton, Bart, with every de-
i»*?ion{lration of joy ; and on which occafion the poor pri-
soners confined in Newgate for debt were releafed at the
Chamber's espence.
On the Weft of the Exchange is the Poft-office, a hand-
lome freeftone building, which projecting fome feet far-
ther out into the ftreet forms a fide wing ; and on the eail
fide is another building erefted in conformity thereto.
We fhall next take notice of the Council-houie, as it is
the neareft public edifice to the Exchange, being fituate alfo
in Corn-ftreet. It was erefted in 1 703 ; is a plain ftone
building ; the Common-hall is even with the pavement of
the fti'eet ; on entering the door on the right hand, a part ofit is enclofed with rails for the Mayor or lome of the Alder-men, who daily attend here from. 1 2 till 2 o'clock to ad-
minifter juftice ; next to this is the Town Clerk's office
;
from hence you afcend'a ftair-cafe, which leads to a large
room called the Council-chamber, in which arefeveral por-traits, in particular a whole length by Vandyke : here the
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-Council meet to tranfaft
the bufinefs of the corporation. In the attic ftory is the
Chamberlain's office.
Leaving the Council-houfe you turn on the left handdown Broad -ftreet, where is the Guildhall, an antient
Gothic ftrufture. In the front of this building are the arms
jaf Edward the Firft, and over it, in a niche, is the ftatue
H O T W E L L GUIDE. '3^
cf King George the Firft, drefled in his royal robes, withthe crown on his head; in his left hand he holds the globe,
and in his right the fceptre. In this hall is held the Affize,
or General Goal-delivery of Oyer and Terminer, the Courtol Nifi Prins, and Quarter Sefiions: here aifo the Mayor is
annually iworn in'o office ; and during the time of choot-
ing members to lerve for the city in Parliament, the huft-
ings are kept here.
The Merchants' Hall in Princes-ftreet is a modern free-
ftone building : you alcend to the great door, which is the
principal entrance, by a confiderable flight of fteps : the
front is ornamented with the Merchants' arms and lupport-
ers carved in fl.one ; and on the top of the building is a
globe and armiJlary fphere. The rooms within are large
and elegant; they corjtain feveral portraits, one is of Ed-ward Co Ifton, Efq. of whom we have before fpoken. it is
a half length, painted in a firm mafterly ftileby Richardlon,
apd is faid to have been a very ftrong likenefs.
Further on in the fame Itreet, on the V/efh fide, is the
Affembly-room. The front is of free ftone, and confifts of
a ruftic bafement which fupports four double columns of
the Corinthian order, over which is a pediment ; on the
frize is infcribed Curas Cithara ToLLir. You afcend
to the Ball-room by a flight of Heps. The windows are
placed of fuch height as to prevent the company from be-
ing overlooked. Here is a very good orcheftra, two fire-
places, which, together with the upper end of the room,are decorated with large looking-f^lalies, in elegant carved
frames. From the cicling, which is lofty, is pendant a
large beautiful glafs lufbre in the centre o!' the room ; there
are alfo two that are flnaller, and one over the orcheftra.
Behind the Ball-room is the Drawing-room, which is of a,
proportionable fize, and convenient : "underneath is a Cof-
fee-room. There are Alfemblies here every Thurfday fort-
night, during the Winter , aifo on the King and Queen'sbirth-days, &c. The Alfemblies are condufted by a com-mittee, which confifts of gentlemen, principal inhabitants
of the city, who have appointed James Rufl'eil, Bfifj. Maf-ter of the Ceremonies, and as a compenfation for his trou-
ble he has a ball annually.
The
4^ THE BRISTOL ANDThe following are the eftablifhed rul^s, viz.That the Affembly fhall be fupported by a fubfcriptioii
of two guineas from each fubfcriber, to be paid to the Trea-furer at the firft opening thereof.
That the admiffion of every new fubfcriber fhall be bythe confent of a majority of the committee.
That no gendeman inhabitant of the city or the environsfliall be admitted to the Affembly without becoming a fub-
fcriber.
That non-refldents fhall pay five fhillings for each night*s
admiflion.
That all officers in his Majefty's fervice, who are notfubfcribers, be admitted as non-refidents, paying five fhil-
lings each night of admiffion.
That every fubfcriber be entitled to two ladies' tickets.
That the minuets begin at half paft fix o'clock and endat eight, when countiy dances are to commence.That no children in frocks be admitted to dance mi-
nuets.
That in country' dances the ladies fhall draw for their
places, which fhall be claimed, and taken in the firft dance,
or lofe the benefit thereof.
That in country dances the Mafter of the Ceremoniesfhall have the privilege of complimenting three ladies, be-ing firangers, with the three firft places.
That ladies changing partners fliall maintain their re-
fpeftive places, but not the gentlemen.
That any lady, who has not drawn for places cominginto a fet fhall go to the bottom.
That the top couple, after calling one dance, fhall retire
to the bottom.
That every couple going down with a dance will be ex-
pefted to go up the fame. mIf it is thought necefl'ary by the Mafler of the Ceremo-
nies to have two fets at country dances, every fecond cou-ple to be drawn off into another fet.
That ladies fhall not be admitted in hats.
That the balls be once a fortnight, and continue till the
fabfcription-monev be expended.That
HbTWELL GUIDE. 4*
That at eleven'o'clock all dancing fliall ceafe, and thStnuficians retire at the fignal of the Mafter of the Ceremo-hies, excepting on his benefit, or any public night, whenthe time of breaking-up is left to his own difcretion.
That all expences be paid out of the fubfcription-money,and the number of Affemblies be determined according as
there fhall be a fufficiency in the hands of the Treafurer for
their fupport.
That whatever nloney may be taken for the admiffion ofhon-fubfcribers, Ihall be laid out at the end of the feafon in
a cotillion ball.
That in cafe of any breach of thefe regulations, com-plaint fhall be made to the Mafter of the Ceremonies,whofe authority will be fupported by every member of the
fociety.
That Mr, Ruffell be continued Mafter of the Ceremonies
on the ufual plan ; that he provide fix good muficians to
compofe the band ; and that he be attentive to thefe regu-
lations, and fuch others as the Committee Ihalljudge necef-
fary to fuperadd.
That thefe rules b? printed, and a copy of them fent to
every fubfcriber.
Here are alfo public concerts during the winter feafon,
under the conduft of a committee of gentlemen, who have
engaged the beft vocal and i«ftrumental performers in this
city, Bath, &c. The fubfcribeix pay two guineas each ;
they have two tickets regularly fent them for the admiffion
of two ladies. Gentlemen living in Briftol, or its vicinity,
are not admitted, unlefs they fubfcribe. Thofe who are
non-refidents pay five fhillings for their admiffion.
The City Library, in King-ftreet, is a handfome free-
ftone building, and contains a valuable colleftion of books,
which iaitontinually increafing by donations and new pur-
chafes, arifing from annual fubfcriptions of the members.
A Librarian is appointed to attend at a fixed falary, who, by
the inftitution, muft be a clergyman.
farther on in the fame ftreet is the Theatre, ofwhich weneed not fay more, than that the late Mr. Garrick, on an
accurate furvey, pronounced it to be, in his opinion, the
jmoft complete in Europe of its dimenfions : it was opened
4'5^ T H E B R I S T O L A N D
on Friday, May 30, 1766, with the comed)^of the Con-
fcious Lovers^-and farce of the Citizen ; on which occafion
Mr. Garrick wrote a prologue and epilogue : the prologue
was fpoken by Mr. Powell, and the epilogue by Mr. Ar-thur : the fcenes were painted by the late Mr. French ; they
are executed in a mafterly ftile, and all the decorations are
in an elegant tafte. We may venture to fay, that there are
few places where the lovers of the drama will find plays in.
general, better performed than they are in this theatre.
The Coopers'-hall, fituate alfo in this flreet eaft of the
Theatre, is a very elegant freeftone edifice, with a fuperb
front of the Corinthian order, upon a ruftic bafement. It
was built from a defign of the late Mr.William Halfpenny,
architeft. You afcend by a flight of ftairs to the principal
room, which is very large and loftyj and in which is a
mufic gallery. In this room is a concert every Friday even-
ing by the gentlemen of the Harmonic Society,
The Cuftom-houfe ftands near the centre, on the North
fide of Queen-fquare. It is a large commodious brick-
building, with a piazza of freeftone pillars, of the Ionic
order, fronting the Square. The fituation is very conve-
nient for the merchants, as well as the King's officers, to
tranfaft all bufinefs relative to the Cuftoms, as being near
the Quays, where fhips outward bound lie to take in their
cargoes, and thofe which arrive from abroad difcharge
them. On the north-weft corner of the Square is the
Excife-ofEce ; as is alio, at the north-eafl comer, the Man-fion-houfe, appointed for the refidence of the Mayor during
the year he continues in that office.
The City Grammar-School, in Unity-ftreet, near the
College-Green, is a large commodious building, welladapted to the purpofe, in a retired, airy, healthfiil fitua-
tion. Here are two maftcrs, both clergymea of the
church of England : the head mafter muft be a Mafter of
Arts, he has a falary of eighty pounds a^ year, anddwells in the houfe ; the under mafter muft not be be-
low the degree of a Bachelor of Arts, his falary is forty
pounds a year, and an allowance for a houfe. This fchool
has two fellowftiips at St. John's College, Oxford, worththirty pounds a year cachj bcfides which there are two ex-
_ hibitiona
H O T W E L L GUIDE. 43
Jhibitions of ten pounds a year each, two other at fix poundsa year each, and one at five pounds.
There are alfo the following hofpitals and charitabie
foundations in this city, viz.
St. Peter's- hofpital, in St, Peter-ftreet, is the general
hofpital for the poor of the whole city ; and vagrants whoare found begging in the ftreets are taken up and fent hither.
It is a large fpacious building, and was formerly the Mintfor the coinage of money in Briftol. It is under the direc-
tion of a Governor, Deputy-Governor, Treafurer, &c.—There is alfo an Apothecary, who has for medicines
./'lao o per ann,
A Chaplain,. 40 oMafter,.- 50 oMatron, 30 oClerk, .. ....^... ..,....- .. 41 12
Officer, -. 31 4Baker,,.. 27 6Brewer,.- ig IS
Bcfides which there are many inferior officers and attend-
ants. For the fupport of this hofpital there is an annual
affeffment on the feveral parifhes in Briftol ; the particu-
lars of which we have already aflrarted in page 16.
Briftol Infirmary, Earl-ftreet, St. James's, was a large
handfome building, with two wings ; the fituation airy and
retired, and had conveniences to receive 150 in-patients.
But this limitation being found inadequate to relieve the
feveral objefts that applied, it was propofed to ereft an In-
firmary on a larger fcale, one of the wings of which is al-
ready built. This charity is fupported by voluntary fula-
fcriptions, and is condufted on the moft extenfive liberal
plan. Here all real objefts from any part of the world,
who have the misfortune to receive any accidental injury,
are immediately admitted, and every afliftance is adminif-
tered to alleviate their diftrefs. Here the ableft phyficians
and furgeons give their attendance regularly, and there is
an apothecary in the houfe, who is fupplied with the beft
medicines, &c. The provifions alfo, and every other ne-
ceffary are as good as it is poffible to procure ; and during
the patient's illnefs they have proper nurfes appointed to
. G 2 take
44 . T H E B R I ST O L A a D
take care of them. A charity fo univerfal and benevolent
as this, has a claim for fupport, on every individual pof-
feffed of ability, who has any feeling for the fufferings of
humctnity.
Coiiton's Hofpital, for maintaining and educating onehundred boy£, on St. Auguftine's-Back.
Colfton's Charity School, Temple-ftreet, for cloathing
and teaching forty boys.
Colfton's Alms-houfe, St. Michael's-hill, for twelve menand twelve women.
St. James's Poor-houfe, JBarr's-lane, for twelve women.Queen Elizabeth's, iikewife called tjie City Hofpit^J,
Chriftmas-flreet, for maintaining and educating from forty-
four to fifty boys.
Red Maids' School, College-Green, for maintaining andinftrufting forty girls.
Gift-houfe, St, James' s-Back, for fix widows or maid-
ens,
Poor-houfe, St. James-Back.Merchants' Hofpital, King-ftreet, for nineteen feamen
and twelve feamen's widows,St. Nicholas' Alms-houfe, King-ftreet, for fixteen el-
derly women.Spencer's Alms-houfe, Lewin's-Mead, for twelve per-
fons upwards of fifty years old.
Burton's Alms-houfe, Long-Row, for fixteen widows.Merchant-Taylors' Hofpital, Merchant-ftreet, for nine
perfonsi
Elbridge's Charity School, St. Michael's-hill, for teach-
ing twenty-four girls to read, write, &c.Ridley's Alms-houfe, Milk-ftreet, for five old batche-
lors and five old maids.
Aldermen Stevens's Alms-houfe, Old-Market, for fix-
teen freemen's widows or daughters.
Trinity, or Dial Hofpital, Old-Market, for twenty-twoperfons above fifty years old.
Redcliff and St. Thomas Charity School, Pile-ftreet, for
teaching forty boys to read, write, &c.Baptift Poor-houfe, Redcrofs-ftr^et, for four aged per-
sons,
Baptid
HOTWELL GUIDE. 45
Baptift Poor-houfe, Milk-flreet, for five old maids orancient widows.
RedclifF-HiU Alms-houfe, RedclifF-HiU.
Forfter's Alms-houfe, Steep-ftreet, St. Michael's-Hill,
for feven men and feven women, upwards of fifty years
old.
Prefbyterian Charity School, Stoke's-Croft, for teach-
ing thirty boys reading, writing, &c.
Prefbyterian Alms-houfe, Stoke's-Croft, for twelve wo-men.
Redcliff Poor-houfe, called Roger Magdalen's of Non-ney, without Temple-Gate,
Charity School Temple-Back, for teaching twenty-four
girls to read and few.
Weavers' Hall, Temple-ftreet, for four widows of the
Mafter or Wardens of the Weavers' company.
Aldermen Stevens's Hofpital, Temple-ftreet, for twelve
women, widows or daughters of freemen, of fixty years
old and upwards.
Do£tor White's Hofpital, Temple-ftreet, for fix menand fix women.The Tucker's-Hall, Temple-ftreet, for fix old perfons,
men or women.All-Saints' Alms-houfe, Tower-Lane-fteps, for eight old
women.Strange's, or St. John's Alms-houfe, Tower-Lane-fteps,
for thirteen old women.For tlie particulars of the foregoing charities, we refer
our readers to a publication printed for Thomas Mills,
which may be had of him, or the other bookfellers in
Briftol, price is.
Befides the above there is Lawfords'-Gate Poor-houfe,
for the out-parifh of St. Philip and Jacob.
Alfo the people called Quakers have a Work-houfe for
their poor.
A Difpenfary for lying-in women.
St. Michael's and St. Auftin's Charity School, for teach-
ing and cloathing twenty-five boys and girls.
There are likewife Sunday Schools, and a Marine Soci-
ety eftablifhed for apprenticing and fitting out poor boys for
the fea. Briftol
46 THE BRISTOL AND IBriftol had lixtcen gates in 1671, as appears by a plan of
it publiftied in that year, of which ther« now remain only
the following, viz.
Temple-Gate, the principal entrance into the city from
Bath, London, &c. It was built in 1734, is an ele-
gant ftrufture of freeftone, confifting of a large arch
gate-way of fufEcicnt height for loaded carriages to pafs
under it : over the centre of this arch, on the South fide,
are carved the city arms ; and on the North fide, next
Temple-llreet, are the King's arms : there are two poft-
crns, one on each fide, for foot paflengers.
St. John's-Gate, on which are erefted the tower and"
fpire of St. John's church.
Bridewell has two gates, betwixt which is a prifon for
the confinement and correftion of offenders. There is
likewife another prifon called Lawford's-Gate Bridewell,
whereto thofe who have done any mifdemeanour without
the liberties of the city, and in the county of Glocefter, are
committed and confined, previous to their being fent to
Glocefter to be tried.
The city prifon for felons and debtors is called Newgate.
The gate, which was one of the principal entrances into
the city and cfaft.le, was very ftrong, and had a portcullis
for its defence, as appeared by the grooves on the top of
the arch, and on each fide of the gate-way, which is but
lately taken down. The prifon is greatly improved and
enlarged, fo that it is now rendered as' convenient and
healthy as any prifon in the kingdom : there is in it a de-
cent chapel, and an ordinary is appointed by the Corpora-
tion to perform divine fervice therein.
There are five Squares in Briftol, viz.
Queen-Square, which is tiie largeft, includes feven acres
and a quarter. There is a fpacious gravel walk, with a
double row of trees on each of the four fides of the area
;
this is railed in from the carriage-way before the fronts of
thehoufes, which are handfomely built, and have a noble
appearance : there are alio walks acrofs at right angles,
and from the middle of the four fides. In the centre is anequeftrian ftatue of King William the Third, fet up in the
year 17.36, at the expence of the Corporation: it is of
brafs
H O T W E L L d U I D E. 47
"brafs cafl; ; the King is in a Roman habitj with his arms-
extended, and in his hand a truncheon : the whole of this
ftatue is a moft exquifite performance, well worth the ob-fervation of the connoiffeur ; it was done by the late Mr.Ryfhrack. On the North fide of the Square is the Cuftom-Houfe, the Manfion-HoufCy and the Excife-Office, ofwhich we have already taken notice^
The other Squares are—King's-Square, Brunfwick-Square, and St. James's Square ; thofe three are in the pa-Eifli of St. James ; Somerfet-Square is in St. Mary RedclifF
parifh ; they are all defirable places of refidence for thcfe
who choofe a retired fituation ; each of them is kept in
good order, and remarkably neat and clean.
The College-Green may not be improperly mentionednext ; the fituation is a pleafing eminence, the ground-plat
is of a triangular figure, the walks are all of gravel, welllaid out, and on each lide of them are many {lately elmtrees, the fhade and refrefhing coolnefs of which caufe this
place to be much frequented in the Summer evenings ; the
falubrity of the air, being near the country, and yet but afmall diftance from the centre of the city, the Quay, &c.and being in the direft road to the Hotwell, makes this
pFace a defirable refidence for the valetudinarian ; andftrangers, whofe health does not immediately compel themto go to the Wells or Clifton, frequently have lodgings
here. There are feveral confiderable houfes on this Ipot
;
On the fouth fide of it ftand the Cathedral, St. Auguftine's
church, and the old gate that formerly led to the Monaf-tery ; on the north fide is St. Mark's church, commonlycalled the Mayor's chapel.
The Quay is generally efteemed one of the finefl mercan-
tile havens in Europe ; it is upwards of a mile in extent,
reaching from St, Gites's-Bridge toBriflol-Bridge, ani is all
the way embanked by a firm wall coped with large hewnftone, from which to the front buildings isfuch a confidera-
ble breadth, without interruption, as to make it one conti-
nued wharf. It goes under feveral diftinft names , that part
of it from Briflol-Bridge to the turn of the river oppofite
RedcIifF-Parade, is called the Back ; and from hence fol-
lawing the courfe of the river downwards, is called the
Grove s-
48 THEBRISTOLANE}Grove ; here is a dock dug out from the river, which will
contain ten large fhips ; further on is alfo another fuch
dock I on the Weft fide of this laft is a building, erefted
on fourteen pillars of caft iron, called the Great Crane,
ufed for loading and unloading fhips lying at this dock ; it
is a curious piece of mechanifm, conftrufted by the inge-
nious Mr. Padmore, and well worth obfervation : fromhence to the mouth of the river Froom, is called the Gibb.All thefe parts of the Quay are formed on the banks of the
main river, called the Avon, which takes its rife from a
fpring near Broad-Hindon, in Wiltfhire, about a mile
from the head of the Thames ; it runs by Wootton-Baffet,
Chippenham, Melkfliam, Bradford, Bath, and fo on to
Briftol ; it is but a narrow river, and here it is fcarcely
more than 1 20 yards in breadth at high water, and at lowwater is almoft dry, fo that the fhips lie aground m a foft
bed of mud ; the fpring tides rife here to the height of
twenty feet and upwards, fo that there is depth of water
fufficient for fhips of the greateft burthen and fully laden,
to come up clofe to the walls, and there difcharge their
cargoes. From hence, the river being joined by the
Froom,pafles on by the Hotwell, between the rocks of St.
