THE BRAIN

Early Studies• Dualism• The mind survives the death of the body?

• Phrenology• The bumps in your head• Personalized Phrenology• Map your head according to your interests

Studying the Brain•Accidents• Phineas Gage

Studying the Brain•Electric Stimulation of specific areas• EEG• Records the electrical activity of the brain

Studying the Brain• Scanning

CAT

PET

fMRI

MRI

PET

PET- blue dye for function activity images

MRI

MRI- uses radio waves to create detailed 3-D model

Picks up abnormalities

fMRI

fMRI- 3-D model of stimulus-specific response function

CAT

CAT- use radiation to create a 3-D model

Parts of the Brain• Hindbrain• Life Center• Medulla- heart rate, blood pressure, breathing• Pons- regulating body movement, sleep• Cerebellum- balance and coordination

• Midbrain • Awareness• Reticular Activating System- attention, sleep and arousal

Pons

Medulla

Cerebellum

RAS

Parts of the Brain• Forebrain• Personality• Thalamus- Relay station for sensory stimulation• Limbic System- Emotion• Hypothalamus- Hunger, Thirst Motivation• Amygdala-Aggression, Rage, Passion• Hippocampus- Memory Formation

• Cerebrum- Grey Matter…Full of Storage and interbrain connections, Unique• Cerebral Cortex- Crust of the Cerebrum…the wrinkles

ThalamusHypothala

mus Amygdala

Hippocampus

Cerebrum

Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex• Divided into Halves, Lobes and Association Areas• Important to remember that there are “locations” of

functions, but all are interrelated.

Cerebral Cortex• Lobes• Frontal• Organization, problem solving, motor cortex,

personality• Broca’s Area- Speech

• Parietal• Sensory perception, sensory cortex

• Temporal• Auditory understanding, balance • Wernicke’s Area- Language Comprehension

• Occipital• Visual processing

• Association Areas• Work to shape information to make it meaningful• Major force behind memory

Cerebral Cortex•Halves• Corpus Callosum- band of fibers that connects the right and left side of the brains

•Left Hemisphere• Language and logic•Controls right side of the body• Right Hemisphere•Artistic abilities, spatial intelligence•Controls left side of the body

Cerebral Cortex•Halves•Right Hemisphere•Artistic abilities, spatial intelligence•Controls left side of the body

Cerebral Cortex• Split Brain-No communication thru the

corpus callosum