The Birth of Persuasion

Ethos, Pathos, Logos Notes

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Journal Prompt

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the rest of this power point

• What do you need to be a leader? What

characteristics?

Answer in at least 5 sentences.

What do you need to be a

leader? • In order to LEAD, you must understand

how to work with people.

• In order to LEAD, you must understand

how people think.

• In order to LEAD, you must understand

how to have your opinion heard.

• In order to LEAD, you must understand

how to convince others to act or to believe

as you want them to.

Where did the birth of

persuasion begin? • It began with The Dead Greeks.

• Greece—known for the birth of Western Civilization

• Around 2,300 years ago – Socrates taught Plato

– taught Aristotle

• Believed that argument and debate were the highest form of discussion

• Debate revealed highest ideals or truths-would happen throughout Greece.

• Ability to argue both sides of an issue was an admirable trait.

Socrates

• “Invented” intangible things—art of philosophical discussion

• Inherited money from father

• Spent life engaging young people from wealthy family in Athens in discussions

• Questioned their confidence in the truth of popular opinions – Religion, politics

• Youth—loved him; Adults—were leery of his influence

• Eventually convicted of corrupting youth and meddling with religion.

• Before being put to death for his crime; committed suicide

We know what these men looked

like because art of the time exists

today.

Plato

• Studied under Pythagoras and Socrates

• Est. own academy in Athens to pass on mathematical theories and the philosophical vision of Socrates

• Tackled questions of morality

• “Can virtue be taught?” “Is it ever justified to defy the rules of the state?”

• Discussed the virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation, different forms of government, and the idea of a perfect society

Aristotle

• Spent 20 years at Plato’s Academy

• Became a teacher after Plato’s death and opened own school in Athens

• Spent life examining topics of logic, philosophy, ethics, physics, biology, politics, and rhetoric

• Rhetoric-art of using words effectively in speaking and writing

Use of These Ideas Today • First Amendment—

Founders of US believed in

freedom of speech;

importance of discussion

• Congress—Before a bill is

passed, there must be

discussion, argument, and

debate. Senators and

Congressmen can change

their minds based on the

debates.

According to the Greeks, what

are the best ways to argue or

persuade? The 3 Modes of Persuasion

(According to Aristotle)

• ALL persuasive arguments, that are good,

include all 3 (including writing and

speaking)

• Ethos

• Pathos

• Logos

What is Ethos?

• Ethos—Ethics

• Base of English word ‘ethics’

• Principles of right and wrong

• Ethos relates to the writer who must be

trustworthy and honest. Make sure your

resources are reliable and respectable.

• Writer must be believable in order for

reader to listen to an argument.

Ethos

• When writing persuasively – Do not use overblown language or exaggeration

– Show that you have considered the other point of view (counter argument)

– Acknowledge the good arguments that support the opposing view and point out any flaws in the arguments or explain how your arguments outweigh the other side.

– This makes you more believable.

– This also give you the opportunity to point out any flaws in the arguments of the other side or to explain how your arguments outweigh those from the other side. (Rebuttal)

Ethos

Questions to think about when using

Ethos:

• Does the audience respect you?

• Does the audience believe you are of

good character?

• Does the audience believe you are

generally trustworthy?

• Does the audience believe you are an

authority on this speech topic?

Consider the ethos of each of these people.

What are some examples of Ethos?

• Thinking questions: What are some items

that would be helped by them promoting

them? What are some that would be hurt?

– Rosa Parks

– Selena

– President Obama

– Queen Latifah

– Peyton Manning

– Lionel Messi

– Marge Simpson

Notes for your

Notebook.

Choose 2 and

write your

thoughts

What is Pathos?

• Stands for ‘emotion’

• Good arguments appeal to the emotions

• Uses images and stories to pull at our emotions

• Soften and humanize facts and statistics

• A paper on Alzheimer’s disease would be more effective if you include a story about your grandfather who struggled with the disease.

Pathos

Do your words evoke feelings of … love?

… sympathy? … fear?

Do your visuals evoke feelings of

compassion? … envy?

Does your characterization of the

competition evoke feelings of hate?

contempt?

Look at the handout: let’s think….what

exactly is pathos?

What is an example of Pathos?