Vincent, and, in a ferpentine courfe of about eight miles,
difcharges itfelf into the Severn fea.
What is called the Quay, and by no other name, is
formed on the Eaft bank of the river Froom, which is a
fmall ftream that takes it rife near Dodington, in Glocef-
terfliire, thirteen miles Eaft from Briftol. This river for-
merly ran through Baldwin-ftreet, and emptied itfelf into
the Avon at the upper end of the Back by Briftol-Bridge^
The prefent Quay was dug in the year 1247, the ground
being purchafed for the purpofe of the Abbot "William
Bradftone and the Convent of St. Auguftine, when the
old courfe of the river was filled up, and the current turned
into the prefent channel ; the confluence of the two rivers
being npw at the point called Gibb-Taylor, from whenceto St. Giles;s-Bridge it is nearly half a mile in length, in a
ftrait line. Here the greater number of fhipping lie, andmake a noble appearance ; the vaft quantities of different
merchandize daily feen on the wharfs, is a convincing
proof
HOTWELLGUIDE. 49
proof of the very great trade carried on in the port of Brif-
tol. There are cranes erefted in proper places for loadingand unloading fhips, which cranes are all numbered for
the more readily finding any vel^i^l lying near thereunto ;
and oppofite to the different parts of the Quay are feveral
yards for building and repairing fhips, &c. which beingnear the centre of buiinefs, are very convenient for the in-
fpeftion of the merchants, captains, or any perfon theymay appoint to fuperintend their naval works. And abouta mile from Briftol, on the left hand fide of the road lead-
ing to the Hotwell, are Champion's Docks, where havelately been built feveral fhips of war for the fervice of Go-vernment, and likewife many fhips and veffels are daily
building for the merchants' fervice : here are dry-docks, for
compleating or repairing, of fuch magnitude as to hold a fhip
of 74 guns, and a dock with Water, wherein forty fail oflarge
velfels deeply laden, may fecurely lie afloat. From St. Au-gufline's Back over the Froom, is a Draw-bridge, muchadmired for the fimplicity of its conftruftion; it requires
only two people, one on each lide of the river, to elevate
it, for the Severn trows and other veflels to pafs through
during the time of the tides; thefe trows are generally fta-
tioned between this and another bridge, about two hun-
dred yards higher up, called St. Giles's, which terminates
the Quay on one end, as does Briftol-Bridge on the other.
Briftol-Bridge is erefted on the foundations of the OldBridge, which was begun to be taken down in the year
1 760, and the prefent one, from a plan of Mr. Bridges,
architeft, was finifhed building, and opened the 1 7th of Sep-
tember 1 768. It is of hewn ftone, brought from the quar-
ries of Courtfield, bordering on the river Wye, in Mon-mouthfhire, corififting of three circular arches ; the piers
are forty-two feet long and ten thick, the fpan of the feg-
ment of the centre arch is fifty feet, the two fide arches are
thirty-nine feet each. It has a balluftrade of Portland-ftonc
feven feet high, and a raifed way on each fide^for foot paf-
fengers, fecured from the carriage-way by iron pillars and
chains ; at each end are two freeftone buildings for the
coUeftors who receive the tolls ; the whole defign is pleaf-
jne and elegant : From it is feen, on the South-weft fide, St.^ H Nicholas
go THEBRISTOLAND
Nicholas church, and that part of the Quay called the Bac^,
which is principally taken up by coafting veffels and market
boats ; and farther on, rifing above the river, is RedclifF
Parade, a very neat range of new built houfes, from whencethere is a moft extenfive and delightful view of great part
of the city, fhipping, and country adjacent.
We cannot clofe our defcription of the feveral places
worth obfervation in Briftol without taking notice oi Bran-
don-Hill, as being within the liberties of the city. It is a
mountain of a conic form, at leaft two hundred feet in
perpendicular height from its bafe, ending almoft in a point
at the top, where formerly flood a fmall chapel dedicated
to St. Brandon ; from hence the city is feen to the greatefl
advantage, for being fb near, it appears as it were a map,and there is a delightful view of the country for manymiles around. The hilt feems to be for the moft part a
rock, covered with a thin ftratum of earth, which in fomeplaces towards the fummit is quite bare. This rock for
hardnefs and clofenefs of grain is nearly equal to porphyry,
though not fufceptible of bearing a polifli, as it is not of
the marblfe kind; it is highly prized by artifts for the pur-
pofe of grinding colours or hard fubftanccs, for whichthere is not any ftone in the world fuperior to it ; but the
difficulty of fawing and working renders it fo very ex-
penfive, that it is but rarely wrought. Around the fides,
quite up to the top, grow large bufhes, whereon the inha-
bitants fpread their linen to diy after wafhing. In the civil
wars this hill was fortified againft the city by Cromwell's
army, and part of the trenches then made yet remain. Onthe South fide of the lower part is a pleafant walk that leads
from the College Green to Clifton, and there is building a
row of neat houfes, fome of which are nnifhed and inha-
bited.
We have only further to remark, that no place in Eng-land is better regulated with refpeft to the police than Brif-
tol, and the city is every where well paved and lighted
with lamps, which are kept burning during their proper
kours the whole year.
Of
H O T W E L L G U I D E. 5I
Of the H O TW E L L.Its situation and first discov£ry, nature andvirtue of the water, and in what disordersits use is particularly recommended; de-scription of clifton, and of the countryseveral miles round bristol, in tke courseof which, every thing that is curious orworthy of observation is pointed out.
THE Hotwell is diftant one mile and a half weftwardfrom the city of Briftol, on the Glocefterlhire fide of
the river Avon, in the parifh of Clifton. The river here
is but little if any broader than it is at Briftol, and is almoft
dry at low water ; but on the full and change of the moonthe -fpring tides rife to the height of thirty to thirty-fix feet
perpendicular, fo that there is fufficient depth of water for
370 gun fhip of war to pafs up or down with fafety. Oneach ilde of the river rifes a moft magnificent range of ftu-
pendous craggy rocks ; thofe on the Hotwell fide are called
St.Vincent's, on the higheftof which* was formerly a cha-
pel dedicated to that faint, who was a native of Spain, and
luffered martyrdom at Valencia, anno 305, therefore the
fpring was antiently called St. Vincent's well. Thefe rocks
foi the moft part, when broken up, are of a brown or cho-
colate colour'd marble, very hard, clofe grained, and onbeing ftruck with a hammer emit a ftrong fulphurous ftench;
When fawed into flabs, it appears beautifully variegated
throughout with veins of white, bluifli grey, yellow, or
faint red; and as it bears as high a poHfh as any of the fo-
reign marbles, it is frequently wrought for chimney-pieces,
Sic. much of it is alfo ufed as ballaft for the fliipping and
for making lime, for which laft purpofe there is not any
ftone in England equal to it for ftrength and whitenefs ; and
on this account there is great demand for it abroad; HereH 2 are
- '* About one third of the way down this rock (where are now
the remains of a windmill) is a large cavern called Giant's-hole, it
is fuppofcd to have been an old hermitage, and originally to have
communicated with the furface near the chapel.
52 THEBRISTOLANDare many quarry-men daily employed in blowing up and
rending the rocks with gunpowder, and it frequently hap-
pens on thefe occafions, that a huge fragment, lingly of
many tons weight, is thrown off, and falling with an in-
creafed velocity, makes the moft horrible crafli, as it re-
peatedly flrikes the precipice ; this, together with the loud
report of the explofion, is moft Awfully fublime and grand,
emulating thunder, being re-echoed from on every fide bythe furrounding cliffs.
As thefe rocks on one fide of the river fo perfeftly coin-
cide with the oppofite (the ftrata of each running in correl-
pondent parallels) moft people concur in opinion that they
were once united in the fame body, and have been fepara-
ted by fome dreadful convulfion of Nature. PolTibly it
might have happened at the general deluge. James Lacy,
Efq. the defigner of Ranelagh-houfe, was confulted onthe proje£l of building a bridge of one arch from rock to
rock over the river Avon; Mr. Vick, an eminent wine-
merchant, of Briftol, who died about thirty-fix years ago,
bequeathed one thoufand pounds towards this undertaking,
which if ever put in execution and perfefted, will be the
nobleft bridge of one arch in the world.
On the blowing up of thefe rocks, be'.ween the joints of
the different ftrata, in crevices and fmall cavities, it is that
thofe cryftals known by the name of Briftol ftones are
found, fome of which are exceedingly clear, c^ourlefs,
and brilliant, and of fo hard a nature as to cut glaf* whichgave rife to their being called Briftol diamonds : We have
fecn fome of them fet in rings, &c. in their natural ftate,
which had all the appearance of being as well cut, and of
as high a polifh and luftre, as if they had been wrought bythe moft fkilful lapidary ; fome few are found tinged with
a purple, and others of a yellow colour, thefe laft may not
improperly be termed amethifts and topazes.
In pafTing along by the fhops, we fee expofed for fale
pieces of ftone incrufted with clufters of glittering formsrefembling cryftals, which the venders call Briftol ftones,
but thefe incruftations are generally nothing but fpar, of a
quite different nature from the other, being foft, and if put
into a fire foon become lime, while the true ftone fuffers noalteration
HOT WELL GUIDE. 53
alteratio'n thereby ; however they anfwer the purpofe wellenough for the decoration of grottos, &c.The criterion by which to diftinguifh the true cryftal
ftones from fpar is, that if an attempt be made to cut glafs
with fpar, it being foft breaks, alfo if it be put into a fire,
it prefently calcines into lime ; aqua-fortis likewife corrodesit, but takes no efFeft on cryftal ; and the fhoots of fpar are
triangular or pentangular, but thofe of cryftal are hexago-nal and terminate in a point.
Was it not that the river exhibits rather a muddy ap-
pearance, imagination could not form any thing more en-
chanting and beautiful than the views about the Hotwell,whether feen from below, or from the fummit of the clifts ;
the richnefs and grandeur of the fcene are inconceivable
;
in fome places the rocks, venerably majeftic, rife perpen-dicular, or overhanging, craggy, and bare ; in others theyare cloathed with the moft luxuriant fhrubs and ftately
trees, all in their wildeft ftate, rifmg one above the other,
difplaying the greateft variety of verdure, accompaniedwith every hue, and elegance of colour, that Nature can be-
ftow on her moft favorite produ6tion, to gratify the fenfe
and charm the eye ; the turf alfo on which we tread
abounds with aromatic plants, geraniums, &c. natives of
this fpot, and which are not to be met with in any other
part of England ; they here grow fpontaneoufly, and the
air being perfumed with their refrefhing fragrance, the va-
litudinarian feems to breathe new life, and again enjoys the
bleffmgs that await returning health and chearfulnefs.
From the bottom of thefe clifts, on the Eaft brink of the
river, iffues the Briftol Hotwell water, fo defervedly ef-
teemed for its efficacy in a variety of diforders. Thefpring arifes out of an aperture in the folid rock, about ten
feet above the furface of the river at low water, and is com-
puted to difcharge about forty gallons in a minute. Tradi-
tion tells us that it was at firft difcovered by fome failors irx
pafling up and down the river in their boats, and that they
ufed it outwardly for fcorbutic complaints, and healing old
fores -, on this account it was that fome perfons made a kind
of brick refervoir for it, which was paved at the bottom,
and in this ftate it remained till the beginning of the laft
century
54 THE BRISTOL AND
century. Whai firft rendered this water fo famous, was a
circumftance that happened about the year 1680, whenfeme perfons of confequence in Briftol afflifted with the
diabetes died, notwithftanding the faculty had tried every
means in their power to conquer the diforder ; therefore
ihis terrible difeaie was deemed incurable : One WilliamGagg, a baker, who lived in Caflle-ftreet, being feized
with it, was defpaired of by all who knew him ; but heone night dreaming that he drank plentifully of the Hot-well water, was wonderfully relieved by it ; following the
impulfe of his dream, he the next morning tried it, and.
found it to anfwer his wifh fo eflFeftually, that on continu-
ing the ufeof it a fev/ days he came abroad, and recovered
to the great furprize of every body who knew him. Thisone remarkable inltance was fufficient to recommend the
water to others labouring under the fame complaint, andaccordihgly it was found to anfwer expeftation. From this
time the virtues of the water becoming more generally
known, it increafed in reputation, and was fo much fre-
quented by ftrangers, &c. that in i6go the Corporation of
Briftol thought the fpring worth their notice, and Sir JohnKnight, the Mayor, endeavoured to have it inclofed in
fuch manner as to prevent the tide on rifmg to mix with
and foul it ; for this purpofe a flone work was raifed to a
greater height than the tides ever rofe to, but this occa-
fioned fuch a vafh weight of water in the inclofure, as to
change the cOurfe of the fpring, and it M'as in danger of
being loft. In 1695 the Merchant Venturers of Briftol,
whc are Lords of the Manor of Clifton, granted abuilding
leafe to Sir Thomas Day, Robert Yates, Thomas Callow-
hill, and 01 her citizens, and they recovering the fpring,
erefted the Idotwell-Houfe, and made a foundation for
placing pumps, whereby the water might be raifed to the
height of thirty feet ; they alfo contrived pipes for the wafte
water of the fpring to run into the river ; in thefe pipes are
valves, which remain open to let the water out, but fhut
againft any that would force its way in ; this it was thought
would efFeftually anfwer the purpofe of keeping the fpring
pure and unadulterate, yet the high tides ftill continue to
get admiflion, as is imagined through fome undifcoverable
fiffures
H O T W E L L G U 1 D E. ^5
filTures in the rock, and they are obhged for Tome time after
the ebbing of every tide to pump out all the water that wasfouled on its rifmg. It has been remarked that neither thefeafons of the year, nor changes of weather, caufe any alte-
ration either as to quantity or quality, only that fometimes af-
ter long and heavy rains it is a little difcoloured and colderthan uiual ; this is doubtlefs occafioned by the rain makingits way through fome crevices of the rock, and falling inwith the fpring as it rifes ; but in an hour or two after the
ceafmg of fuch hard rains the w^ater again becomes pure andrecovers its priftine tafte and warmth, which fhews that
the grand receptacle from whence it flows is no way dif-
turbed by it ; and it is natural to fuppofe^ that in its paffage
through fuch a vafb bed of rocks, over different ftrata,
and among fuch a variety of mineral and other fubftances,
it mufh be impregnated with their feveral virtues.
Many experiments have been made to difcover the dif-
tinguifhing properties of this water by feveral eminentphyheians and others ; from repeated trials it has beenfound that Farenheit's thermometer flood at fifty degrees
in the common fpring-water of the neighbouring rock-
houfe ; the water of the Hotwell, taken immediately fromthe pump, raifed it to 76 degrees, warm milk from the cowto 89, and as the heat of a healthy perfon feldom exceeds
the degree of 96, it follows that the Briftol water is little
more than three-fourths of the human heat ; the Hot-batli
at Bath raifed the thermometer to 114 degrees, and the
Crofs-bath there to 107.
The water of the Hotwell, beheld in the glafs, appears
perfe6lly pellucid, fparkling, and abounding with air bub-
bles, which are continually rifing from the bottom and
fides to the furface, as if in a ftate of fermentation ; is of a
whitifh colour, which gradually goes off as it grows cold,
nor can it afterwards by any heat of fire ever be raifed to
the like colour again ; this plainly indicates that fomething
very fubtile is contained therein, not recoverable by art
:
Wherefore to have it in perfeftion it muft be drank at the
fpring, where it has a delicate, foft, milky tafle, beyond
that of any other medicinal water in the known world, tho'
in reality it is hard, and will not diflblve foap equally, but
curdles
56 THE BRISTOL AND
curdles into white maflTes ; neither will it wafh linen, or
extraft tea fo well as common water; but if it be keptopen, and expofed for three weeks or a longer time, it
will aniwer thofe purpofes as well as the be ft commonwater ; it leaves a fort of ftipticity or drynefs upon the
palate, and is perfeftly without fmell, very pleafing andgrateful to the ftomach, cooling, and quenches thirft.
On evaporation it is found to contain an alcaline earth,
refembiing levigated pearls; lo fubtle and fine that no art
can imitate it ; fufpended by means of fixed air, together
with a nitrous and a fmall portion of marine falts.
Doftor Higgins, one of the firft Lefturers and teachers
of Chymiftry in London, having been at great pains parti-
cularly to analyze this water, fays, that a Winchefter gal-
lon contains diott, srs.
Of calcareous earth combined v/ith vitriolic
acid in the form of felenite,
Of calcareous earth combined with acidi-
lous gas, ,
Of marine fait of magnefia, o 5^Offeafalt o 6^
I1 124
It moreover contains eight ounce meafures of acidulous
gas, beyond the quantity retained by the calcareous earth in
the heat of boiling water, and two ounce meafures of air,
equal if not fuperior to atmofpheric air in purity.
It has not any animal, vegetable, or fulphurious parti-
cles, fo that being void of the feeds of corruption, it re-
ceives no taint through length of time, or alteration of cli-
mate, but retains its purity in whatever part of the worldit is fent to, which occafions fo great a demand for it
abroad, that there are few places now where it is not to
be procured. To thofe who cannot have recourfe to the
fountain-head, we recommend as the beft method, prepa-
ratory to its being drank, to place a bottle of the Briftol
water in a pan, firft drawing the cork (the pan fhould be
as deep as the bottle is high) then having ready a kettle
pf boiling w-iter. pour it into the pan quite up to the neck,* let
HOTWELL GUIDE. 57
let the bottle ftand therein a few minutes, and it will com-municate to it very nearly the fame degree of heat it hadwhen taken from the fpring ; by this means it is renderedmore agreeable to the tafke, and its virtues receive greater
powers of exertion.
Having had recourfe to the moft approved authors that
have hitherto treated on the Briftol water to aflifl us in the
knowledge of its feveral virtues, and in what diforders it
is efteemed the moft beneficial, we find it ftrongly recom-mended in confumptions, weaknefs of the lungs, and all
cafes attended with heftick fever and heat ; in uterine andother internal haemorrhages, in immoderate difcharge of
the menfesj in old diarrhceas and dyfenteries, in the fluor
albus, in gleets, and the diabetes, for which it is extolled as
a fpecific, and in other cafes where the fecretions are too
much increafed, and the humours too thin, in the ftone and
gravel, in the ftranguary, in colliquative fweats, in fcor-
butic and fimilar cafes, in cholics, in the gout and rheu-
matifm, lofs of appetite and indigeftion, and in many other
difeafes ; externally it is alfp of great ufe in fore and in-
flamed eyes, in fcrophulous and cancerous ulcers, and other
fimilar cafes.
Doftor Keir fays, " it has been found that confumptions,
even in their laft ftages, when the obftrufted parts of the
lungs were come to fuppuration, and an ulcer was manifeft,
when the body has been wafted to a fkeleton, when noc-
turnal fweats were profufe, and even colliquative diarrhceas
were common, a fudden ftop has been put to the rapid
career ; the fyniptoms gradually mitigated, and a recovery
at laft obtained by the regular and loiag continued ufe of
this water, and a ftrift milk diet :" And in fcorbutic and
convulfive cholicks, fpafms, and convulfions, the Doftor
informs us the water has fucceeded beyond imagination.
Alfo in the diabetes he fays, « But among all the remedies
hitherto recommended in the cure of a diabetes, none comes
up to the medicinal hot waters of Briftol ; thefe have of
late years been reputed almoft a fpecific in this diftemper,
and certainly not without reafon, fince daily experience
proclaims the truth." > And further he tells us, that " In
peneral, the ufe of thefe waters is both innocent and fafe,
I notwithftanding
58 THE BRISTOL AND
notwithftanding their powerful virtues ; the patients ill'
moft cafes may drink freely of them, and without referve ;
and thoui^h it is not always fo, yet if any one will venture
without direftions, he knows of no medicinal water, in the
ufe of which a pei fon may with lefs rifk be his own phyli-
cian."
