the bonn challange - apafriapafri.org/activities/bhutan2013/bhutan/presentation/m7 d - restoration...
TRANSCRIPT
The Bonn
Challange
Thimphu – FAO
May, 2013
Deforestation and degradation have a
long history
Central Europe, 900-1900
Source: Oedekoven, 1980 (in Williams 2006)
Deforestation and degradation have a
long history
Forest cover in Sao Paulo State, Brazil
Mudslide - China
Crop failure - Malawi
Land degradation - Haiti
Erosion - Kenya
Source: Oedekoven, 1980 (in Williams 2006)
Aridity - Sahel
Source: Oedekoven, 1980 (in Williams 2006)
Flooding - Indonesia
Biodiversity and carbon loss - Indonesia
Intact
Fragmented
Degraded
Deforested
Deforested since 2000 (1%)
Forests in decline Current status of lands where forests can grow
28%
19% 37%
15%
Carbon
46%
is gone
Land area: 100% = 7.5 billion ha Forest biomass carbon: 100 % = 997 Gt C
Source: WRI analysis based on “World agriculture: Toward 2015/2030. Interim Report.” 2006. FAO; and United Nations Population Division Projections (online).
Global food production needs to increase 63% from 2006–2050
Kcal (trillions)
63%
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Southern Sweden: 100 years ago and today
Sweden
Source: Hanson, C. et al. 2010. Southern Forests for the
Future. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute
Southeastern United States
Pohang, Republic of Korea
Before: 1960
After: 2000
Nepal
1.5 km South of
border, Nigeria
8.5 km North of
border, Niger
Shinwanga, Tanzania- then
Shinwanga, Tanzania- now
Humbo, Tanzania
Before: 2000
After: 2007
Costa Rica
Degraded by fire,
drought, extreme
climatic events, or
pests and disease
These areas are so
far from human
habitation that
restoration is
unlikely to happen
Remote restoration Unpopulated- less likely to be restored
Wide-scale restoration Restoration to forest – only or mainly
• Less population
• Less intensive land use
• Population density is higher
• The land use is mixed
• Closed forests cannot grow
Mosaic restoration Restoration to a mix of people and trees
Protective restoration
may be an opportunity
in the agricultural
landscape.
Trees can help prevent
soil erosion, protect
waterways, absorb
storm water, increase
soil fertility, and
enhance soil moisture
capacity.
Protective restoration on croplands Croplands are not included on the restoration opportunity map
Lands of Opportunity
0
100
200
300
400
500
Africa Asia South America
Oceania North America
Europe
Total mosaic
Total widescale
Restoration opportunities by continent
(million hectares)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Temperate Subtropical Tropical
Total mosaic
Total widescale
Restoration opportunities by biome
(million hectares)
Restoration opportunities in Asia Leading countries by region
Map of degraded lands with potential for oil palm in West Kalimantan,
Indonesia
Degraded, high potential
Degraded, potential
Not degraded, not suitable
Why isn’t this happening in more
places? . . . 18 case studies
• Niger - Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
• Panama Canal Watershed • Precious Woods • Sweden - Reforestation in the
Southwest • Tanzania - Woodland
Regeneration • TIST - Small Group Tree Planting • Tree Planting Failures • United States - Reforestation in
the South • Viet Nam - Mangrove Restoration
• Brazil’s Atlantic Forest • China • China - Loess Plateau Watershed
Rehabilitation Project • Costa Rica • Ethiopia - Assisted Natural
Regeneration in the Humbo Project
• Guanacaste - Secondary Forest Regrowth
• Haiti • Kenya’s Green Belt Movement • Nepal - Community Forestry
ISSUE: Case not made
ISSUE: Policies and
conditions not supportive
ISSUE: Champions not empowered,
supporters not mobilized
What is likely economic impact of
restoring 150 million hectares of
deforested and degraded forest
landscapes worldwide?
$84 billion per year in
net benefits
• Direct additional income for forest
dependent communities
• Contribution to national and global
economies
Meeting the Bonn Challenge:
Rural Benefits
Achieving the Bonn Challenge
target would:
• Sequester 47 GtCO2e (at an
approximate rate of 1
GtCO2e per year)
• Reduce the current
“emissions reduction gap” by
between 11% to 17%.