• As we review a sample speech that

contains pathos, write down 2 examples in

your notebook.

• Make sure you can explain why they are

examples of pathos.

Using Pathos to Build Bridges

• Use emotions to connect with readers, to

assure them that you understand their

experiences, or to “feel their pain”

• The following is an example of an

anecdote by Steve Jobs, Apple’s founder,

at a 2005 commencement ceremony. He

begins by telling the audience that he

doesn’t have a fancy speech, just three

stories from his life. Here is one…

My second story is about love and loss. I

was lucky. I found what I loved to do early

in life. Woz and I started apple in my

parents’ garage when I was twenty. We

worked hard and in ten years, Apple had

grown from just the two of us in a garage

into a $2 billion company with over 4,000

employees. We’d just released our fines

creating, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and

I’d just turned thirty, and then I got fired.

How can you get fired from a company

you started? EXAMPLE OF PATHOS SPEECH.

THINK: Why is this pathos?

Well, Apple grew, we hired someone who I

thought was very talented to run the

company with me, and for the first year or

so, things went well. But then our visions

of the future began to diverge, and

eventually we ad a falling out. When we

did, our board of directors sided with him,

and so at thirty, I was out, and very

publically out.

I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that

getting fired from Apple was the best thing

that could have ever happened to me.

EXAMPLE OF PATHOS SPEECH.

THINK: Why is this pathos?

The heaviness of being successful was

replaced by the lightness of being a beginner

again, less sure about everything. It freed

me to enter one of the most creative periods

in my life. During the next five years, I

started a company named NeXT, another

company named Pixar and fell in love with

an amazing woman who would become my

wife. Pixar went on to create the world’s first

computer-animated feature film, “Toy Story,”

and is now the most successful animation

studio in the world. EXAMPLE OF PATHOS SPEECH.

THINK: Why is this pathos?

What is Logos?

• Stands for ‘logic’

• Part of the argument based on

reason, facts, and sound

information

• Foundation of a good

argument

• Can’t have ethos without the

logos

• Keeps the pathos from being

too sentimental

Example of Logos?

• If you are trying to get your parents to let

you spend the night at a friends house,

and your parents do not know or like your

friend. What Logos could you use to

convince them to let you spend the night?

• Write your answer on your notes in 3

sentences or in a bulleted list.

Find examples of ethos, pathos, and logos

Dear Santa,

Last year you made my Christmas very happy by bringing me an adorable, fluffy white kitty. As I am sure you know, because you can see everything, I named my kitty Pancho. Pancho and I were the best of friends, especially since I don’t have too many people friends. She and I did everything together, or at least until mean old Brady Pilber from down the street ran over Pancho while speeding in his truck with monster wheels.

As I’m sure you already know, I am a good person. Dr. Berry, my physics teacher, always says, “Crystal is such a good kid. I wish there were more like her.” I also was a loving friend to Pancho. I hope that this year for Christmas you can bring me another fluffy white kitty, since I know that Pancho will never come back.

Besides wanting a new friend, I am a responsible cat owner. I walked Pancho every day and will do the same with any new kitty. I also believe in cleaning litter boxes every day and feeding cats healthy wet food from Science Diet. I will brush any new kitty’s fur every single day and keep her claws neatly trimmed. Santa, I think you can clearly see that I would be an excellent candidate for a new kitty.

Extra Notes! What are some

Important things you need to

remember about persuasion? • When persuading

– Have THREE strong reasons why to back up your point of view

– Back up the reason by including some of the following

• Facts

• Expert Opinions

• Statistics

• Examples

• Anecdotes

Get out your Graphic Organizer

Ethos Pathos Logos

Field of Dreams

The American

President

Jerry McGuire

Ethos, Logos, and Pathos in

Movies • Now we are going to watch 3 movie clips

from The American President, Jerry

MaGuire, and Field of Dreams.

• You are going to try to identify uses of

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.

• Field of Dreams *Miracle on Ice

• The American President

• Jerry McGuire

• Remember the Titans

Let’s share and Review

Ethos Pathos Logos

Field of Dreams

The American

President

Jerry McGuire

Summary: Final Thoughts

• Create your own example of:

– Ethos

– Pathos

– Logs

• Answer:

– Summarize your notes.

– Think: what did I learn about persuasion?