The proper feafon for drinking is the warmer months,
for although the waters differ nothing fenfibly, nor are al-
tered by the feafons, yet is their ufe much more advanta-
geous in Summer than in Winter ; becaule then perfpira-
tion is freeft, and the operation of the water is greatly
promoted by the warmth of the weather ; whereas in
Winter the external cold, efjpecially in weak people, fup-
preffes perfpiration, hinders the alterative quality of the
waters, and throws them off without effe6l by the fenfible
excretions. Add to this that in Summer there are moreopportunities, and better conveniences for the free enjoy-
ment of air, and ufe of exercife, which in many diffcempers
contribute not a little to the cure.
As to any previous preparation, where the particular
circumftances of the diftemper'do not otherwife require
it, very little is neceffary. A gentle vomit of ipecacuanha,
or laxative of rhubarb and caffia, may be of fervice to
cleanfe away the impurities and phlegm lodging in the firft
paffages, which might otherwife be carried into the circu-
lation with the water, and there do mifchief. In feme/ cafes, as fcurvies, gouts, and rheumatifms, brifker purges
may be requifite ; and in the courfe of drinking, various in-
dications may occur, about which no particular direftions
can be given.
The ufual method of drinking the water is to go to the
Pump-room in the morning and drink a glafs of it, whichcontains a full half pint, and then to fit down with the
company in the room half an hour; a band of muficplays every morning during the feafon, for the fup-
port of which each perfon that choofes it fubfcribes five
fhillings. For thofe who prefer exercife to letting flill,
there is a colonade wiih fhops erefted under the rocks, anda gravel walk fhaded with trees by the fide of the river,
which has been confiderably extended, fo that the invalid
has.
HOTWELL GUIDE. 59
lias an opportunity of a pleafant and dry walk in the wet-teft weather, or of a cool and Ihady one in the warmefti'eafon ; add to which, if it be at the time of the tide's com-ing in or going out, they will be agreeably entertained withfeeing the variety of veffels that are continually paffing by.When the half hour is expired, another fuch glafs is to bedrank ; and about five o'clock in the afternoon the like
quantity to be repeated, and in the fame manner. This is
to be continued for the firft two or three days, after which•the water may be encreafed to three glafles in the morningbefore breakfaft, ftaymg half an hour between each, andas much in the afternoon. Thefe fix glafles a day are ge-
nerally the common quantity each perfbn drinks duringtheir ftay at the Hotwells, which is fo far from beingthought a tafk, that it is done with avidity, as being fo
very grateful and pleafant to the tafte.
There are feme few, on their firft drinking the water,
finding it aftringent in the bowels, difcontinue it ; others
have complained of its flying up into their heads, and be-
ing alarmed thereat, have alfo left it off ; but a little perfe-
verance in thofe cafes would have fet all to rights, and con-
vinced them that they had not any thing to fear from thefe
feeming ill eflefts. Many alfo who having drank the wa-ter for fome time, without any apparent advantage, haveimagined that they received no benefit, and have goneaway as they fuppofed unrelieved ; but the good efFefts of
the water, tho' flow, arc fure, and they have found the ad-
vantage fome time after, and repented their not having
made a longer ftay.
It is a fa6l well known, and much to be lamented, that
of the many confumptive patients who are continually
coming to the Hotwell, there are few of them that are not
paft all remedy before their arrival, and are only fent thi-
ther when their lungs are in fuch ftate, that nothing lefs
than the creation of new ones could effeft a recovery. Wedo not wifh to caft any refle£lion on the gentlemen of the
faculty whofe advice they have confulted, but we are afraid
it is too often a praftice with them not to part with a pa-
tient, whilft they have the leaft probability of fuccefs ; whenihey find their art ineffeftual, and the cafe delpcrate, then,
1» and
6o T H E B R I S T L A N D
and not till then, the phyfician configns his patient to the
Briftol Hotwell" to try the effeft of the water, by which heavoids the imputation of their dying under his hands
:
Whereas, had they been fent here at the firft, in all proba-
bility the water alone, or with very little afliflance, wouldhave wrought a cure ; and we doubt not, but that multi-
tudes of thofe whom confumptions have carried oflF, mighthave been faved had they applied in time.
The water at the Hotwell is equally good all the year,
though during the Winter there are few except invalids
that remain there ; ftrangers who come either for health orpleafure, commonly arrive about the beginning of May,from which time to the end of September, there is generally
a great refort of company, therefore that is termed the fea-
fon. We may with truth affirm, that there is not any pub-lic place in the kingdom, where there are better accom-modations of every kind for their reception ; the provifions
of ever;/ fort, are plenteous, and reafonable ; the vegetable
produftionSj early and excellent ; and for thofe who cannotwalk, or prefer riding, there is the fineft country in the
world either for carriages or on horfeback ; the Downs are
near and fpacious, the accefs to them eafy, and the exercile
is enjoyed in a pure air, enlivened by the molt agreeable
profpefts on every fide. From hence is feen the Briftol
river quite down to Kingroad or the Severn fea, with thefhips and veflels continually moving or lying at anchor,and acrofs it the view is terminated by the lofty mountainsin Wales.
At about three quarters of a mile's diftance from theHotwell, lower down on the fame fide of the river, is the
New Hotwell. The water here is fuppofed to contain the
fame virtues as the other ; but as there is only one houfe,and no convenience for company, it is but little frequented,
therefore the water iffuing from this fpring is for the moftpart vended abroad.
No perfons need be at a lofs for amufement during their
refidence at the Hotwell : There are often excurfions downthe river in boats, and fometimes mufical parties that godown as far as Portfet ; thefe generally take a cold collation
with them, and going on fliore dine in the woods there,
which
hotwell guide, 6i
which are exceedingly rural, fliady, a-.d pleafant, andfrom the difFerent openings, command a fine view of the
Briftol Channel as far as the Holms Iflands, the Welchmountains oppofite, and the country round about : herethey flay and regale themfelves till the tide of flood, andthen return ; the eflFeft of the mufic on the water, efpecially
when re-echoed from the rocks, is enchanting, and infpires
the moft agreeable fenfations. There are alfo two verylarge elegant public rooms ; the one called the Old. or Up-per Long-Room, kept by J. Barton ; the other, which is
oppofite, is called the Lower, or New Long-Room, keptby . Foreman. At thefe rooms are public breakfaus
during the feafon every Monday and Thurfday alternately,
with cotillions and country dances, for which each perfon
pays IS. 6d. The balls are on Tuefdays. Subfcription for
walking in the rooms and gardens, and i^eading the newfpa-
pers is 5s. and for the balls one guinea ; this at each room.Subfcribers to the balls are allowed two tickets, which ad-
mit two ladies : Non-fubfcribers 5s. each ball. WilliamPennington, Efq. prefides at this place as Mailer of the
Ceremonies, and is diflinguifhed in the rooms by a medal-
lion and ribbon. This gentleman was indufted to office
in 1785, under the patronage of the Archbilhop of Tuam,the Bifhop of Cloyne, and with the unanimous voice of a
numerous circle of nobility and gentry. His office, like
thofe at Bath, is attended with emolument as well as ho-
nour ; every ftranger who vifits the Hotwells paying himan acknowledgment for his attention. Soon after his
induftion to office, he direfted that regulations be hungup in the rooms for preferving the dignity of the public
entertainments, viz.
TheMafter ofthe Ceremonies, whofe inclination coincides
with his duty to conduft the entertainments of this place with
proper decorum, yet without unnecelfary reftraint, requells
the favor of the company attending to the following rules.
ifl. That a certain row of feats be fet apart at the upper
end of the room, for ladies of precedence, and foreigners of
falhion.
2d. That every lady who has a right to precedence, deli-
ver her card to the Mafter of the Ceremonies on her enter-
ing the room. 3^'
62 THEBRISTOLAND3d. That no gentleman appear with a fword or with fpurs
Sn thefe rooms, or on a ball night in boots.
4th. That after a lady has called her dance, her place in
the next is at the bottom : and for the future it is to be un-
underftood that no lady of rank can avail herfelf of it, after
the country dances are begun.
5th. That on ball nights, when minuets are danced,
ladies who intend dancing there, will fit in a front row, for
the convenience of being taken out and returning to their
places.
6th. That on all occalions ladies are admitted to thefe
rooms in hats, not excepting the balls given to the Mafter
of the Ceremonies.
7th. That thefubfcription-balls will begin as foon as poffi-
ble after feven o'clock, and conclude at eleven, on account
of the health of the company.8th. It is earneftly requefted, that when a lady has gone
down the dance, fhe will be fo polite, as not to retire till it
is concluded. W. PENNINGTON.
Having now gone through with what particularly rela-
ted to the Hotwell, we proceed to a defcription of the
country for fome miles round Briftol, and fliall begin with
Clifton, as being the parifh in which the Hotwell is fitua-
ted, from whence to the city a ftreet of houies reaches al-
moft the whole way by the fiae of the river, and is the
general road for carriages.
CLIFTON is univeifally allowed to be one of the
moft agreeable, healthy, and pleafant villages in the
kingdom ; the air is fo remarkably pure and falubrious
as to occafion its being ftiled the Englifh Montpellier ;
it lies in the hundred of King's-Barton : is fituated on the
fouth and weft of a cliff or hill (whence its name) one
mile weftward of the city of Briftol, over great part of
which it commands a very pleafmg profpeft, as alfo of
the fhips and v^'fTels that on the flood and ebb tides fail upand down the Avon. On the oppofite fhore the well cul-
tivated lands of Somerfetfliire prefent themfelves in a very
beautifiil landfcape, riflng gradually four or five miles from
tlie verge of the river to the top of Dundry-hill, whereon
HOTWELL GUIDE. 63
is a high tower, efleemed the Proteus of the weather, as
being commonly enveloped with mift, fo as fcarcely to bevifiible againft rain, but on the contrary, if it is feen clear
and diftinft, it denotes that it will be a fine day. Clifton
church ftands upon the crown of the hill, it has nothingremarkable or worth obfervation ; fervice is performedtherein every Sunday morning and afternoon ; but on ac-
count of the great increafe of buildings, and as it was ad-judged to be too far diftant for invalids refiding at or nearthe Hotwell, and for thofe who have not the convenienceof a carriage, a chapel has been erefted near Dowry-Square,which, having no endowment, is fupported by a voluntary
fubfcription of the inhabitants and ftrangers that come to
the Wells and frequent this chapelj for the payment of aminifter, &c. to officiate therein ; another chapel is alfo
building at the upper end of Albermarle-Row, for thofe
belonging to Lady Huntingdon's fociety.
The delightful fituation of Clifton, has long fince temptedfeveral perfons of large fortune to make it their principal
refidence, and others continuing to follow the example,
has occafioned the hill to be almofl: every where covered
with refpeftable manfions, moft of them built with free-
ftone in a very elegant ftile, and well deferving attention
:
Here are alfo a great number of handfome houfes built pur-
pofely for letting lodgings, fome nearly adjoining the Hot-
well ; at a fmall diftance is Dowry-Square, the Parade,
and for thofe who choofe a gentle elevation, there is Al-
bemarle-Row, and above that are others ftill higher, rifing
in every gradation to the top of Clifton-hill, where are
many airy pleafant houfes that command a fine profpeft
of the country round ; further on are Boyce's-Buildings,
and on Clifton-Down is Sion-Row, with many others in
difiFerent places, which would take up too much of our
room to particularize ; we {hall only obferve that in gene-
ral they are convenient comfortable dwellings, genteelly
fitted up, and well fuited to the purpofe of fuch as come to
the Hotwell for pleafure only, as well as for thofe whorefort thither for the benefit of the waters and re-eftablifb-
ment of health. The general price paid for lodgings, ei-
ther at the Hotwells or Clifton, is 1 os, a week for each
64 THE BRISTOL AND
room from the 25th of March to the 29th of September,
from which time to the 25th of March again, is only 5s,
each room ; fervants rooms half price: And for thofe whochoofe to board, the ufual price is 16s. a week each per-
fon,' over and above what is paid for lodging ; this for anytime of the year : Servants are boarded at half price.
Of the many principal houfes at Clifton we fhall onlypoint out three, as being moft particularly interefting, andworth the obfervation of ffrangers.
On the fouth fide, oppofite to the church, is Mrs. Gold-ney's; celebrated for a grotto, compofed of a vaft variety
of the moft rare and curious fhells, which have been col-
lefted and brought hither from almoft every part of the
glebe ; thefe are all difplayed in a very beautiful manner,and the interftices are every where enriched with Briftol
and other ftones, different kinds of fpar, mundic, metal-
lic ores, foffils, petrefaftions, &c. The floor is pavedwith a very fine mofaic brick, made for the purpofe ; at
the upper end, in a cavity, is the ftatue of a river god,leaning upon an urn, out of which iflues a tranflucent
ftream of water, fupplied by means of a fmall fire-engine ;
this runs murmuring over fome rough ftones, part of it
into the hollow of a large efcallop or oyfter Ihell, faid to
weigh near three hundred pounds, and from over its in-
dented brim, the water in pleafing gentle rills, falls into a
refervoir underneath, wherein are feveral gold and filver
fifh. Here is alfo another cavity intended to reprefent a
lion's den, and in it two figures of that animal, a male andfemale, well executed. From the grotto is a fubterra-
neous paffage that leads to one of the fineft terrace walks
in England. Here fuch a continued variety of rich andbeautiful views prefent themfelves to the eye, that the moftfertile imagination cannot form an idea equal to it. Thegardens are extenfive, kept in excellent order, and altho'
in the old tafte, are much admired ; in them are a canal,
fountains, &c. fupplied with water by the fame fire-engine
that fupplies the grotto. This canal contains a great num-ber of gold and filver fifh ; on the fides of it are grafs plats.
The feveral walks and avenues are decorated with ftatues,
&c. and bordered with lofty trees, whofe verdure affords
a cool
I
a coal refrefhing (hade in the moft fultry feafon of theyear.
A little to the north-eaft of Mrs. Goldney's, is a capital
houfe, built by Paul Fifher,' Efq. now belonging to JamesCrofs, Efq. It was defigned by Mr. Ware, and the planand elevation publifhed in his Syftem of Architefture.
We will now pafs by the other feveral houfes whichgrace Clifton-hill, and leaving the church on the right handproceed to Clifton-Down ; in the road leading to which,is a range of elegant buildings ; at the farther end of them,on the eaft fide as you enter the Down, is a houfe that be-
longed to the late Sir William Draper, now inhabited byWilliam Gordon, Efq. which we remark for having onthe right hand of the front as you ftand facing it, an obe-iifk of freeftone, with this infcription on the bafe :
Gulielmo Pitt, Comiti de Chatham.Hoc Amicitiae privatae Teftimonium,
Simul et Honoris publici Monumentum^Pofuit Gulielmus Draper.
On the left hand, to anfwer the obelifk, is a cenotaph,
confifting of a raifed tomb, fupporting a large vafe, with
an urn at the top, well executed in freeftone : On the
fide of the vafe are the following elegant verfes :
SiSTE Gradum, si qua est BRITONUM ttbi cura Viator,
SiSTE Gradum; vacuo recolaS inscripta sepulchro
Tristia Fata virum, quos bellicus ardor E'O'UM
Proh dolor ! haud unquam redituros, misit ad orbem ;
NeC TIBI sit LUGUlRE PUlJoR, SI FORTE TUORUMNomina nota lecas, sed cum terraque marique.
invictos heroum animos, et facta revolves
Si patrie te tangit amor, si fama BRITANNUM,
Parce triumphales lachrimis aspergere lauros.
QuiN SI jESIjE penetrare sinus, atque ultima gangis
Pandere claustra pares, INDOSQUE lacessere hello,
Ex HIS virtutem discas, verumque laborem ;
For tun am ex aliis.
K And
$S THEBRISTOLAND
And beneath on a table ;
Sacred
To the Memory of thofe departed Warriorsof the Seventy Ninth Regiment
By whofe Valour, Difcipline, and Perfeverance,
The French Land Forces in Afia
were firft withftood and repulfed
;
The Commerce of Great Britain preferved
;
Her Settlements refcued from impending Deftruftion,
The memorable Defence of Madrafs,
The decifive Battle of WANDEWASH,Twelve ftrong and important FortrelTes,
Three fuperb Capitals
ARCOT, PONDICHERRY, MANILLA,And the PHILLIPINE ISLANDS,
are lafting Monuments of their Militaiy Glory.
Their generous Treatmentof a vanquifhed Enemy
Exhibits an illuftrious Exampleof true Fortitude and Moderation,
worthy of being tranfmitted
to lateft Pofterity,
That future Generations may knowHumanity is the Charafteriftic
of BRITISH CONQUERORS.
The fides of the table are infcribe 1 with the names of
the officers of the feventy-ninth regiment who fell in Afia.
Field-Officers,. X. Brereton, J. Moore.Captains, .... ..Knutall, Stewart, Wingficld, Delaval,
Chrifholm, Chefhyre, Upheld, Strahan,
Muir, Moore.Lieutenants, . . .Whaley, G. Browne, Hopkins, Robinfon,
T.Browne, Le Grand,Winchelfea, Rofton,
Campbell, Fryer, Turner, Richbel!,
Bouchier, Bufteed, Hardwick.^nfigns, Collins, Vaflette, La Tour, Horler, Mac
Mahon.Surgeons, .. ...Smith, Atherton, At
HOTWELL G U I D fe. 67
At the ends of the tomb, in fmall oval tables, is the fol-
lowing :
Siege of Madrafs raifed,. . .. Feb. 17,.. -.1759Conjeveran taken by florm,. . . .April 13^Battle of Wandewafh gained, . . .Jan. 22,-
Arcot recovered, Feb. 1 o,
.
Corical taken, April 5,.
The lines of Pondicherry flormed, Sep. 10,.
Pondicherry furrendered, . -Jan. 16,.
Manilla taken by ftorm, . . . .Oft. 6,.
--1759- -1760
..1760
..1760
..1760
..1761
..1762
On Clifton-Down there are ancient fortifications and in-
trenchments, where the remains of a windmill now {land,
and coins of the later Roman Emperors have frequentlybeen found about the camp ; there are other intrench-ments oppofite on the Somerfetfhire fide of the river Avon.They are all fuppofed to be the works of the Roman fol-
diers under Oflorius, who caufed fortifications to be raifed
in many places along that river, above and below Briftol,
which was probably the reafon why the Britons gave the
name of *Caer Oder, i.e. Caflrum Ofterij, to that city.
St. Vincent's rocks and their neighbourhood are knownto produce a variety of plants, either peculiar to the place,
or very rarely to be met with ; the following is a more cor-
reft lift of them than has yet appeared. We have arranged
them alphabetically under the Linnasan names, to which' are added the Englifh names, alfo where they are to be
found, and at what feafon of the year ; this method wethought would in general be moie acceptable to our read»
ers than if we had only clafled them in the order of Lin-
naeus.
^GiLOPs. incurvata. Sea hard-grafs. Byl t ,,,„ ^^ a a^1 • , r ^ } (une toAuauitthe river s ude J"^
°
Alopecurus. paniceus. Bearded fox-tai 11 t,,„^.„ a nr c. -ir- .. 1 > JunetoAugult
grals. bt. Vincent s rock. j^ °
Anethum. fceniculum. Fennel. Below! y , , .
/->-... 1 I f "ly an^ Aug,Giant s-hoie J^
^ °
Antirrhinum, cymbalaria. Ivy-leav'dly f, .
toadflax. Walls about Clifton. jJ"''^ ^'^ ^^P^*
K 2 Aquilegia;
* Vide page 2*
63 THE BRISTOL AND
une.Aqu I legia- vulgaris. Columbines. St. "1
jVincent's rock /''
Arenaria. rubra. Purple fandwort, or T .An.fca fpurry. By the river fide. ) J""^ ^^ ^"S"^
^RENARiA. tenuifolia. Fine-leav'd fand- x
wort. The foot of St. Vinqent's ( June and July.
rock — )Asparagus, officinalis.,, Common fpara- 5 July and Aug.
gus. Meadow beipw Cook's Folly.J
"^ ^°'
AspLENiuM. '
ceterach. Spleenwort. "1
jyj^ ^.^ g ^.^
Common JAsPLENiuM. ruta muraria. White^
fpleenwort, or maidenhair. Com- )»June to Sept.
mon J*Arabis. ftrifta. Rough wall-creffe. On"!
p^^^^j^ ^^ ^many parts or the rocks, )
-'
'
Bryum. extinftorium. Extinguiflierbry-l ,^n * n
urn. Various places on St. Vin- C ^^,'^° ^"g"^
cent's rocks. )following.