Meeting the Bonn Challenge:
Rural Benefits
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Temperate Subtropical Tropical
Potential carbon storage by biome - high estimate (gigatons)
Theoretical potential gain in carbon stock
by biome
1. Inspire commitments to restore and raise awareness of the “what, why, where, and how”
2. Support methods and policies that close gaps in enabling conditions and capacity to advance restoration
3. Mobilize on-the-ground efforts through coalitions of restoration champions and building capacity for restoration
How?
Monitored by Global Forest Watch 2.0
Inspire
Global restoration awards
Targeted restoration outreach effort
John Liu
Global Restoration Council
Global Partnership on Forest Landscape Restoration
• ARC - Alliance of Religions and Conservation
• CARE International
• CBD - Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity
• CIFOR - Centre for International Forestry Research
• FAO - UN Food and Agriculture Organization
• FORIG - Forest Research Institute Ghana
• Global Mechanism for the UN Convention to Combat Desertification
• ICRAF - World Agroforestry Centre
• IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature
• IUFRO - International Union of Forest Research Organizations
• ITTO - International Tropical Timber Organization
• PROFOR - Program on Forests
• Tropenbos International
• UNFF - Secretariat of the United Nations Forum on Forests
• UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
• World Bank
• World Resources Institute
• Wageningen University and Research
• WWF
• China
• El Salvador
• Finland
• Ghana
• Italy
• Japan
• Kenya
• Lebanon
• the Netherlands
• South Africa
• Switzerland
• United Kingdom
• United States
Status of pledges
20 m ha Pledges announced • USA: 15 million ha
• Rwanda: 2 million ha
• Brazil Mata Atlantica Restoration Pact: 1 million ha
• El Salvador: 1 million ha
• Costa Rica: 1 million ha
30 m ha in pre-pledges
• Alianza Mesoamericana de
Pueblos y Bosques: 20 million
ha
• India: 10 million ha
Support
Propose policies Assess enabling context
and capacity
Assess opportunities Economic analysis
Case study key factor analysis
• Niger - Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration
• Panama Canal Watershed • Precious Woods • Sweden - Reforestation in the
Southwest • Tanzania - Woodland
Regeneration • TIST - Small Group Tree Planting • Tree Planting Failures • United States - Reforestation in
the South • Viet Nam - Mangrove Restoration
• Brazil’s Atlantic Forest • China • China - Loess Plateau Watershed
Rehabilitation Project • Costa Rica • Ethiopia - Assisted Natural
Regeneration in the Humbo Project
• Guanacaste - Secondary Forest Regrowth
• Haiti • Kenya’s Green Belt Movement • Nepal - Community Forestry
Further case study development…adding economics…
Key factors analysis diagnostic tools
1. Inspire 2. Support 3. Mobilize and
implement
• Clearly identifiable
benefits
• Policymaker support
• Local community and/or
land owner buy-in
• Public education and
engagement
• Trigger events
• Ecological environment
(feasibility)
• Economic environment
• Policy environment
• Social environment
• Technical
• Management
• Outreach
Mobilize
Engagement and outreach Convene champions
Support reform and advocacy
Measure progress
Brazil Opportunity area
• 25% of country
• Widescale: 57 m ha
• Mosaic: 150 m ha
Strategy
• Initial focus: Pará
State
• Partners: Imazon,
Pará State
Government,
Federal Government
Funding
• BMU
Indonesia Opportunity area
• 27% of country
• Widescale: 17 m ha
• Mosaic: 34 m ha
Strategy
• Initial focus: Jambi
Province
• Partners: ICRAF,
Jambi Province
Government,
Federal Government
Funding
• BMU
Africa’s drylands Opportunity area Africa
total
• Widescale: 115 m ha
• Mosaic: 600 m ha
Strategy
• Initial focus: Sahel,
Rwanda, Mozambique
• Partners: ICRAF, Africa
Regreening Initiatives
Funding
• Needed
Water harvesting Agroforestry Micro-dosing
+ +
Agroforestry (Niger): Grain yields increase as tree density
increases
No trees
Source: Adapted from Mahamane, L. (AFF). Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration in Niger.
Presentation to the United Nations, February 2011.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 50 100 150 200
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
/ h
a /
yr)
Tree density (trees / ha)
Benefits of agroforestry: Fodder, poles, and fuel wood
Photos: C. Reij
Photos: L. Mahamane
Photos: L. Mahamane
New vegetable garden in Batodi
Benefits of agroforestry: Improved wellbeing for women
2014
More partners welcome!