BRYum. pomifor. Apple bryum. On the 1 ^ , ,
rocks in Leigh-wood, rare J ^^ ^ P°
BuPLEURUM. tenuiffimum, Leaft tho-^
row-wax, or hare's ear. In the > July and Aug,meadows below Cook's Folly. . . )
Carduus. acaulis. Dwarf thiflle. St. "1 .'
Vincent's rock jJ^V-Chenopodium. maritimum. Seagoofe-1 . „
foot. By the river fide / ^^i"^^^'
Chlora. perfoliata. Perfoliate yellow--j
wort. St. Vincent's rocks and C July.Leigh-wood j
Cochlearia.
* We have given a plate of this very rare plant, as from what Vfccan coUeft, no figure of it has yet been publifhed, Linnseus does notmention it, but the reader may find an accurate defcription of it inHudfon's Flora Anglica. It has probably been miftaken for the Car-damine bellidifolia, or daify lady's fmock, which is not a ziative ofSt. Vincent's rocks, although reported as fuch by many vrritcrs.
H O TWE L L G U I D 1, 69
CoCHLEARiA. anglica. Seafcurvy-grafs.l -yr
By the river fide J^^"^'Cotyledon, umbilicus veneris. Navel-"^
wort, or wall pennywort. St. ^JunetoAuguft,Vincent's rock ...,-, .J
\
Digitalis, perpurea. Purple fox-glove.^
Leigh-wood, and near Cook's > July.'
Folly )
E
EirpH
RiGERON, acre. Blue erigeron, or blue "1 , . 1 *
fleabane, St. Vincent's rocks." j J ^ °'
ORBiA. exigua. Dwarf fpurge. AtT j 1
the foot of St. Vincent's rocks, j J J'
Galeopsis. ladanum. Red dead nettle,"^
or nettle-hemp. St. Vincent's )'June to Auguftrocks. .-...- J
Galium, irjontanum. Mountain ladies")
bedfiraw. St. Vincent's rocks, >July and Aug.near Clifton-turnpike J
Geranium, maritimum. Sea crane's-"! ,^ r 1
bill. By the river fide ) June and July.
Ge RANiuM. fanguineum. Bloody crane's-"^
bill. Oh St. Vincent's rocks. ^JulyandAug,Common. ---J
GlAux. maritima. Sea milkwort, or\black faltwort, By the river fide. J
J""^ ^'^^ J^^Y^
Hipp OCRE PIS. comofa. Tufted horfc-"J ti
Ihoe vetch. Near Giant's-hole. J"^
^'
Hypericum, humifufum. Trailing St. "1 t 1
John's wort, Clifton turnpike, j'^
^*
Hypericum, montanum. Mountain St, \ t '.
John's wort. Clifton turnpike. J*^'°
JIypericum. pulchrum. Elegant orUp-"^
right St. John's wort. St. Vin- lj i
font'a rz-irlrc hplriTir f~".li'fVnn turn- I «J ''^
cent's rocks, below Clifton turn- C
pike. .,.,.,..,.,. = . ...J
LATHRqiAa
yO THE BRISTOL AND
Lathrcta. fquammaria. Tooth-wort. "\ . ., , .
.
Leigh-(vood ) AP"^ ^"^ May.
Lepidium. petroeum. Mountain pep-"^
perwort. Various places on St. S.Apnl and May.Vincent's rocks J
Lepidium. ruderale. Narrow-leav'd~|
pepperwort, or diltander. At )>June and July.
the foot of St. Vincent's rocks.. -JLichen, deuftus. Sooty lichen. Thel
further end of St. Vincent's rocks,j
Lichen, miniatus. Cloudy lichen. With s. a^ «-^g year.the above i
Lichen. poUyrrhizus. Dufky rock, or ;
iinged lichen. With the above.J
Milium, lendigerum. Panick foxtail") ^ , , .
_ grafs. Near the New Hotwell. / J"^y ^""^ ^"S*
MoNOTROPA. hipopythys. Primrofe^fcented hypopithys, yellow mo-
! t i.^
notropa, or biid's neft. In Leigh- f-^^
'
wood - J
*Ophrys. apifera. Bee ophrys. St."]
Vincent's rock, behind the New )'July and Aug.Hotwell J
*Ophrys. mufcifera. Fly ophrys. With 1 r . ^^^ p^the former ./"" '
Ophrys. ovata Common ophrys, orl ^^ ^^^ .^^^
twayblade. Leigh-wood --/Ophrys. fpiralis. Triple ophrys, or la-"]
dies traces. St. Vincent's rock, )»July and Aug.above the Hotwell-houfe J
Grnithopus. perpufillus. Bird's-foot. 1 . . . _
Brandon-hill, near Clifton. . : . . / ^^y ^° ^"S"^'
©SMUNDA. fpicant. Spleenwort, ol'mund-'^
royal. Below the Hotwell and in )-Auguft.
Leigh-wood JPiCHRlS.
•Linnxus has not mentioned either of thefe in his Syftema Naturse,feut they are both particularly defcribed in Hwd(oo*s Flora Anglicanj». 391 and ^^2.
HOTWELL GUIDE. 7I
PiCRis. echioides. Roughpicris. Belowl . , , ,
Cook's Folly. ..:... / J"^y ^^^ A"§'
*Pimpinella. dioica. Leaft pimpinell,"^
or burnet faxifrage. On St. Vin- i
cent's rock, behind the Hotwell- [May and June.
houfe JPoLYPODiuM. dryopteris. Branched \ .
polypody. In Leigh-wood, rare. /J ""^ ^° ^^P*^
Poly PODIUM, fragile. Brittle polypody. 1 , _
In Leigh-wood, with the former. / J""^ *° ^^P^-
Prenanthes. muralis. Wall lettuce,!
ivy-leav'd wild lettuce, wall pre- Muly.nanthes. Leigh-wood., J
PoTERiuM. fanguiforba. Common bur- "1 . ,
net. St. Vincent's rock ,
PoTEN^TiLLA. verna. Spring cinquefoil. T ,., ^
St. Vincent's rock.. . . :. . ) ^^^ ^"^ J""^'
lA. pereffrina. Wild madder. St. "1t j t i
\T- .> 1 J T u J r lune and ]u[y.Vincent s rock and Leigh-wood, j ^ -^ -
Rub
Salicornia. herbacea. Marfh fampire,"]
jointed glafswort, or faltwort. )-Aug. and Sept.
On the banks of the river JScABiosA. columbaria. Small fcabious. "j ^ j t 1
e^ -rr. ^, 1 > luneand ulv-St. Vincent s rock. j^ "^
SciLLA. autumnalis. Autumnal fquil, or^ftar hyacinth. Near the Lime- ^Aug. and Sept,
kiln, on Clifton-hill. JSedum. dayfyphyllum. Round leaved"]
ftone-crop. St. Vincent's rock )>-July.
and walls about Clifton JSebum, rupeftre. Rock ftonecrop. The "i . „
road to Giant's-hole J ^
Sisymbrium, murale. Wall cabbage, or "1 „ _ ,
wild rocket. Various places. .. j ^ J J'
Smyrnium. oluftratum. Alexander's."
Near Giant's-
Trifolium.
atum. Alexander's. \ ^. , _
's-holejMayand June.
This is not mentioned by Linnseus, but is by Hudfon, in his
Flora Anglica, p, 128,
72 THE BRISTOL ANDSoLiDAGO. virgaurea. Golden-rod. St. 1 . «.
Vincent's rock JAuguft.
Tr I FOLIUM, ornithopodioides. Bird's-! t j t vfoot trefoil. St.Vincent's rock. ) J""^ ^^^ J"^>'*
Trifolium. fubterraneum. Dwarf tre- 1 iiyr
foil. ' St. Vincent's rock / >"*
TuRRiTis. hirfuta. Hairy or rough tower^jmuftard. Wall behind the Hot- >Junc.wcU-houfe J
Veronica, fpicata. Spiked fpeedwell."^ ,-
' Welfh fpcedwell. In the way to Mune to Auguft.
Giant's-hole JViola hirta. Hairy violet. St.Vincent's 1
^^^^^^^ ^^ ^lock, near the Turnpike J
^
Ulva. laftuca. Lettuce laver, or oyfter 1 Sept. to Maygreen. On the banks of the river. J following.
We now take leave of Clifton, and go on with our defcrip-
tion of the feveral principal feats, villages, &c. that merit
obfervation in the environs of Briftol. Thefe we have ar-
ranged in alphabetical order, that the reader may with
greater facility find the place wanted.ABBOT'S LEIGH is about four miles weft from Briflol,
in the county of Somerfet. In this parifh is the feat of
Mrs, Gordon, a fine large old manfion, memorable for af-
fording an afylum to King Charles the Second, after his
cfcape from the unfortunate battle of Worcefter, in the year
1651 : it belonged then to a Mr. Norton. The parifli
church and village lie high, and may be feen at a great
diflance. It is very pleafant, and commands an extenfive
view of the Severn, and over the Avon into Glocefter-
fliire, 8iC.
ABSTON and WICK is in the county of Gloceftcr,
about 7| miles eaft from Briftol, and 6 from Bath. In this
parifti is a range of rocks fomewhat fimilar to thofe at the
Hotwells, but on a fmaller fcale. A litde river winds its
courfe between them, called the Boyd. Thefe rocks in
jnany places have a fparry fubftance on them, which Sir
Robert
HOTWELLGUIDE. 73
Robert Atkyns has ftiled rock diamonds ; but they are nei-
ther fo hard, nor of fo fine a luftre as the Briftol ftones.
Belamites, aftroites, and ferpentine ftones are found here,as have alfo near the feat of Haynes, Efq. feveral
Roman coins, and other antiquities ; and adjoining to theriver Boyd are the remains of an old camp. Here greatquantities of pit coal are raifed, and burnt into coke, fordrying malt, &c. and lead ore has been got, but not in
fufficient quantity to anfwer the expence of working.ALMONDSBURY is in Glocefterlhire, about 6| miles
North from Briftol, and in the road to Glocefter. Thisvillage is faid to derive its name from Alemond, a WeftSaxon Prince, the father of Egbert, the firft fole Monarchof England (who is fuppofed to be buried in the church)and from a fortification of a rampier, and a double-ditch,
at Knole, in this parifh, for fuch our anceftors called bergs,
and we by frequent ufe have foftened the word into bo-
rough or bury. This camp is fituated at the brow of a hill,
near the Severn, fo as to command an extenfive view ofthat river, and every thing paffing upon it ; but we do not
find any mention made of it in antient writers : tradition
will have it to be the work of OfFa, King of the Mercians.
In the year 1650 a coffin was dug out of a tumulus at Over,
near this parifh, which many people fuppofed to be his ;
the ftones which covered it were very ponderous ; the
bones were thofe of a man whofe height muft have ex-
ceeded the common ftature more than three feet ; the corps
was buried fitting, which was the cuftomary method of
interring Kings and Princes, as an emblem of eternity.
The church ftands nearly clofe to the bottom of the hill
;
it is a very old building, and has a fpire, but of no great
height, covered with lead. Here is a charity-fchool, with
a falary of 1 2I. 10s. a year to the mafter. On the brow of
the hill before-mentioned, furrounded by the fortifications,
ftands Knole, an antient feat belonging to the family <3f
Chefter. Upon Almondfbury-hill is a good inn; much fre-
quented on account of the pleafantnefs of the place, and,
agreeablenefs of the ride.
ASHTON, or LONG-ASHTON, in the county of So-
merfet, q miles Weft-South-Weft from Briftol^ is a moft
L delightful
y4 T H E B R I S T Q L A N I>
delightful village, fituate in a fine vale, which lies be--
tween Dundry-hill and Leigh-down. This vale is a con-
tinued gentle flope, for a confiderable way towards Dun-dry, and faces the South. The land is remarkably rich
and fertile, and is every where in the highefb culture :
here are a vaft number of neat cottages, with gardens
wherein the inhabitants raife flowers, fruits, and vegeta-
bles, early, and in the greateftperfeftion ; thefe they bring
to Briftol, the Hotwell,. &c. for fale ; but their chief de-
pendance is on the feafon for ftrawberries and rafberries;
of thefe, we believe,, there is not a place in England wherefo many are cultivated, the foil and fituation being pecu-
liarly adapted to their growth: On this account, and the-
agreeablenefs of the ride, it being an excellent road (or,
crofling the river at Rownham, a very pleafant rural walkthrough the fields) the place is much reforted to during that
feafon ; every cottage is provided with proper accommo-dations to entertain company, within doors, or in the gar-
dens ; and they have plenty of fine frefh cream unadultera-
ted, which^ together with the fruit, they fell reafonably v
fo that we may venture to fay, that an afternoon can . no-
where be fpent with higher enjoyment to thofe who are lo-
vers of that wholefbme, delicious, fruit. The village
abounds every where with good houfes ; the fituation be-
ing warm and healthy, has tempted great numbers of gen-
teel families to make this charming fpot their refidence.
Here is the feat and park of Sir John Smith, Bart. Thehoufe is of confiderable extent in front, and contains a
great number of windows ; the celebrated Inigo Jones wasthe arehiteft; The park is large, and adjoins to Leigh-
down. Upon the hill is Leigh-wood, in which is a large
Roman camp, fuppofed to be the work of the foldiers un-der Ofterius : This direftly faces a camp, on the other fide
©t the Avon, at the windmill, on Clifton-hill.
ARNO's VALE, in Somerfetfliire, about i| mile South-Eaft from Briftol, in the road to Bath. Oathe right handis an elegant houfe, built with freeftone, the feat of •
Tongue, El'q. and on the left hand fide of the road, op-pofite to it, is a caftle-like edifice, built with copper flagg,
©r fcoriae, of a black colour, the joints between which>,
" ' with
H O T W E L L GUIDE. 75
with the interlacings and battlements, being white, has apleafing efFeft. Here is erefted the old gate which for-
merly was the entrance into Briilol Caftle from the OldMarket, in which are placed, in niches, two ancient ima-ges; the one is Alle, the other Coernicus, who wereWardens of Briftol Caftle, and great warriors againft theDanes, in the days of King Eldred ; thefe images beforetheir removal hither, flood on the outfide of Lawford's-gate, which was taken down in 1767 : they are faid to beupwards of eight hundred years old.
AUST-PASSAGE, in Glocefterfhire, is in the parifh
of Auft, about 1 i miles North from Briftol. Here is efta*
blifhed a paffage-boat to crofs the Severn, which in this
place is about two miles over at high water. It was fore
•snerly called Auft Clieve, from the high cliff that reaches
upwards of a mile along the Ihore. It is now generally
called the Old Paffage, to diftinguilh it from another called
the New Paffage, about three miles lower down the river.
The paffage-houfe ftands upon an eminence ; and nearly
adjoining to it is an additional building for the accommo-dation of company, who, in fine weather, refort here, in
great numbers, to dine or drink tea, enjoy the fea air, andview the boats palling and repaffing with paffengers, &c.
From hence is a very extenfive profpeft, over the Severn,
of Monmouthfhire, Glocefterfhire, &c, and alfo of King-
road, Portlhead-point, and the Holms iflands.
Walter Mapeus relates a memorable tranfaftion at this
place : Edward the elder (fays he) lay at Auft Clieve, andLeoHn, Prince of Wales, at Betherfey (Beachly) on the
oppofite fhore ; the latter was fummonfed to come acrofs
the Severn to a conference with the King, which he rc-
fufed to obey ; upon which Edward paffed over to Leolin,
who, on feeing the King in the boat, threw his royal robes
upon the ground, which he had prepared to fit in judge-
ment with, and leaping breaft high into the water, faid,
" Moft wife King, your humility has conquered my pride,
and your wifdom triumphed over my folly ; mount upon
that neck which I have fo foolifhly exalted againft you, fo
fhall you enter into that country which your goodnefs has
idiis day made your own." Then taking him upon his
L 2 ihouJder?,
76 THE BRISTOL AND
ihoulders, he made him fit upon his robes, and joining
hands did him homage.
BADMINTON, the feat of his Grace the Duke of
Beaufort, in Glooefterfhire, is about 16 miles North Eafi
from Briflol, This magnificent manfion ftands almoft in
the centre of a large tra6l of ground, inclofed by a wall
near lo miles in circumference, within which are feveral
diftinft parks for red and fallow deer; in thefe parks are
many large beautiful plantations of firs and foreft trees.
The grand approach is through the park, from WorcefterLodge, which is a fine lofty freeftone building, with iron
gates : this ftands at the dillance of 2 miles and | fromthe houfe, by the road to Cirencefter, Here is a fine col-
leftion of paintings, done by fome of the mofl: eminent of
the old mailers ; alio feveral marble, &c. antiques. Thelibrary is very noble, and contains a vaft number of valua-
ble books. Here is likewife a beautiful cabinet, made of
lapis lazuli; and many curiofities, well worth attention.—
The parifh church adjoins the houfe, and was lately built
at the Duke's expence. It is a very handlbme ftrufture
;
the infide is light and airy ; the wood work is of Dutchoak, not painted over, but highly varnifhed with copal,
and looks veiy beautiful;
' the altar is richly decorated ;
and upon the pavement, within the rails, is the arms of
Beaufort, with fupporters, &c. done in mofaic, compofsdof lapis lazuli, and other curious forts of marble. Here is
a fine pifture, reprefenting Chrift difputing with the Doc-tors ; alfo two fuperb marble monuments, one erefted to
the memory of the late Duke, the other to his father :
thefe were made in Italy.
BATH. The city of Bath, in Somerfetfhire, 1 3 miles
S. E. from Briftol, is about a mile in length from North to
South. This city has been lo much encreafed of late years,
by new buildings, that it is divided, as it were, into twodiftinft parts, which are called the upper and lower tpwti
;
in each of thefe are public affembly-rooms ; thofe fituate in
the lower town are called the old or lower rooms, ofwhich James King, Efq. is Mafter of the Ceremonies
;
the other, fituate in the upper town, is called the new orI5pper rooms, of thefe Richard Tyfon, Efq. is Mafter of
the
H O T W E L L G U I D E. 77
the Ceremonies. Almoft all the upper, or new part of thetown confifts of houfes buiU with freeftone, in fo capita^a ftile ofarchitefture that they are not exceeded, if equalled,in any city or town in Europe. The continual incireafeof buildings is owing to the fame of the hot medicinal wa-ters, fo excellent, that none in the world can ftand incompetition with them, in relieving the gout and manyother diforders ; for this reafon, many perlons of rank andfortune, who ufually reforted hither for the benefit of thewaters, have either purchafed or built houfes for their per-petual refidence. Another great inducement, which en-tices many people to refide here, is the variety of amufe-ments which Bath affords beyond what is to be met within any other place. Here are three churches, befides theAbbey, which is a noble gothic flrufture ; alfo feveralchapels, hofpitals, public fchools, &c. The city is go-verned by a Mayor, Recorder, &c. As there is a Bath-Guide publifhed, we refer our readers to it for further par-ticulars.
BEDMINSTER, in Somerfetlhire. The parifh churchis about a mile South from Briftol. Redcliff and St. Tho-mas churches, tho' both now included in the city, are butchapels to Bedminfter. This village is of confiderable
length, very populous, and adjoins to Briftol by a conti-
nued ftreet all the way from RedcIifF-hill, The church is
but fmall ; it was anciently the Lordfliip and eftate of the
Lords of Berkley, and continued in that family during fe-
veral fuccefiions.
BLAIZE CASTLE, the feat of Denham Skeate, L.L.D.in Glocefterfhire. about 5 miles North from Briftol, is
chiefly viJited on account of the woods which are exqui-
fitely beautiful ; in them are walks that extend two or three
miles round, laid out with great tafte, and fo juftly difjjo-
fed, that the eye is all the way charmed and delighted with
the variety of objefts and grandeur of the fcene. On yourarrival at the top of the hill, you enter a lawn, in whichis erefted a pleafure-houfe, ftiled Blaize Cafhle. -Theground plan of this building is a circle, flanked on the
outfide with three round towers, equi-diftant from each
other, forming a triangle ; in one of them is a geometrical
ftair*
7$ T H E B R IS TO L AN D
ftair-cafe, by which you afcend to a large elegant room, &c.This caflle is erefted on fo great an elevation, that fromthe leads, on the top of it, we overlook all the neighbour-
ing hills, the river Severn, Kingroad, &c. and enjoy one
of the moft enchanting profpefts in the world. This edi-
fice is named Blaize Caftlefrom its being fituate on the fum-mit of Blaize-hill, where formerly flood a chapel dedica-
ted to St. Blazius, Bifhop of St. Sebafte, and patron of the
wool-combers. Here are ftrong lines of a fortification,
which are probably thofe of the old camp that gave nameto the village, hen being the Britifh word for old, and bury
a camp or fortification.
This edifice was erefted. and the pleafure-grounds laid
©ut, by Thomas Farr, Efq. about the year 1766, and in
digging the foundation for it, fome brafs coins of Vefpafian,
Antoninus, Conftantius, Tetiicus, and others of the late
Roman Emperors, were found, with a few filver ones,
chiefly of Gordianus ; but the moft curious of them all wasa large brafs medal, with a very fine head of Fauftina, andon the reverfe a female figure, holding an infant in her
hand, whence, and from the infcription, FERTILITAS,it is fuppofed to have been ftruck upon the occafion of that
Emprefs's lying in. Sir Robert Atkyns informs us, that in
the year 1707 the old foundation of the chapel was dugup, and a vault difcovered ten yards long and fix broad,
wherein were many human bodies, with the fculls entire,
and the teeth white, and that there were many coins andother Roman antiquities found. Befides this camp, there
are two others ; the one on Kingfwefton-hill, and the other
on Coomb-hill, fuppofed to be Roman.BROCKLEY COMB, in Somerfetihire, about 9 miles
W. S. W. from Brifkol, is much frequented, and admired
for the romantic beauty which Nature here difplays. Thehills on each fide of the road are cloathed with a variety of
{lately trees, that tower and overhang each other in the
moft; pleafing and pifturefque manner. As you pafs along,
you difcover, through the different breaks or openings,
rocks and precipices, whofe venerable appearance renders
tlie fcene truly fublime and delightful. Fronting the en-
tr;ance of the Comb, is the feat of -P'got, Efq. The'
.rofi4
I
HOTWELI. GUIDE. 7^
road to it is through Afhton, Bourton, and Backwell. It
is all the way fmooth, level, and exceeding pleafant.
CHEDDER-CLIFFS. See Wells.CHELWOOD, in Somerfetfhire, is about 7^ miles
S. S. E. from Briftol. We fhould not have remarked this
place, but for a very fingular occurrence which happenedin it in the year 1759. On opening a grave to inter a corpfean oak coffin was taken up, in which a perfon, who diedof the fmall-pox, had been buried thirty years ; the coffin
was fo firm as to admit its being taken out whole ; but thefexton having forced his fpade through the lid, there iffiied
from it a very noxious effluvia. The corpfe that was goingto be interred having been a perfon of fome eminence inthe parifh, the funeral proceffion was attended by a great
number of the inhabitants.; there were many amongft themwho, never having hadthe fmall-pox, were infefted by in-
haling the putrid ftench, fourteen of whom fickened im-mediately, and in three days feveral others ; but although
the^ attack was fo very violent, the pock proved of fo fa-
vourable a kind that only two perfon s died. At Hunftreet,
about a mile Eaftward from Chelwood church, •
Popham, Efq. is building a magnificent houfe, which is to
be ornamented -with carving. &c. in the higheft tafte, and
'tis faid that, when finifhed, there will not be fo capital a
man (ion within many miles.
CHEW-MAGNA, alias Bifliop's Chew, in Somerfet-
fhire, about 6 miles South from Briftol. On the rivulet.
between this place and Winford are a fnuff-mill, two gun-
powder-mills, a p^per-mill, &c.GHIPPING-SODBURY, in Glocefterfhire, is a mar-
ket town, about 1 1 miles N. E, from Briftol, in the great
road from Cirencefter, Oxford, &c. It confifts principally
of one large wide ftreet, nearly half a mile in length; in
the year 1681 King Charles the lid. granted a charter for
making the town incorporate, to be governed by a Mayor,
f.x Aldermen, and twelve Burgeffes, The market days arc
Thurfday in every week. The church is a chapel of eafe
to Old Sodbury, about two miles to the Eaft.
CLEVEDON, in Somerfetfhire, is 1 2| miles Weft from
Briftol. This village borders upon the Severn fea, fituatc
about
So T H E B R I S T O L A N B
about two miles to the left beyond Glevedon-hill, where are
the ruins of a pleafure-houfe. It is univerfally allowed,
that there is not a pleafantcr Summer's ride in England than
to this place, moft of it being upon a fine turf. The wayto it from the Hotwell is to crofs the river at Rownham,and proceed up the hill to Leigh-down. This down is fa-
mous for the many rabbit warrens thereon ; prodigious
numbers of thefe profitable animals are here taken, duringtheir feafon, and fent to Briftol and the countr)' many miles
round. Soon after you get upon the down, you leave the
Leigh road, and fhrike off to the left ; following whichcourfe about three miles, you come to Failand's-I nn ; andthree miles further on, to the right, you fee Nafh-houfe, the
feat of Walter King, Efq, Faffing onward a mile and a
half more, is Cuthberry-camp, anciently one of the RomanRations for obfervation, when that people were in poffeffion
of this ifland. This camp was admirably fituated for the
purpofe, as, being upon fuch an eminence, it commandeda view of the channel, the adjacent coafts, and country
bordering, for feveral leagues : the double entrenchments
that furrounded it yet remain, almoft entire, which fhews
it to have been ftrongly fortified, according to the methodpraftifed in thofe days. ' From hence it is about two miles
to the ruins of the pleafure-houfe, on Clevedon-hill ', all
the way lies on the fummit of a ridge of hills, from whenceyou enjoy a profpeft iminenfely great. To the Southward,
you look over a vaft traft of flat country, called Nailfey-
Moor, where you behold thoufands of cattle feeding. Thecountry round this moor, and part of the moor itfelf, is
beautifully interfperfed with trees, villages, and farm-
houfes. On the further fide, rife Mendip-hills, by Chedder,
Brent Knowle, Quantock, &c, &c. To the North, youhave an extenfive view of the Briftol channel, and of the
Welfh mountains on the other fide. You alfo fee up to
Auft-paffage, and beyond towards Glocefler. This fcene
is highly enriched with the beauty and fertility of the coun-
try, and the many villas, &c. that intervene, over whichthe eye wanders with rapture and delight. To the South-
weft, you have a full view of the Severn fea, or Briftol
channel, with the fbips and vefiels failing, and of the two
HOTWELL GUIDE. 8l
iflands called the Steep and Flat Holms : the light-houfeon the latter is feen from hence very plain and diftinft.
Down the channel the profpeft is boundlefs, the fight
being loft in the vaft expanfe of Iky and ocean. Near this
fpot, under the hill, on the South fide, is Clevedon Court,the feat of Sir Abraham Elton, Bart. At the diftance ofabout a mile to the North-weft, is another hill, in the pa-rifh of Walton, whereon is an old ruinated building, called
Walton Caftle : what remains of it at prefent is convertedinto a farm-houfe, with ftalls for cattle, &c. Near to this,
under the hill, is the ruins of an old church;part of the
tower is yet ftanding.^Sir John Durbin has a feat in this
parifh.
COIiD-ASTON, in Glocefterfhire, is about lo miles
Eaft from Briftol, and 5 miles North from Bath. It hasits name from being in an expofed fituation, on a bleak
hill. Sir Robert Atkyns relates, that in the year 1698, as
a perfon was ploughing with oxen in this parifh, one of
them faltered in a hole, when the earth being removed, it
appeared like the tun of a chimney, through which feveral
perfons have been let down, where they found a cavity of
above half a mile in length one way, but it is not knownhow far the other ; and as the perfons walked with can-
dles, theyobferved feveral fuch tunnels afcending towards
the furface of the earth. It is not faid what depth or
figure this cavity was of; particulars which might have
given fome light as to the ufe of it. The paflage is from
North-eaft to South-weft. The holes are all carefully
ftopped, to prevent accidents.
COTHAM is about f of a mile Northward from Brif-
tol, in Glocefterfhire, near Kingfdown-hill. This place
is remarked for a very curious ftone that is dug there, the
furface of which, as taken from its natural bed, has all the
refemblance of that kind of carving which, in general,
ruftick bafements, &c. in buildings are ornamented with ;
but this far furpafles the workmanfhip of the moft (kilful
artift, and, on that account, is ufed, in many places, for
the embelliniment of pillars, gate-ways, &c. This ftone,
when cut through the middle, length-ways, is fomewhat
of an olive-brown colour, very clofe, and takes a fine po-
M liih.
82 THE BRISTOL AND
polifh. Nature has depifted upon it a variety of beauti-
ful landfcapes, elegantly difpofed : in fome parts you fee
rivers, forefts, mountains, caverns, and whatever may beimagined in a fine drawing ; in ot"her parts a more opencountry is portrayed ; and then again are rivers andbrooks, with trees feemingly growing on their banks,
buflies, fhrubs, hedges, &c. This ftone, for its fmgularbeauty, is made into chimney-pieces ; and fome of it wehave feen inlaid in pannels of cabinet-work, &c. &c. andfpecimens of it are purchafed to grace the coUeflions of the
virtuofo.
CREW's-HOLE, in Glocefterlhire, about i mile and |Eaft from Briftol, on the banks of the river Avon. Hereis a curious hydrauUc machine, invented and conftrufted
by the late ingenious Mr. Padmore, for throwing water
into a refervoir, for the ufe of the city of Briftol. Therefervoir is at a little diftance, on the top of a hill, fromite^nce, by fubterranean pipes, the water is conveyed to
tn&'xity. Here are alfo two works for fmelting copper,
&c.CROCKERN-PILL, in Somerfetlhire, 5 miles W. N.
W. from Briftol, on the fide of the Avon, is a large ham-let, chiefly inhabited by pilots, who are under the regula-
lation of the Mafter and Wardens of the Merchant Ventu-rers of Briftol, and have the charge of taking the fhips
and veflels up and down the river, to and from Kingroad.
Here is a houfe, dependant on the Cuftom-houfe at Briftol,
from which all fhips or velfels outward-bound muft. receive
their laft clearance before failing.
DIRHAM, in Glocefterfhire, about lo miles Eaft fromBriftol, fo called from Dnjr, Britifh word for water, andham^ a town. In this place rife feveral fprings, which,uniting, help to form the little river Boyd. Here are re-
mains of anticnt militaiy works, and it is faid, that here
CEAULIN, King of the Weft Saxons, obtained a com-plete viftory over the Britons, and flew COMMEAILE,CONDIDAN, and FARIEMEOIL, three of their Princes,
which occafioned the furrender of the adjacent counties,
with the cities of Bath, Gloceftcr, and Cirencefter. Ad-joining to the church is the feat of — Blathwaite,
Efq,
HOTWELL GUIDE. 83
Bfq. built in the year 1698, from a defign of Mr.Falmen.There is a plan and elevation of this houfe in Campbell'sViTRuvius Britanicus. The principal ftory is large
and convenient, with a variety of good apartments ; the
garden front extends 130 feet ; the firft ftory is entirely
rufticated, from the quoins to the cornice ; the fecondftory the windows are dreft with alternate pediments, overwhich are attic windows ; and the front finifhes with ahandfome cornice and balluftrade, adorned with trophies
and vafes. There is a park adjoining to the gardens : butthe curious water-works, which were made at a great ex-
pence, are much neglefted, and going to decay.
DODINGTON, in Glocefterfhire, about 12 j- miles
North Eaft from Briftol. Sir William Codrington has a
feat here. The houfe is not in the modern tafte, but large
and handfome. There are two very beautiful pieces of
water, one above the other, in front ; with the fineft
lawn about it that can be conceived, interfperfed with ve-
nerable oaks, and other foreft trees, riling to the view fromthe houfe in a moft exquifite landfcape. The fpring whichfupplies thefe pieces of water rifes juft above, and is the
head of the river Froom, which runs to Briftol, and there
forms the Quay, where the greater number of fhipping,
&c. lie.
DUNDRY, in Somerfetfhire, about 4y miles South
Weft from Briftol, is remarkable for the iheight of its
lituation, on the top of a ridge of hills, from whencethe tower of the church is feen at a very great diftance
everyway round ; of courfe the profpeft from hence mull
be very extenfive. About a quarter of a mile from the
church are the old freeftone-quarries from whence was
dug the ftone with which St. Mary-Redclift, and moft of
the churches, &c. in Briftol, were built ; they are fubter-
ranean, but may be eafily walked into, tho' they cannot be
viewed without a torch or candle, which the guide whofhews them generally takes with him.
FRENCHAY, in Glocefterfhire, about 4 miles N. E.
from Briftol, is a very refpeftable village, and contains a
great number of houfes, which ftand on the fide of a com-
mon or down, fronting the South. Mgft of thefe hpufes
M 2 are
8^ THE BRISTOL AND
are built with freeftone, in a very elegant ftile. Here is
a Prefbyterian meeting-houfe, which has a tower and a
bell in'it ; we believe, the only one in England, fo fur-
nilhed, belonging to that community. Here is alfo a meet-
ing-houfe of the people called Quakers. And on the en-
trance to the Common is a Coffee-houfe, from whencethere is a regular ftage-coach, to and from Briftol, twice in
every week. At the Eaft -end of the common, oppolite
the feat of Jofeph Beck, Efq. is a remarkable lufus natu-
rae, which was taken out of a ftone-quarry at Down end,
and placed here by Mr. Beck : its form is an entire perfeft
Xnuicle, conlifting of the upper and under fhell, which are
clofed together, and is n';arly two tons weight.
HENBURY, in Glocefterfliire, 4f miles N. W. from
Briftol, is a very pleafant and healthy village. It abounds
with good houfes, and is the refidence of many opulent fa-
milies. In the parifh is a free-fchool, erefted by Mr. An-thony Edwards, in the year 1623; he endowed it with
80I. a year, of which the mafter was to have 30I. and the
ufher 20I. with a houfe for each ; the remainder of the
foundation to be employed in maintaining blue-coat boys
at the fchool. To this charity Mr. Chriftopher Cole made
a confiderable addition. Robert Sandford, Efq. in the
year 1759, S^^^ 1500I. to eftablifh a fchool, to teach poor
children to read and write. The falaries of the above
fchool are now encreafed, the mafler having 50I. a year,
and the ufher 30I. The church is kept very neat, and in
it are feveral handfome monuments of the Southwell (Lord
de Clifford's) family, and others ; but contains nothing
farther, worth a ftranger's obfervation,
HUNSTREET. See Chelwood.
KEYNSHAM, a market town, in Somerfetfhire, 5miles E. S. E. from Briftol, in the road to Bath. This
place was formerly famous for its Abbey, founded by Wil-liam, Earl of Glocefter, about the year 1
1 70, and granted
by Edward the Vlth to Thomas Bridges, Efq, in the year
^553 *' ^^^o for having been the manfion or capital feat of
the Cangi. It confifts chiefly of one ftreeii, which is morethan half a mile in length ; the hpuies, in general, have
^ mean appearance. The market is on Thurfday, and but
indifferent,
H O TWE L L G U I D B. 85
indifFerent, being fo near Briftol. Here are two fairs an-
nually, on the 24th of March and the 15th of Auguft. Theriver Chew runs on the Eaftfide of the town, acrofs whichis a bridge, and over it is the road to Bath. A little belowthe bridge arc copper-mills worked by the ftream, whichfoon after empties itfelf into the Avon, near which are
locks that render this laft river navigable upwards towards
Bath. The country round Keynfham is noted for the cul-
tivation of a vegetable called Woad, made ufe of for dying
blue : the inhabitants here, after grinding it with a horfe-
mill, form it into balls, and being dried, it is fent to mofl;
parts of England. This neighbourhood is likewife re-
markable for a peculiar kind of foffil, called fnake ftones ;
they are found of different fizes, fome very fmail, others
nearly three feet round ; they lie in the earth at different
depths, are flat, and have each of them the form of a
ferpent raifed on their furface, which appears as if coiled
or rolled up, fo clofe that none of the ftonc is feen bfe-
twixt, the tail being in the centre, and the largeft part out-
ward ; they are all of the fame figure, without a head,
and marked with crofs lines, or ribs, like the body of a
fnake with the fkin taken ofF ; credulous people formerly
oelieved that they were once real ferpents, and changed
into ftones by one Keina, a devout British virgin, from
whom they likewife denominated the town. In the fame
places from whence thefe ftones are dug are found oyfter-
ihells, and feveral other fhells of fea fifh ; therefore, as
none of thefe, tho' very intire and perfeft, were ever
found with a head, it plainly fhews, that they alfo are the
petrified fhells of fome fifh, tho' it be not; knowti of whatfpecies. They are a very fmgular curiofity, and' thfe'firieft
iortof them eagerly fought after to place in the coUeftion
of the virtu ofo.
KENN-MOOR, in Somerfetfhire, about loiriiles Weftfrom Briftol, lies in the parifh of Kenn. Here is a deeoy-
pond, for taking wild ducks, teal, &c.
KINGSDOWN, in Somerfetftiire, about 7 miles S.W.from Briftol, between Winford and Buteomb. Here are
pits from whence is dug the red colour ufed by farmers for
marking their ftieep, called by them fheep's-redding. It
is
86 T H E B R I S T O L AN D
I
is fcnt from hence to every part of England. There are
alfo large quantities of it prepared and ufed as a colour for
a'nting, and is by paint rs called Spanifh brown. It is
ikew fe ufed for making fiftitious Armenian bole, being
fo. ni to have the fa-'ne aftringent quality.
KINr,SWESTON, the feat of Lord De Clifford, in
Glocefterfhire, about 4. miles N. W. from Briftol, is a
verv ca^jital houk. It was built from a defign of Sir JohnVanbrugh, the architeft that erefted Blenheim, and is
fomewhat m the fame ftile of building. This architeft wasfo remarkable for a certain maffive heavinefs that in ge-
neral prevailed through all his ftruftures, that it occafioned
him this epitaph :" '
Lie heavy on him, Earth ! for he -^^
Laid many a heavy load on thee.
Though this edifice may be faid to partake fomewhat of
his general manner, yet here the fituation being open andexpofed to the Severn fea, it has a much grander efFeft,
than if it had been more light and airy. Here is a very
capital coUeftion of paintings by the moft celebrated maf-
ters, in fine prefervation, the contemplation of whichmufh give the higheft pleafure to all lovers of that polite
art. The gardens and plantations are extenfive, and the
hot-houfe is faid to be equal to any thing of the kind in
England ; it contains a prodigious number of the moft va-
luable and curious exoticks. To the Weft of Kingfwefton
is a pleafure-houfe, on a hill, called Penpold ; from this
hill, which is of very great height, there is one of the moft
extenfive and beautiful profpefts that is any where to be
feen. You look direftly down, as it were, on that vaft
fheet of water, Kingroad and the Severn fea, in which is
a fmall ifland called the Dinn)'-, that lies near midwayover. Here you have a full view of all the fhips, &c.lying at anchor, and, at a diftance, of thofe under fail.
On one fide you fee from Glamorganfhire, and on the
other fide from Somerfetfhire, almoft up to the city of Glo-
cefter ; and afar off, the fight is bounded by the Welchmountains, clofing with the horizon, Turning^ South-
ward,
HOTWELL -GtTIDE. 87
ward, you have a fine, rich, cultivated country, interfper-
fed with villas, on the Glocefterfhire fide, as far as Brif-tol. Leaving Penpold, you turn to the right, where is aroad that leads down to Shirehampton, a pleafant hamletcontaining feveral good houfes, and alfo a neat chapel.From hence the road continues down to Pill-paflage ; hereare frequent parties, in fine weather, to dme, or drinktea, at a houfe that ftands almoft clofe to the water, called
Lamplighter's-hall ; from this place is a pleafant ride, orwalk, all the way over ^ fine turf, on the banks ofthe Briftol river, to the edge of the Severn. "We nowreturn to Kingfweft:on. Upon the end of the hill, aboveLord de Clifford's, is Kingfweflon-inn, which is muchreforted to on account of its fituation. This hill reachesEaftward from thence about a mile. There is fcarcely afpot in the kingdom that affords a more pleafing and exten-
five view of land and water than is feen from this hill ; at
the Eafb end of it are the lines of an old Roman camp,terminated by a deep glen ; on the fummit of the hill,
which Hands to the Eafl, on the other fide of this glen,
is Blaize-Caftle, and to the South is Comb-hill. On the
fide of this laft projcfts a rock to which the country peo-
ple have given the name of Goram's Chair : this Coramwas a hermit, anciently of great reputed fanftity, who re-
fided in a cave fomewhere near this place, and of whommany fabulous ftories have been related by the vulgar;
they will have it that he was a wonderful great giant, andthat he lived in the time of St. Vincent, who was alfo arjo-
ther wonderful giant ; each of thefe giants, they fay, en-
deavoured to open a paflage for a river to Briftol, by cut-
ting through the rocks ; Coram would have eff^efted it
firft, had he not fpent fo much of his time every day in
fitting in this chair, to take a nap, and wafh his feet in the
brook that ran below, by which means Vincent got the
ftart of him, and completed the work.
KINGSWOOD. See St. George's.
LEIGH. See Abbot's Leigh.
NEW PASSAGE, in Glocefterfhire, is at Chifwell-
Pill, 9y miles N. b. W. from Briftol. The river Se-
vern is here three miles broad at high water. The paf-
fage-
88 THEBRISTOLAND
faffe-houfe is very commodious, and has a large room ad-
joTning to it, built purpofely for the reception of company.
The fituation is rather low, but exceeding pleafant, and
commands a fine view of Monmouthfhire, which lies op-
pofite, and alfo of Kingroad, Portfhead-point, and a con-
fiderable way down the Briftol-channel.
OLDBURY, the feat of Hayward Winftone,Efq. near
the Fifh-ponds, in Glocefterfhire, about 3^ miles N. E.
from Briftol, is deferving of remark for the elegant rural
walks that have been made here, in the manner of thofe
at Piercefield, ivhlch, from fituation, they fomewhat re-
femble, though on a much fmaller fcale, yet are they lo
judicioufly difpofed that you no where obferve a want of
extenfion, being carried through woods, and over preci-
pices, that border on the Froom, which is feen meandring
below, reflefting from its glaffy furface, the trees, rocks,
&c. that adorn its banks, and in its courfe tumbling its
waters over a weir, that extends acrofs the river from a
mill, forms a beautiful cafcade ; from different openings,the eye is gratified with pleafing views of the neighbouringfeats, the diftant countiy, &c. &c.OLD PASSAGE. See Auft PafTage.
PEN PARK, the feat of John Harmer, Efq. in Glo-
cefterfhire, 5 miles North from Briftol, near which is a
remarkable cavern, called Penpark-hole, taken notice of
by many hiftorians for its great depth. Some have faid
that it is unfathomable, and fuppofe it to have been a fwal-
let-hole, through which the waters, after the deluge, de-
fcended into the great abyfs ; of this opinion was the Rev.
Mr. Catcott, author of a Treatife on the Deluge ; the au-
thor of the Life of John Buncle, Efq. and feveral others.
Various arc the conjeftures that have been made^ relative
10 its formation ; but the mo/l rational and intelligent
agree in believing it to be nothing more than a vaft lead
mine, worked out many ages ago; indeed there are manyconcurring circumftances to be met with, that prove it to
have been fuch beyond a doubt.
This hole, of which fome account has been publifhed in
the Philofophical Tranfaftions, is fituate in the corner of
a plain field, and is encompafTed, for a fmall diftance round,
with
HOTWELL GUIDE. 89
with a hedge, to prevent cattle, &c. from falling into it
;
within this hedge there are a few bufhes growing ; there-
fore thofe whofe curiofity may tempt them to viht it, will
do well to look cautioufly about them, before they ventureto explore this dreadful gulph. About this inclofure,
which is but a few yards in circumference, a moft horridchafni prefents itfelf to the eye, of no great depth at theopening, but a little lower it extends on every fide, quite
out of fight ; if a ftone be caft into this opening, it will beheard, dafhing againft the protuberances of rock, &c. it
meets with in falling, for a confiderable time, till, at laft,
it is loft by plunging into a vaft depth of water. A me-lancholy accident which happened here on Friday the
17th of March, 1775, was the caufe of this place beingmore univerfally known than heretofore, and was the
means of feveral perfons venturing themfelves down into
it. The Rev. Mr. Newnham, one of the Minor Canonsof Briftol Cathedral, in company with another gentlemanand two ladies, went to this place, to examine the depthwith a line, and on approaching the mouth of the aperture,
for his greater fafety, laid hold of a twig that fprung fromthe root of an afh growing over the mouth of the cavern
;
but his foot unfortunately flipping, the twig broke, and hefell to the bottom, in fight of his friends, whofe diftrefs at
this dreadful event may be imagined, but not defcribed
;
and here we cannot omit a remarkable circumftance, whichis the pfalm in the morning fervice of that day, read by himat Clifton church, where he officiated, for being fo plain-
tively defcriptive of his approaching cataftrophe.* Manyperfons went down daily, for a confiderable time, in fearch
of the body, which was not found till thirty-nine days af-
ter the accident, when it was met with floating on the wa-ter. We have lately feen a very entertaining and curious
account of Penpark-hole, in M. S. accompanied with an
accurate drawing : we hope the modefty of the author maybe prevailed upon to give it to the public ; it has been feen
and approved of by many learned gentlemen, and we are
perfuaded would fully gratify any expeftations that maykave been raifed concerning it.
N PIERCEFIELD,
Pfalm Ixxxviiij v. 5. Thou haft laid me in the loweft pit : in a place
of darknefs, and in the deep.
gb THEBRISTOLANO
PIERCEFIELD, the feaf of George Smith, Efq. in
Monmouthfhire, is about 18 miles North from Briftol.
The neareft and heft way to it is to go to Auft Paflage,
and there croffing the Severn to Beachly, you have three
miles to Chepftow. To enter this town you pafs over a
long bridge, built of timber, acrofs the river Wye ; it is ofvery great height above the furface of low water, which is
neeelfary on account that the tides fometimes rife here
upwards of fixty feet ; in the middle of it is a large ftone
pierj where Glocefterfhire is divided from Monmouthfhire :
half of the bridge llanding in one county, and half in the
other, is maintained at the expence of them both. Thetown enjoys a confiderable foreign and home trade, andthere are many large veffels and other cra.ft built and re-
paired here, for which purpofe there are convenient yards
and docks. The market is weekly on Saturday, and is plenti-
fully fupplied. Here are the venerable remains of a fine
old caftle, formerly of great flrength, being erefted on the
fummit of a perpendicular, hi'gh rock, clofe to the river,
from whence, on the land fide, it is furrounded by a large
deep moat : this caftle is faid to have been built by the fa-
mous Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, fur namedStrongbow, who fubdued Ireland; he died at Dublin, anno
1176, and was buried in the chapter-houfe of Glocefter
Cathedral. From Chepflow it is about a mile and a half
to Piercefield. This place juftly claims the admiration of
all pcrfons who have feen it, for the wonderful magnifi-
cence of its furrounding ftupendous rocks, vaft woods, and
the meandring courfe of the Wye ; the great river Severn,,
and down the Briftol channel; the bridge, caftle, and town-of Chepftow, with many near and diftant beautiful views,
which continually diverfify the fcene, arreft our attention,
and delight our eyes, as we perambulate the diff^erent ma-zes, ferpentized in every direction, through deep glens,
embowered woods, and over the tops of precipices ; all fo
happily and artfully difpofed, that we find not the leaft
difficulty or fatigue from their rife or declivity. We muft:
not here omit the furprizing effeft that is produced atWind-clifF, a hill a little above the termination of thefe walks :
on the difcharge of a fowhng-piece, the explofion is re-
echoed
HOT WELL GUIDE. 5I
echoed by the furrounding rocks and woods -for an ama,zing length of time, and you are fcarcely perfuaded but theexpiring found muft have been that of fome diftant canon,fired from the fiiips in Kingroad. Thefe walks, &c. wereall laid out and made by Valentine Morris, Efq. Strangersare permitted to vifit Piercefield Thurfday in each week,but on no other day.About five miles diftant from Piercefield, is Tintern Ab-
bey, one of the fineft ruins in this kingdom. It is fituatc
in a vale furrounded by immenfe woods, rocks, andmountains, on the borders of the Wye. We believe thereIS not in the world a river whofe fituation is more romanticor from whence are feen more beautiful and grand objefts ;
on which account there are frequently parties who makeexcurfions hither from Chepftow, &c.PENPOLD. See Kingfwefton.PILL. See Crockern Pill.
REDLAND, in Glocefterfhire, j mile N. N. W. fromBriftol, is a pleafant village, and contains feveral very goodhoufes : the principal one, called Redland-Court, is thefeat of Jeremiah Baker, Efq. which is an elegant modernllrufture, built by John CofTens, Efq. from a defign ofMr. Strachan, architeft ; the gardens belonging to it are
very fine, and kept in excellent order. At a little difhance
from this, upon an eminence, ftands a beautiful chapel,
built by the fame gentleman in the year 1740, from a defign
of Mr. William Halfpenny, architeft, for the convenienceof the inhabitants, and endowed with lands worth about
130I. per year. He alfo built a houfe for the minifter at
the expence of loool. The chapel is of freeftone ; the en-
trance is at the Weft end, over which there is a pediment,
the whole extent, fupported by four Ionic pillars ; it has
one bell, which hangs under a handiome rotunda ; the floor
and the fteps to the altar are of black and white marble ;
the altar-piece is half an oftagon, wainfcotted in compart-
ments, and highly embellifhed with carvings by the inge-
nious Mr. Thomas Paty, and ornamented with a pi6bare of
the embalming of Chrift, painted by Vanderbank ; the
marble communion-table is fupported by a gilt eagle, and a
|ii(le before it, upon pedeftals, ftand two other eagles,
N ^ richly
g2 THEBRISTOLAND
richly gilt, for placing books upon *, the cieling is finifhed
in the beft tafte ; and it may be truly faid, that this chapel
is one of the moft elegant buildings of its kind in England.
On one fide of the entrance within, is the buft ot Mr.Coffens, the founder, well executed in marble, by Mr.Ryfbrack ; and on the other fide, that of Mrs. Coffens, his
wife.
We are forry to inform our readers, that on account of
fome unhappy difpute, relative to the prefentation of a
minifter to the living of Weftbury, in which parifti this
chapel is fituate, that it is at prefiint fhut up, and fervice
difcontinued therein ; thus neglefted, we fear the building
will foon fall to decay. It is greatly to be lamented that
differences of this fort ffiould have ever arifen, to fet afide
the good intentions of him whofe piety erefted it to the
honour of God and the advancement of religion ; by this
means depriving the many refidents near of a place wherein
to hear divine worfhip, and who are at too great a diftance
to go to the parifh church.
bt/ GEORGE'S, or the New Church, in Glocefterftiire,
is about 2 miles Eaft from Briftol. This church was built
in the year 1 752, and was made a new parifh by aft of Par-
liament, 24th George II. before which it was part of the
out-parifh of St. Philip and Jacob, It lies in the foreft of
Kingfwood, which is in extent about four miles from Eaft
to Weft, and three miles and a half from North to South.
From this foreft the city of Briftol, and the country
for many miles round, arc chiefly fuppjied with coals :
here are a prodigious number of pits, fome of which are
faid to be more than a hundred fathoms deep. Thefe coal
works, and others in their neighbourhood, employ fuch a
multitude of people, that, for feveral miles, their habita-
tions ftand fo clofe together as to appear like a continued
ftreet of fcattered houfes. Before the building of this
church, the people were little better than favages, info-
much that it was dangerous to go amongft them ; and their
numbers were fo great as to render them formidable evento the city of Briftol, which they more than once rofe uponand mfulted ; but fince the building of this church, andother places of worlhip, and the fchools that have been
€refted
H O T W E L L G U I D E. 93
crefted amongft them, they are become civilized ufefuL
members ot'fociety.
STANTON DREW, in Somerfetfliire, 6 miles Southfrom Briftol, and i^ mile ^\'eft from Pensford, Hereare feveral remarkable ftones, to which the common peo-
ple have given the name of The Wedding, from a tradition
prevailing amongft them, that as a couple were going to be
married, they, with the reft of the company, were changedinto thefe ftones. The general received opinion concern-
ing them is, that they are the remains of a Druidical tem-
ple ; and indeed the name of the place feems to confirm
this conjefture. As you enter the field in which they Itand,
they do not feem to have been placed in any egular order,
but on examining their fituation more minutely, you will
find that they very nearly form three diftinft circles. Theftones are large, but no way comparable with thofe at
Stonehenge, and are more rude as to their figure.
STAPLETON, in Glocefterfhire, about similes NorthXaft from Briftol, in the road to Frenchay, is a very neat
village, in which, and the neighbourhood, are feveral goodhoufes. South of the church is the feat of Ifaac Elton, Efq.
an elegant manfion, with extenfive gardens and plantations
belonging to it, from whence are many pleafing views of
Briftol and the country about.
STOKE BISHOP, in GlocefterftiJre, North Weft from
Briftol, at about 2 miles diftance, on the right hand fide
of the road going off Durdham-Down, towards Kingf-
wefton, rs a fine old manfion, the feat of Lady Lipincot.
This part of the road down the hill was made but a few
years fince, and was originally an old Roman way. Asthe labourers employed in making it were removing the
foil, to dig for ftones, they found fome very large grind-
ers, or jaw teeth, of an elephant, weighing feveral pounds
each, which were not in the leaft decayed ; alfo fome bones
belonging to that animal. To the left, at about half a mile
diftance, is a building refembling a church, or tower ; this
is called Cook's Folly; it ftands on the brow of a high
cliff, that overlooks the river quite down to Kingroad.
The common people in this neighbourhood relate, that
one Cook having dreamt that ^ viper fliould bite him andocc^fion
94 THEBRISTOLAND
occafion his death, he, to prevent it, erefted this build-
ing, and immured himfelf therein;yet, neverthelefs, his
dream came to pafs : a viper happened to be concealed
among fome faggots that were laid upon a fire, by whichCook was fitting to warm himfelf, the venorpous reptile,
on feeling the heat, fuddenly fprung forth, and bit him in
fuch manner that he died. It is now a pleafure-houfe, be-
longing to Mrs. Jackfon, who has a fine old feat feen fromhence, called Snead Park ; near to which is Say Mill Dock,"a place that was a few years fince of great importance, andmade at a very confiderable expence ; it was of fuch magni-
tude as to contain feveral large fhips, which lie afloat in its
bafon ; but as there are now other docks, in more conveni-
ent f.tuations, this has been ncglefted, and the walls, gates,
&c. with the cranes and houfes, are almoft gone to ruin.
STOKE HOUSE, in Glocefterlhire, about 4 miles
North Eaft from Briftol, the feat of the Duchefs Dowagerof Beaufort, in the parifh of Stoke Gifford. This capital
manfion was originally built by Sir Richard Berkley, in
the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It was greatly damagedduring the civil wars in the unhappy reign of Charles the
Firft. The late Lord Botetourt, about the year 1760, maybe faid to have almoft rebuilt it ; and it is now a very no-
ble manfion, and well worth a ftranger's obfervation. It
{lands on the brow of a lofty hill, that rifes abruptly from
a fine lawn ; the carriage-way winds through this lawn,
by a gentle eafy afcent, up to the houfe, where is a fine
bold terrace in the front, that commands an extenfive prof-
peft of rich and fertile country to the South and Eaft; and
to the Weft you fee great part of the city of Briftol and its
environs, and beyond that to Dundry. Here are beauti-
ful woods, thi'ough which are made walks, or rides, that
extend feveral miles ; thefe are all the way planted on each
fide with elegant fhrubs and ever greens, of various kinds,
fo that whilft the eye is dehghted with the many beauties
they dilclofe, we are inhaling a thoufand fragrant refrefli-
ing odours. The feathered fongfters alfo, as if confcious
of the fecurity they here enjoy, warble forth their grate-
ful notes in unceafing melody, and charm the ear with
th^ir harmonious ftrains. The fine clumps of trees here
HOTWELLGUIDE. '
95
and there in the park, with the elegance of the flopes, ren-der this place altogether a terreftial paradife.
STOWEY, in Somerletfhire, about 9 miles South fromBriftol, is-temarkable for a petrifying fpring that rifes inthis parifli.
TINTERN ABBEY. See Piercefield.
THORNBURY, a market town, in Glocefterlhire,about 11 miles North Eaftfrom Briftol, in the lower roadto Gloceiler, is atitular incorporated town, -and hath a cuf-
tomary Mayor and twelve Aldermen. The market is
weekly, on Saturday. It was given by William the Firft
to the famous Fitz-Hammon. The fituation of the town is
low, but healthy ; it confifts of an irregular ftreet, nearhalf a mile in length ; and though, in general, the buildings
are old, yet it contains feveral good houfes. The Churchis fpaeious, 'and built in the form of a cathedral, with ahigh and beautiful tower. Here are a free^fchool, andfour;alms-houfes. But what chiefly claims attention in
Thornbury is its caftle, which was begun, but neverfemfhcdj'by Edward Duke of Buckingham, in the 2d year
of thei reign of Henry the VHIth. This nobleman wasprevented from compleating dt by his attainder and death,
in t&ie 15th year of the faime reign. The gate-houfe andgreat p^t of the cafhle walls, with the outer wall that in-
clofed the whole, are now ftanding ; and fome of the rooms
are occupied as a farm-houfe. The defign of this building
fhews it to have been noble and magnificent, though im-
perfeftly executed. Here is a remarkable echo, which
continues to reverberate the found of the voice, very dif-
tinftly, for a confiderable length of time.
WALTON-CASTLE. See Cievedon.
WESTBURY, in Glocefterfhire is about 3 miles North
Weft from; Briftol. The road to it is over Durham-down, juft on leaving which, on the left hand, is Cote,
the feat of John Webb, Efq. member for Glocefter ; a lit-
tle further on, we come in view of Weftbury church, ftand-
ing almoft in front, under the hill, down which the road
winds into the parifh. This place is called Weftbury-upon-
Trim, from an infignificant ftream that runs through it,
improperly termed the river Trim ; it is fo fmall as fcarcely
to
THE BRISTOL AND 196
to deferve being called a brook. Here was formerly a col-
lege for a Dean and five Canons : it was originally built
by William Caning, who was made Dean thereof, and
was a very confiderable benefaftor to it, * there is but
a fmall part of it remaining at prefent, though it flood en-
tire in the former part of the reign of King Charles the
Firft : it was turreted round, and had a large embattled
tower on the South fide : Prince Rupert cauled it to be in
a great mcafure deftroyed, in the time of the civil wars,
to prevent its being garrifoned by the Parliament's forces
to annoy the city of Briftol; that part of it which remains
is incorporate with the buildings erefted fince that time,
and together conilitute the feat of the late John Hobhoufe,
Efq.WICK. See Abfton and Wick.WRINGTON, in Somerfetlhire, about i o miles S. W.
from Briftol, had, till lately, a.weekly market on Tuef-
day. Near this place is dug and prepared lapis calaminaris,
ufed for converting copper into brafs ; it alfo produces
Zinc( afemi metal, in this part of the kingdom generally
called Spelter ) with which, and a due mixture of cop-
per, is made pinchbeck, Prince's metal, &c. &c. In
this town was born, in the year 1632, that great philo-
fopher, Mr John Locke, author of the effay concerning
Human Underftanding, and many other excellent writings,
well known in the learned world.
CORPORATION.
Vide page 31.
HOTWELL GUIDE. 97
CORPORATION of the City' oi Briftol.
MAYOR.Right Worfhipful Levi Ames, Efqr;
' HIGH STEWARD.His Crace the Duke of Portland.
RECORDER.Richard Burke, Efqr. Alderman of Trinity Ward,
ALDERMEN.Efqr Ward of St Ezven." '
St. Stephen.
John DurbinThomas Deane, EfqThomas Harris, Efqr. . .
.
Sir John Durbin, Knt. .
William Miles, Efqr. . .
.
Henry Cruger, Efqr. . . -
Edward Brice, Efqr. ...
John Anderfon, Elqr. . - .
John Farr, Efqr
George Daubeny, Efqr. .
Alexander Edgar, Efqr. .
SHERIFFS.
James Hill, Efqr.—John Harris, Efqr.
COMMON COUNCIL.
— St. Nicholas,
— St. Michael.
— St. Mary Redcliff.— Temple.
— St. Thomas*
— Cajile PrecinSis.
— All-Saints,
— St. James,— St. Maryport.
Thomas Farr, Efqr.
John Crofts, Efqr.
Sir James Laroche, Bart.
Matthew Brickdale, Efqr.
Jeremy Baker, Efqr.
John Noble, Efqr.
James Hill, Efqr.
John Harris, Efqr.
John Fifher Weare, Efqr.
Philip Protheroe, Efqr.
Benjamin Lofcombe, Efqr.
James Morgan Efqr.
Jofeph Harford, Efqr.
Samuel Span, Efqr.
Jofeph Smith, Efqr.
Robert Coleman, Efqr.
Rowland WilHams, Efqr.
William Blake, Efqr.
John Garnett, Efqr.
Anthony Henderfon, Efqr.
William Weare, Efqr.
James Harvey, Efqr.
Richard Bright, Efqr.
Sir Stephen Nafh, Knt.
Evan Baillie, Efqr.
Thomas Daniel, Junr. Efqr.
John Morgan, Efqr.
Robert Claxton, Efqr.
TOWN
g8 ^BE BRISTOL AN Dr
TOWN CLERK and CLERK of the PEACE.,Samuel Worrall, Junr. Efqr.
STEWARD OF THE SHERIFF'S COURT,Rowles Scudamore, Efqr.
CLERK OF THE ARRAIGNS.Mr. Daniel Burgefs.
CHAMBERLAIN.Mr. Richard Hawkefwell.
SWORD BEARER.,
Mr. Freeman Smith.
CORONERS.Mr. Jofeph Safford.—Mr. Thomas Fiflier.
UNDER SHERIFF.Mr. Henry Berigough.
REGISTER OF THE COURT or CONSCIENCE.Mr. Henry Bengough.
COLLECTOR of the TOWN DUES.Mr. Charles Harford,
MASTERS OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.Rev. Charles Lee, Head Mafter.—Rev. Cook, Under
Mailer.
LIBRARIAN qftht City and Brijlol Library Society,
Rev. Thomas Johnes.
QUAY WARDEN.Mr. John Watkins.
WATER BAILIFF,.
Mr. Ifaac Matthews.
CLERK OE THE MARKETS.Mr. William Ludlow.
INSPECTOR
H O T W E L L t« U I D E. ^^
INSPECTOR OF NUISANCES.Mr. William May.
BANKING COMPANIES in
OLP BRISTOL BANK, Clare-Street.
Tyndall, Elton, Edwards, Gillam, and Edye.
CORN-STREET BANK.Vaughans, Baker, Sniith, Hole, and Davis.
EXCHANGE BANK.Worrall and Blatchly.
BRISTOL BANK, Small-Street,
Dcane, Whitehead, Harford, Son, and Aldridge.
BRISTOL BANK, No. 15, Corn-Street.
Ames, Cave, Harford, Daubeny, and Bright.
Hours of .tranfaEiing public buftnefs, from Nine o'Clock in
the morning till Two in the afternoon ; except Fridays, taken,
the doors are fhut at Twelve.
Exchange Bank open from Three till Four in the after-
noon^ except Fridays.
On the following days the Banks arc fhut at Twelve
o'clock : New Year's Day,-r-Twelfth Day, called Epi-
phany,—30th January,—Afh Wednefday,—Eafter Mon-day and Tuefday,—Holy Thurfday,—29th May,—-WhitMonday and Tuefday,—5th November,—Three following
days after Chriftmas Day.—No public bufmefs Goad Fri^
day nor Chriflmas Day,
Q E -Regulation
100 T H E i'r -~v I S T O L A N D
Regulation of Hackney Coaches in Brijlol^ and
Ten Miles round the Liberties^ as fettled by
Order of the Magifrates.
Owners of the coaches to take out an annual licence,
and each coach to have the number belonging to it affixed
in three diflFerent places, viz. on the pannel of each door,
and on the back pannel behind.
The coaches to be at their ftands (if not hired) from
Nifie o'clock in the morning till Eleven in the evening.
The driver to hold a check firing in his hand whilft
carrying a fare ; and not to fuffer any perfon to ride withhim on the box, or any other part of the coach, without
confent of the party hiring it.
The following are the Fares to be taken when hired byTime or Diftance, viz.
s. d.
For any time not exceeding ^ of an hour i oI an hour ........ i 6
.—— 20 minutes from the firfl hour o 6
For the diftance of i| mile from the Hand the "1
coach is called from .......... /For the diftance' of 2 miles 1 6
Every half mile further or lefs diftance o 6
If any difputes arife concerning the diftance, the groundto be meafured, if found to be as great as the driver charg-
ed for, the cofts of meafuring to be paid by the perfons
refufing to pay the diftance ; if lefs, the driver to pay the
cofts of meafurement.Perfons hiring the coach going through a turnpike, or
over a bridge, to pay the tolls.
Drivers (if not hired) being called, and refufing to goany diftance not exceeding 10 miles, or exafting morethan their fares, or ufing any abufive language, incur
a penalty of 20s. and the like fum for any other breachof the above regulations, on complaint made at the Coun-cil Houfe.
The
HOTWELL GUIDE. lOl
The following are the number of coaches, and placeswhere they are appointed to Hand.3 in Wine-fhreet.
2 in High-ftreet.
2 in the Old-market.
2 in St. James's-barton.
1 in Avenue-ftreet, Stake's-
Croft.
1 in King's-fquare. ^
4 in College-green.
3 on St. Augufline's-back.
on the Quay.in the Avenue leading
from Clare-ftreet , to St.
Stephen's Church.
in Pnnce's-ftreet.
onRedchffhilLin Queen-fquare.
in Old King-ilreet.
COACHES FROM
Abergavenny
.
Haverfordweft coach,
Mond. & Frid. 8 morn
Aufi P'^JfC'g^- Every morn. 8 o'clock.
Bath. ....... Every day, 7, 8, 9 and 11^morn, and half after 2 >
and 4 afternoon jEvery day 9 and 10 morn. ^and every day (except >
Sund.) 4 afternoon . . JEvery day 9 morn, and \
Brifiol.
fBufh Tavern.
Ditto.
Ditto.
White Lion.
Ta-Rummer3 afternoon J vern.
T- 1 r 1 GreyhoundEvery day 3 afternoon . . | -^..ad^mead.
Every day 3 afternoon . .
} SroaZiead.
Birmingham. . Mail coach every day 7 1 Rummer Ta-
evening. J vern.
, Every day 5 evening Bufh Tavern.
Tuefd. Thurfd. and Sat. "1
morn. 2 o'clock jHaverfordweft coach "1
White Lion.
Brecknock. .
Mond. & Fnd. 8 morn. / ^"^ tavern.
Bridp-water . . Exetercoach Mond.Wed. T ,.,, . j .
° J TT -J ^ • > White Lion,and rnd. o evemng. J,
'__— . ^Tuefd. Thurfd. "1 „ „ ™and Sal. 6 evening. .. j ^"^ Tavern,
Cardiff
102 T H E B R ISTO L AND
Cardiff ..-\ Mail coach about noon. ) ^"'"•"er Ta.'Larmartlien - J J vem.Carmarthen . . Haverfordweft coach 1 o n t-
Mond. & Frid. 8 morn. / ^"*" Tavern.
Chichejler . . , . Mail coach every morn. 1
(except Sund.) 7 o'clock.J
-Uitto,
^ro/} Hands \ Oxford Poft coach Tuefd. T
Cirencejtcr j Thurfd. & Sat. 6 morn. / ^^'^^ ^lon.
Cro/} "1 Exetercoach Mond."Wed. "1
^.CoUumpton j and Frid. 6 evening. . J
-LJitto.
-Tuefd.Thurld. &1 „ „ ^Sat. 6 evening / ^"* Tavern^
Dorchejler . Weymouth coach Mond. T ^.Wed. Frid. 5 morn. . . /
^i"°-
Exeter Mond. Wed. and Frid. "| ^,,, . _ .
6 morn | White Lion.
Tuefd. Thurfd. and Sat. 1 i, /, rr.
6 mornjBufh Tavern.
Fairford \ Oxford Poft coach Tuefd. 1 ^,„ .
Farringdon J Thurfd. & Sat. 6 morn. / ^"'^^ ^^O"'
Frenchay .... Tuefd. and Frid. 10 morn. "I Greyhoundand 5 afternoon j Broad-mead,
Froome Tuefd. & Frid. 4 afternoon. - White Lion,^beefier Every mornina; (except ")
t>i-
Sund.) 8 o'clock. ..../^^"«-
Haverfordztiefi . Mond. & Frid. 8 morn. . , Bufh TaveraLondon Mail coach every aftern. 1 „
40'clock / Rummer.
Balloon coach every af- )ternoon (except Sund.) C Bufli Tavera,half after 2 o'clock. - . . S
-—
.
r. Light coach every aftern. 1 ,j^(except Sat.) 2 o'clock. / ^^^^^^ Lion.
Ditto Mond. Wed. and"! t^.Frid. 8 evening /
^'"o-
Four horfe coach Sund.! p..
Tuef & Thurf. 8 even. /^'"°'
— Light coach in a day and ) ,
\ every morn, (except C Ditto.
Sund.) 7 o'clock. \
London.
HOTWELL GUIDE. lOg
^'"^"'^ P°^ ^«^^^ i" ^^ J^^f^CPeUcanlnnSt.every aftern. 2 o clock -
^ Thomas-ftrcct.
(i^ Families may be accommodated with a
coach on any day, to fet out at any hour,
and to travel in one or two davs, as masy
fuit their convenience. Bufh Tavern,
Corn-Jtred.
Lnridiln \ Haverfordweft, coach "I r> n t-
M^ltiHa^a. \ Mond.&Frid. 8 morn. ) ^-^ Tavern.
N..PaSa,c ..Every_da_y^7
-™;-f }whUe Lion.
Nezv Paffage > Mail coach every day "I Rummer Ta-Nezoport. - - - C about noon - -• J vern.
Neath ) d;^ The Mail and Paffengers belonging to
this coach crofs the New Paffage in boats
conflrufted for the purpofe.
Oxford Mail coach every morn. 1 j> rL -p
8 o'clock J- Poll coach Tuefd. Thurf. 1 ttti •, t •
J c ^ £• > White Lion,and Sat. o morn J
Port/mouth •*
Romjiy / Mail coach every morn,j ^^^ ^^^^^^^
oalifpury f 70 clock.. ---JSouthampton jSheptonMaUet ^ Weymouth coach Mond. "i
n"ttoSherborne J Wed. & Frid. 5 morn. /Sodbury ..-,.. Oxford Poll coach Tuefd. \ Trr. •, t •
Tn- rj J? c . c ? White Lion,IhuricU & bat. o morn. J
Swanfea. ..... Mail coach every day \ Rummer Ta-
about noon J vern»
^'^""^^'^ Exeter coach Mond.Wed "l^^^.^^ j^.^^^
and Fnd. 6 morn J• Tuefd. Thurfd. and Sat. \ „ „ ^
6morn. j Bufh Tavern.
Tetbury Oxford Mail coach every l
morn 8 o'clock /^^^'^°'
Warminjler»m..Voriimou\h Mail coach "I
every morn, 7 o'clock jUitto.
Wem
104 THE BRISTOL AND
IVdis Thurrd. 3 afternoon. : . . . White Lion.
JTe/Zmrfow .-.- Exeter coachMond.Wed. "1.
and Frid. 6 morn /^^"°-
Tuefd. Thurfd. 1 „ /i rr-
and Sat. 6 morn.. ... . . / ^"^ tavern.
Weymouth Mond. Wed. and Frid. 1
5 morn J-Uitto.
CARRIERS TO AND FROM Briflol.
Andover William Fifher, in & out 1 Bell,
Tuefd. and Sat. J Thomas-Jinet.
Bath. ....... Thomas Bafcomb, in and 1 t>. •.
. 1 ' > Ditto,out every day, J
John Parfons, in and out ") White Lion,Tuefd. Thurfd. and Sat. / Thomas-jtmt.
John Veal, in Frid. out Sat. Ditto.
Walter Wiltfhire, in and \ ,-^ ,_
out every day except < „^!,^^^^/^'
Sund........ ..S ^t' ^^t,r-pat.
Bath-Eafion. . William Fifher, in and out "1 Bell,
Wed. and Sat J St. Thomas-Jired.
Badminjler. . . Edward Alexander, day "i Greyhound,uncertain / Broad-mead.
— Edward Alexander, in and "1 George,
out Tuefd. and Frid.. . / Cajtte-Jireet.
Banzodl John Millard, days un- \^Angel,
certain / Redcliff-Jlreet.
Beaminjier . . . Robert Tytherleigh, in "l White Lion,
Tuefd. out Wed J St.Thomas-ftrect.
Beckington Robert Tadd, twice aweek "1 Bell,
days uncertain J St. Thomas-Jlreet.
Berkeley Edward Clark, in and out 1 Greyhound,every Frid - - - J Broad-mead.
Birmingham . . John Afhmore, in Wed. 1 White Lion,
out Thurfd J St.Thomas-Jlrcct.
Bridgwater . . . Benjamin Boobyer, in 1 Red Lion,
Mond. out Wed / Redcliff-Street.
Bridgwater
Bridgwater.
Broomfgrove
Bridport. . .
Bradford .
.
Cornwall all
Parts of
Calne.
Cam.
Ca/ik-Cary .
.
Chew -Magna
Chippenham .
Cirencejler, .
,
Clack, Wilts
Corjham , . .
.
HOT WELL GUIDE. I05
. . James Parfons, in Tuefd. 1 Bell,
out WedJ St.Thomas-Jireet.
William James, in Wed.") ,-^ , r
& Sat. morn, out Wed. iWarehoufe,
and Sund. evening ....) Old-market.
. . John Afhmore, in Wed. 1 White Lion,
out Thurfd J St.Thomas-Jireet.
. . Robert Tytherleigh, in 1 ^.Tuefd. out Wed J
-^^"°-
. . John Parfons, in and out"! -p.- ,
Tuefd. Thurfd. and Sat. /John Veal, in Frid. out Sat. Ditto.
"I James Parfons, in Tuefd. 1 Bell
,
J out Wed J St.Thomas-Jtreet.
William James, inWed. &^ Warehoufe,
Sat. mom. outWed. and^ Qld-market
bund, evening. . - j
- . James Lewis, in and out "ILamb,
every Frid JWeji-fireet.
William Afliley, days un-"! Greyhound,
certain. / Broad-mead.
. Edward Millward, in iTuefd. and Frid. out > Ditto.
Wed. and Sat J- .WiHiam Hicks, in Tuefd. "1 White Lion,
out Wed J St.Thomas-Jireet.
. .Thomas Vagton, day un-1 Angel,
certain J Reddiffpit.
. John Prior, in Mond. andl Greyhound,
Thurf. out Tuef. & Frid. JBroad-mead.
Thomas Poney, in Mond.^
and Thurfd. out Tuefd. i Lamb,
and Frid ) Weji-Jlreet.
. . John Paget, in and out T George,
Frid J Cajtle-Jireet.
. . Thomas Fry, in and out "1 Greyhound,
Thurfd ../ Broad-mead.
, Ifaac Fennel, in and out 1 White Lion,
Wed. «,.....-/ St.Thomas-Jtreet,
P Crewkirne
106 THE BRISTOL AND
Cnzokernc. - - - Jofeph Williams, in Wed. } White Lion,
out Thurfd ^ St.Thomas-Jlreet*
——....Robert Tytherleigh, in"[ ^.Tuefd. out Wed /
^^"°-
Croom Hall . . John Scot, days uncer- ) Greyhound,tain ^ Broad-mead.
' . . John Scot, in and out i George,Wed. and Sat J Cajlle-Jireet,
Coventry.... Thomas Bown, in Sat. 5D'ftn
out Mond )^
*
Devizes. ..... William Fiflier, in & out ) Bell,
Tuefd. and Sat. . „ . ^ St.Thomas-Jirect,
Dorchejicr,. .."WAYi-dLm. Hart, in Tuefd. 1 -..
out Wed J^ °*
Dunfler Thomas Milton, in Tuefd. "1 Red Lion,
out Frid.: J Redclif-Jtreet,
Durfley. ..... Edward Millward, in ") ^ , ,
Tuefd. and Frid. out i ^'^^J^""^'Wed. and Sat S
^'"^'^'^'^'
Exeter. ...... James Parfons, in Tuefd. 1 Bell,
outWed J St.Thcmias-Jlreet.
John Fry, in Wed. out ) Swan,Thurfd ) Mary-port-Jlreet.—
—
William Tames, in Wed. ) -r-r^ , r
and Sat. morn. outWed. iWarehoufe,
and Sund. evening. ...S^^-'^''^^^•
Fairford and 1 Simpfon, in Thurfd. > p i
Farringdon j out Frid. once every i^''eyhound,
fortnight S^'''^^-^^e^^-
i^on^Aj'/^ Wilts. William Bracker, once al White Lion,week, days uncertain. . J St.Thomas-Jlreet.
Froome Robert Todd, twice a \ Bell,
week, days uncertain. . j St.Thomas-ftreet^
Glajlonbury . . Jofeph Williams, in Wed. ") White Lion,out Thurfd J St.Thomas-Jlreet.
GiUingham. .. .Auftin Clavey, in Mond. )and Frid. out Thurfd. & > Ditto.
Sat )
Glocejltr
HOTWELL GUIDE. lO/
Gbcejler John Afhmore, in Wed.? White Lion,
out Thurfd ^ St.Thomas-Jireeto— Daniel Ballard, in Tuefd.y ^
and Thurfd. even, out > ^ /,, ,,
Wed. and Frid. morn. _ )<^4l^-p^^i'
Hazldorough. .Robert Tytherleigh, in "1 White Lion.
Tuefd. out Wed. .... j St.Thomas-Jireet.
Ditto.
Ditto.
George,
Hindon. ..... William Bracher, once a "1
week, day uncertain. . . JHenjiridge. . . . William Hicks, in Tuefd. \
outWed JHereford .... Daniel Ballard, in Tuefd.")
and Thurfd. out Wed. > CaflLe-Rreetand Frid J
^^^''^ J^"^^^'
Kingfwood. . . .Thomas Rugg, in and out "I
Tuefd. and Frid J^1"°'
Langford, "I William Scull, in and out "1 Queen's Head,Somerfet. J Wed. and Sat J Reddiff-StreeL— John Crofs, in and out \ Red Lion,
Wed. and Sat.... J Reddiff- Street
.
Langford, "1 John Hewin, in and out
\
y..
Devon. J every Thurfd ---/ *
Laycock .... John Baker, days uncer- 1 Horfe-fhoe andtain J Talbot, Wejl-ftu
—' ' • Ifaac Fennel, in and out "1 White LionWed., J St.Thomas-Jlreet.
Lineham, Wilts Thomas Fry, in and out "1 Greyhound- Thurfd - - J Broad-inead,
London.. -William James, Flying^
Waggons, outWed. andj
Sat, noon, in Wed. and !
Sat. morn.—SlowWag-(
gons, in and out every|
day J' Walter Wiltfhire, Flymg
Waggons, out Wed. &Sat. noon,—Slow Wag-gons out Mond. Tuefd. yThurfd. aiid Frid. noon.
in Sat. Mond. Tuefd.
Wed. morning. . - - . . .^
P 2"
LdceJlerJJii)
Warehoufe,Old-market.
Warehoufe,
Peter-Jireet.
lo8 THE BRISTOL AND,
Leicejierfldre, -v
and I Thomas Bown, in Sat. out } George,
Lincoln/hire, C Mond ^ Caftle-Jirat.
all parts of J
Marlborough. . James Porter, in Tuefd."^ Lambout Wed. and other > Wejl-drekdays uncertain, .- .J
-^ -"
Martock Jofeph Williams, in Wed. "1 White Lion.
out Thurfd JSt.rhomas-fireet.
. Robert Tytherleigh, in \ DittoTuefd. out Wed J
Mdkjham William Fifher, in and out\
Bell,
Wed. and Sat JSt.Thomas-Jtrcd,
Netvbury. James Porter, in Tuef. out~j,
Wed. and other days un- \ rrr a a \certain '....j'^ Weji-Jlreet.
Netulejf Glo- T Edward Millward, in ~]
cefterfliire,/ Tuefd. and Frid. out > Greyhound
Wed. and Sat JBroad-mead.
North Nibley. .Thomas Rugg, in and out"! George,Tuefd. and Frid. J Cajlle-peet.
Northampton-'^
(hire & Not- ' ^^ „ • <- ht i -i^-
^.\,^?.^^/7.,- >i.Bown, in bat. out Mond. Ditto.tmgnamjhire f
'
all parts of.j
Oxford, all 1 j^pj^g^^ Brown, in Wed. T Lamb,
Count J0"t Thurfd. ,) W,ft-ftreet.
Paulton, \ James Gregory, in and out "I White Lion.
Somerfet. J Mond. and Frid J St.Thomas-Jtreet.
Pensford .... Mofes Carpenter, in and 1
out Tuefd. and Wed.-/ ^^"o-
Pzdzwzd ^ . . . Ifaac Fennel, in and out\ ^.Wed. /
°^"°-
Plymouth James Parfons, in Tuefd. \ Bell,
out Wed.. J St.Thomas-Jtreet,
. John Fiy, in Wed. outi Swan,Thurfd. ..J Maryport-Jireet.
William James, in Wed, \ -^j^ , , r
and Sat. morn, outWed. C ^, , , ^'
1 c J \ (JLd-market.and bund, even )
Radjlock
HOTWELL GUIDE. lOg
Radjlocli John Cottle, days uncer- 1 Saracen's Head,tain »J Tempk-gate.
Road Robert Tadd, twice a week 1 Bdl,days uncertain J Thomas-Jlreet,
Rutland Thomas Bown, in Sat. "I George,out Mond J Caftk-Jtreet.
Sherborne .... WilHam Hart, in Tuefd. 1 Bell,
outWed.. J St.Thomas-ftrcet,Shajtjbury &\ Auftin Clavey, in Mond.i ,,,, . ^ .
Stoke-lane J and Frid. out Tuefd. & ]^J?l'^^ T'ggj^ j
oi, J h&mas-jtreet.
Sherjione .... Edward Alexander, in and I George,
out Tuefd. and Frid. . . / Caftlejtreet.
Shepton-Mallet Jacob Collins, in Frid. out 1 White Lion,
Sat — . ,. J St. Thomas-ftreet.
Sodbury Jofiah Fliggs, in and outl George,
Wed. and Sat / Cafik-ftreet.
Somerton and } Jofeph Williams, in "1 White Lion,
South-Petherton) Wed. out Thnr^^-. . j St.Thomas-ftreet,
Robert Tytherleigh, in \ ^.Tuefd. out Wed /
^^"°-
Stalbridge 8c "1 William Hicks, in Tuefd. "1 p..
Sturmhifter J out Wed.. ..J^MififOT, Wilts. .Thomas Fry, in and out! Greyhound,
Thurfd JBroad-mead.
Taunton Thomas Webber,in Tuefd. 1 Red Lion,out Wed. .......... J Redclif-ftreet.
James Parfons, in Tuefd. 1 Bell,
out Wed . . J Thomas-ftreet.
William Tames, in Wed.'l -,,r , rJ c <- 4.^x7 J \ Warehoule,
and Sat. morn, out Wed > ^^^ ^^^^^^^;and bund, even
J
Tetbury William Froft, in Wed.1 White Horfe
out Thurfd J Horfe Fair.
, James Hill, in Tuefd. out \ Greyhound,
Wed. J Broad-mead.
Jh^rnbury James Taylor, in and outlDitto.
Tuefd. and Frid. J
Tijbury
no THEBRISTOLAND
Tijbury Wiillam Bracker inand-|^j^j^^ Lion,
out every week, Day > jhomas-fimt.uncertain J
Tewkjbury • John Afhmore, in Wed. TDitto,
out Thurfd J
Tiverton John Fry, in Wed. out 'I Swan,
Thurfd.- J Maryport-Jtreet.
Trowbridge . . Robert Tadd, twice a T Bell,
week, days uncertain. . / Thomas-ftreet,
7——/ John Parfons, in and out"! White Lion,
Tuefd. Thurid. and Sat. J Thomas-ftreet.
John Veal, in Frid. out^ j..
Sat JWinchcomL .. .William Hemmings, days'! Angel,
uncertain J RedcUff Pit.
WickwarJ'Vot-\Thom.3iS Rugg, in and "I George,
ton-under-edge J out, Tuef. and Frid. . J Cajlle-ftreet.
John Rugg, days uncer-^ Greyhound,tain ] Broad-mead.
Wivelfcomb John Rugg, in and out 1 Red Lion,
every Thurfd s . .J Reddiff-ftreet.
Wells Mark Spicer, i'n Mond."^ White Lion
and m'^"^'"""^ '^"'^'^"
f"'^^''^^'-Mt'
-^'outSat?"!?:'" ^''^']
I>i"o.
Wellington. . ..]6hn Hewin, in and outl Red Lion,
every Thurfd J Reddiff-ftreet.
?f^fer)',Wilts,Samuel Houfe, in and out 1 White Lion,Tuefd. and Frid . ... J Thomas-ftreet.
Worcefter John Afhmore, in Wed, 1 -..
out Thurfd,— j^°'
Daniel Ballard, in Tuefd,"^ Cenrap
andM-'^'^'.^'.^'j^^^/^">^^-
Wotton-BaJJet Thomas Fry, in and out^l Greyhound,
Thurfd —J
Broad^mead.Wootton- Y John Bennet, in Tuefd. •j
under-edge J and Frid, out Wed. C Ditto.
and Sat, )
Wrington
HOTWELL GUIDE. HI
IVrington-.. ..Robert Newton, in andout Mond. Wed. andSat
Weymouth .William Hart, in Tuefd."^ Bell,
out Wed,. ^ J Thomas-ftreef.
Wartvick/hire'X ThovmiS Bowen, in Sat, T^ George,
all parts of J out MondJ Caftle-ftreet.
Yeovil. .....— John King, in Tuefd. out \ Red Lion,
WedJ Reddif-ftreet.
York/hire.. 1 Thomas Bown, in Sat, i George,
all parts of j out Mond,J Caftle-ftreet.
Trading and Coajling VESSELS, ^c. to and
from BRISTOL.
IRISH TRADERS. Conftant.
Cork, Concord, Horv. Juno, White, Mary Yatch,
Maybury. Two Friends, Donegan^ Cranes
y
No. 1 & 2, Quay.
Elizabeth, Wareham. Hero Packet, Hawks,Paffengers from PiU conftantly.
Dublin, Briftol, Jones. Draper, Tripe. Duke of
York, Thomas. Warren, Hodgfon,—Draw-Bridge, Quay.
Waterford, Trimmer, Lewis. Friends, Redman. — Dial-
Slip, Quay.
CONSTANT COASTERS.Aberthaw, Barry-Caftle,^z/y.
—
Three Cups, Back.^
Barnfiable, Addve, Leworthy . Barn/iable Slip. Diligence,
Tucker. Drawbridge. Difpatch, Brooks.
Lively, Blake. Champion of Wales, and
Cornifli Mount, on the Quay.
Biddeford, Difpatch, Watkins. Anne, White. Polly, Heay,
Champion of Wales, and Cornifh Mount, on
the Quay.
Bofcaflk, Elizabeth, Bond. Barnfiable Slip.
Bude, Fortune, Moyfe. Barnfiable Slip.
Cardigan,
112 THE B R I S TO L AND
Cardigan, Hopewell, Rees. Speedwell, Davis. ThreeBrothers, Richards. Cranes, No. i & 2,
Quay.
Cardiff, Venus, Ford. Market Houfcs, Back.
CaermarthenfiaermsLrthen Packet, .Philips. Conftant Trad-er, Shepherd. Market Houfes, Back.
I
Hazard, Allen. Rodney, Davis. Speed-well, Thomas. Three Cups and Crofs Keys,
on the Back.
Coomk, Swallow, Harding. Dial Slip, Quay.
Dartmouth Betfy, Arno. Two Brothers, Chi/well. Dial-
& Exeter, Slip and Cornijh Mount, Quay.
Falmouth Sc Catherine, Hall. Drawbridge. Induftry,
Truro, Quick. Cornijh Mount. Speedwell, Dennis,
Succefs, Saunders. Roje and Crown, on the
Quay.
Fowey, Fowey, Matthews. Rofe and Crown, on the
Quay.
Greenock, Polly, M'lver. Drawbridge, Cornijh Mount,or RoJe and Crown, Quay.
Hartland, Recovery, Saunders. Barnjlable Slip, Quay,HaverfordweJlB>etfy, Crunn. Market Houfes.
& Milford, Milford, Francis, Prince oj Wales, Back.
Lancajler, Hannah, Mofs. Nancy, Jenkins. Gen. Blake-
ny, Quay.
Liverpool, Briftol, Prufl. Cranes, No. i & 2. Liver-
pool, Joje. Mayflower, Heale. Duke ofCornwall.
London, Chard, Honeywell. Cranes, No. 3 & 4. Daniel,
Powell. John and Elizabeth, Kneal. Af-
Jembly Coffee-Houfe. Mervin, German. Par-
tridge, Farquharfon. Pollard, Burrowdale.
.The Shakejpear, Quay.Minehead, Unity, Atwell. Swanjea Slip.
Neath, Neath Trader, Welch. Swanjea Slip,
Newton, Speedy, Lewis. Cardiff Ladder.Pad/low, John and Mary, Vivian. Dial Slip, Qmy.
Patfey, Peters. Cornijh Mount.Pembroke, Syren, Pillman, Barnjlable Slip.
Penzance,^Betfy, Fofier, Liberty, Barnwell. Star-Caftle,
& SdUy,^
Scilly^
HOTWELL GUIDE. II3
Scilly, Gibjon^ Barnjiabk Slip and Cornijh Mountyon the Quay.
Plymouth, Briftol Merchant, Cooper. Cranes, No. i& 2,
Plymouth, Wallace. Duke of CornwaR, «—Unity, Smith. Gen. Blakeiiey, Quay,
Porlock, Two Sifters, Perkins. Broad Slip.
Portfmouth, Cam's Dehght, Morris. Cranes, No. 1 & 2;
Southampton, EHzabeth, Mafey. Gen. Blakeney, Quay.Swanjea^ Nancy, Nichols. Phoenix, Diamond. Swan-
fea Trader, Thomas. Three Brothers, Ni-chols. Swanjea Slip, or Crtjs Keys, Back.
St. Ives & Briftol Trader, Rowe. Friendftiip, Mitchell,
Hyle, Cranes, No. 1 & 2. John and Betty, Cun~
dy. Nancy, Hambly. Sarah, Greenfall.
Thomas, Rogers. Champion of Walesy andCornijh Mount, Quay.
Stroud, Stroud Galley, Lodge. Dial Slip, QuaylTenby. Blefling, Wickland. Tenby Ladder. Hope,
Thomas. Prince of Wales. Tenby Packet,
Griffiths. Thomas, M'Donald. Three Cups,
on the Back.
Watchet, Endeavour, Wheddon. Friends Increafe, Jfen-
kins. Market Houfes. Sociable Friends,
Holt. Profper, jfenkins. Three Cups, Back,
SEVERN TROWS. Every Spring.
Berkeley, William and Sufannah, Dowel. Bell, on th«
Back,
Bezodly, N Hopewell, Steward. Succefs, Steward. AboveBrofely and C the Drawbridge. Aaron, Edwards. Mul-
Stourport, 3 berry Tree. Jofeph, Mallard. Induftry,
Taylor. William, Taylor. Ship and BuU,
Quay.Bridgnorth, Britannia, Southall, Neptune, Beard, Ship,
Chrijlmas-Jireet.
Frampton, Friendfhip, Hopkins. Head of the Quay.
Glocejler, Betty, Wakefield. John, Wakefield. GoodFriends, Jones* Jane, Jonesi Head of the
Quay,
Q Newnhmrij
11^ THEBRISTOLAND
Netonham, Friendfhip, Adams. Head of the ^woy.
Shrewjbury, Betty-j Burk, George, Rogers. Head of the
Quay.
Jetokjbury, Edward, Jones. Hopewell, Jones. War-wick, Hopkins. Head of the Quay.
Upton, Charlotte, Rickets. Kitty, Rickets. Michael,
Oakley. Above the Drawbridge.
Molly, Pomphrey. Head of the Quay.
Worcejier, Sifters, Pearce. Endeavour, Powell. Molly,
Pugh. Thomas, Pugk. Head of the Quay,
Worcejter &1 Ark, Gower. Boulton^ Gower. Neptune,
Stourport, j Beard. Profper, Radford. Succefs, Radford.
John, Radford. Dolphin, Oakley, Qlive,
Oakley. Swallow, Oakley, Endeavour,
Gardner. Head of the Quay
Abby Tintern,The Abby, Pritchard. Antelope, Morris.
& Brockioar, George and Elizabeth, Gething. Market-
Houfes - Hopewell, Pritchard. On the
Back.
Hereford, The Hereford, Syner. John and Elizabeth,
Syner, The Bell, or Coach and Horfes.
Landogar, Induftry, Madley. Five Brothers, Hughes.
Thomas and Elizabeth, Williams. The Bell,
or Coach and Horfes.
Monmouth, The Monmouth, Dibdin. Endeavour, Brown.The Bell, or Coaeh and Horfes.
Rofs&Wilton, Wilton, Lewis. The Bell, or Coach (3 Horfes.
MARKET BOATS, every Tuesday;
Caerleon, The Caerleon, Greenough. Bridgwater Slip.
Chepjiow, The Chepftow, Francis: Three Cups, or
Prince of Wales, Back.
Newport, Moderator, Jones. Tredegar, Walters. Bridg-
water Slip, Three Cups or Prince of Wales, Back.
St. Pierre, The St. Pierre, Watkins. Back.
C^ Barges for Conveyance of Goods to and from Bath,
twice a Week conftantly. Market Houfes, on the
Back, Bath Barge and Queen's Head, Queen-Jlreet.
For
HOTWELL GUIDE. II5
For SWANSEA and MINEHEAD.The Princess Royal Yatch fails twice a Week from
Lamplighters-Hall. Cabin Paffengers 10s. 6d. others
3s. 6d. Agree at the Bujh Tavern, Com-fireet. Lug-gage Half-penny a Pound, fmall Parcels 6d. each.
HOLIDAYS obferved at the CUSTOM-HOUSE, Bristol.
January 1, 6, 18, 25, 30.February 2, 24.
March 25.
April 23, 25.
May 1, 19, 29.
June 4, 11, 24^ 29,
July 25.
Auguft 1, 12, 24.
September 21, 22, 29,
Oftober 18, 25, 26, 28.
November i, 4, 5, 30.December 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
Befides M^hich, the under-mentioned Holidays are kept
on the Days they refpeftively happen.
Afh Wednefday— Good Friday— Monday, Tuefday,and Wednefday in Eafter Week— Holy Thurfday—Monday, Tuefday, and Wednefday in WhitfunWeek.
Regulation of the POSTS at Bristol.
LONDON, &c. Mail Coach. Rummer Tavern.
Goes out—Every afternoon (except Saturday) at 4 o'clock.
Arrives—Every morning, (except Monday) about noon,
pf- This Coach takes the BATH Mail : a Poft like-
wife goes out to BATH every morning at 7, andarrives about 9 or 10 in the evening.
EXETER, &c. Poll-Office, JVeJward,
Goes out—Every morning between 9 and 10,
Arrives-—Every evening between 5 and 7.
Q2 BIRMINGHAM,
Il6 THE BRISTOL AND
BIRMINGHAM, &c. Mail Coach. Rummer Tavern,Northward.
Goes out—Every evening at 7.
Arrives—Every morning between 7 and 9.
PORTSMOUTH, CHICHESTER, SALISBURY, &c.Mail Coach. Bufh Tavern. Southward.
Goes out—Every morning at 7.
Arrives-—Every evening between g and 11.
OXFORD, CIRENCESTER, &c. Mail Coach. BulkTavern.
Goes out—Every morning at 8.
Arrives—Every evening about 6 or 7.
MILFORD HAVEN and SOUTH WALES, MailCoach, Rummer Tavern.
Goes out and Arrives every day about noon.
(Jcf'' The Mail and Paffengers belonging to this Coach,
crofs the New Pajfage in boats conftrufted for the purpofc,
and proceed through Newport, Cardiff, Neath, Swanfea,
Carmarthen, Haverfordweft, &c.
The IRISH MAIL (conveyed by this Coach) is madeup every day, except Monday, the Packet-boats crofling
from Milford Haven to Waterford; and Letters from the
adjacent parts of IRELAND may be expefted to arrive
every day, about noon, except Monday.
The Dublin Packets crofs from Holyhead.
Foreign Letters difpatched from Briftol twice a week,
or oftener.
Letters from all Parts, may be put into the Poft-Office
at any time, but fhould be delivered at leall half an hourbefore the Mail is i^ade up.
DIRECTIONS
HOTWELL GUIDE 117
DIRECTIONS for Travellers ^c. whento pafs the Severn between England andWales.
At Auft (or the Old Paffage) it is about two miles overto Beachley, in the parifh of Tidenham, Glocefterfhire.-
This is the direft way to Newent, Newnham, and all theForeft of Dean, Herefordfhire, Worcefterfhire, and theupper part of Monmouthlhire.
At the New Paffage, it is about three miles over at highwater to Port Skewith, near St. Pierre in Monmouthlhire.This is the direft way to Cardiff, Caerleon, Pontypool, andmofl part of South Wales.
As the croffing at either of the above Paffages dependson the Winds, it is neceffary to obferve, that they diftin-
guifh but two Winds for paffing, viz. Winds below, andWinds above.
Winds below, are when it blows up the river Southerly
or Wefterly. With thefe you may pafs during the ebb or
going out of the tide, whieh is fevcn hours.
Winds above, are when it blows down the river North-
erly or Eafterly : with thefe there is five hours paffing,
on the flood or coming in of the tide. When the Windis S. E. or N. W. it is direftly acrofs the river, therefore
you muft be at the Paffage where you intend to crofs, an
hour before high water, as they can only go over then,
and that but once, there being no paffage during the flood
or ebb.
By finding the Moon's age in the following table, you
may know at what hours to pafs every day in the year:
Time
ii8 THE BRISTOL AND
Time of
HOTWELL GUIDE. " llQ
NEWS-PAPERS puUiJhed in Bristol.
WEDNESDAY Evening.
The Brijlol Gazette, and Public Advertifer; printed byWilliam Pine, Wine-Street.
SATURDAYS.According to Priority of Eftablifhment.
Sarah Farley's Brijiol Journal; printed by William Routh,Bridge-Street.
Felix Farley's Brijiol Journal; printed by Rudhall and Co.Small- Street.
Bomer and Middleton's Brijiol Journal; printed by SamuelBonner, Caftle Green,
FINIS.
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