the biology c.e.t. paper - karnataka · biology the biology c.e.t. paper . biology ... o hybridoma...
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOLOGY
THE BIOLOGY
C.E.T. PAPER
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BIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WOULD BE FROM BOTH
FIRST AND SECOND YEAR SYLLABUS
II PU SYLLABUS = 40 questions
(about 66%)
I PU SYLLABUS = 15 questions
(about 25%)
COMBINED SYLLABUS = 5 questions
(about 9%)
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BIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WOULD BE OF
DIFFERENT LEVELS
ABOUT 18 QUESTIONS (30%)
WOULD BE EASY
ANOTHER 18 QUESTIONS (30%)
WOULD BE MIDDLE LEVEL
18 MORE QUESTIONS WOULD
BE QUITE DIFFICULT
6 QUESTONS WOULD BE OF THE
H.O.T.S. CATEGORY
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BIOLOGY
ALL CHAPTERS IN YOUR
SYLLABUS WOULD BE
PROPORTIONATELY
REPRESENTED IN THE
C.E.T. PAPER
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BIOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
TOTAL TEACHING TIME
ALLOTTED IN THE SYLLABUS =
8 HOURS
APPROXIMATE WEIGHTAGE
OF MARKS IN THE CET PAPER
= 5
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
MAJOR TOPICS
IN THIS
CHAPTER
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
GENETIC ENGIEERING
Tools used in GE
Restriction enzymes
Ligases
Plasmid vectors
Host cells
Bioreactors
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BIOLOGY
GENETIC ENGIEERING
Benefits from GE experiments
Insulin biosynthesis through GE
Transgenic plants and animals
Hazards of GE Experiments
Safeguards against misuse of
GE
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BIOLOGY
OTHER ASPECTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
o DNA fingerprinting
o Tissue culture
o Gene therapy
o Human Genome Project
o Hybridoma Technique
o Improvement of plants and animals
o Stem cells & their culturing
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BIOLOGY
What is not true about Restriction Enzymes?
1) They are available in the cytoplasm of
bacteria
2) They recognize palindromic nucleotide
sequences on DNA
3) They can cut any DNA at any place
4) They are popularly known as molecular
scissors
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Study the two statements given
here and choose the correct
option that describes them:
SEE NEXT SLIDE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
A – Restriction enzymes are regularly used for making recombinant DNA.
B – Restriction enzymes can actually insert alien DNA into the plasmid DNA to produce a combination of both samples of DNA.
1) Both statements are correct and A is the
reason for B
2) Both statements are correct and B is the
reason for A
3) A is right and B is wrong
4) A is wrong and B is right
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Given below are four sequences of
nucleotides along a strand of DNA. Which
of them could be a recognition site for a
Restriction Enzyme?
1) 5’ACCCCA 3’
2) 5’GTGGTG 3’
3) 5’CTGGTC 3’
4) 5’AGCGCT 3’
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
5’ACCCCA 3’
5’GTGGTG 3’
5’CTGGTC 3’
5’AGCGCT 3’
1
2
3
4
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BIOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
5’ACCCCA 3’ 5’TGGGGT 3’
5’GTGGTG 3’ 5’CACCAC 3’ 5’CTGGTC 3’ 5’GACCAG 3’
5’AGCGCT 3’
5’AGCGCT 3’ 1
2
3
4
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BIOLOGY
This enzyme is also known by the name
Reverse Transcriptase:
1) DNA directed RNA polymerase
2) DNA directed DNA polymerase
3) RNA directed RNA polymerase
4) RNA directed DNA polymerase
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
What is the template for the reverse
transcriptase enzyme?
1) mRNA
2) tRNA
3) Double stranded RNA
4) Double stranded DNA
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Which of the following regions of pUC18
plasmid, can be said to be a marker gene?
1) Orisite
2) Restriction site
3) Multiple cloning site
4) Amp gene
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
pUC18
2.68kbp
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BIOLOGY
Which among the various regions of the
plasmid pUC18 is the region usually
selected for inserting alien gene to
produce recombinant DNA?
1) Orisite
2) Restriction site
3) Multiple cloning site
4) Amp gene
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
In the well-known procedure adopted for
producing human insulin through genetic
engineering in E. coli, the proinsulin gene
is inserted adjacent to this region of the
plasmid vector:
1) Gene for beta-galactosidase
enzyme
2) Ampicillin resistant gene
3) Tetracycline resistant gene
4) Orisite
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
This organism was not used in the
experiments that lead to the development
of Golden Rice:
1) Escherichia coli
2) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3) Erwinia uredovora
4) Daffodil
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Golden rice is a genetically modified crop
wherein the incorporated genes are meant
for the biosynthesis of --------- in the
grains.
1) Beta carotene
2) Vitamin-B
3) Vitamin –A
4) Vitamin –C
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Which of the following enzymes is
absolutely necessary for making a cDNA
library?
1) RNA polymerase
2) Reverse Transcriptase
3) Kornberg polymerase
4) Replicase
•Which of the following enzymes is absolutely necessary for making cDNA library? RNA polymerase Reverse Transcriptase
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
This is not an example of a GMO:
1) Pomato
2) Tracy
3) Bt brinjal
4) Super cow
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
DNA fingerprinting cannot be used for
distinguishing between
1) Monozygotic twins
2) Siblings
3) Father and son
4) Mother and child
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Identify the odd name among the
following:
1) Northern blotting
2) Southern blotting
3) Eastern blotting
4) Western blotting
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
The problem of enzyme stability at high
temperature in the PCR (Polymerase
Chain Reaction) process was solved by
the discovery and use of this enzyme:
1) Kornberg polymerase
2) Taq polymerase
3) Reverse transcriptase
4) Topoisomerase
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
The following are important
stages in a typical tissue
culture experiment:
Arrange them in the correct
sequence of operations:
SEE NEXT SLIDE
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
M- Autoclaving
N- Preparation of culture medium
O- Inoculation
P - Surface sterilization of explants
Q - Hardening
R - Maintenance of culture
S - Modification of responses during
culturing.
1) NOPSQRM 2) PRSMQON
3) PNMORSQ 4) PSQSORM
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
In standard tissue culture experiment, it is
the custom to autoclave all materials used
in the experiment except this:
1) Culture vessels
2) Nutrient medium
3) Explant
4) Instruments used in the
experiment
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Why is sucrose the usual carbon source
used in tissue culture media?
1) No specific reason
2) It is the cheapest sugar
3) It is very sweet
4) It is the principal translocatory
substance in the phloem of plants
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
This enzyme is regularly used for isolating
naked protoplasts from living plant cells by
dissolving the cell wall:
1) Helicase
2) Cellulose
3) Cellulase
4) Amylase
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
This type of tissue culture is often used for
studying recessive genes in crop plants:
1) Mericulture
2) Anther culture
3) Pollen culture
4) Endosperm culture
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
This substance is often used as a fusogen
in somatic hybridization experiments:
1) Cyanogen bromide
2) Polyurethane
3) Polyehtylene Glycol
4) Polyacrylamide
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
What is the advantage in using meristems
as explants in tissue culture experiments?
1) It eliminates the necessity of using
growth regulators
2) It helps to raise virus-free plantlets
3) It quickens the process of
organogeny
4) It helps in developing haploid
plants
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
The nutrient culture medium used in tissue
culture experiments can be converted into
a solid medium by adding and dissolving
this substance in the culture medium:
1) Pectin
2) Coconut milk
3) Agar-agar
4) Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Monoclonal antibodies were first obtained
in this animal.
1) Mouse
2) Sheep
3) Fruit flies
4) Human beings
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Gene therapy for the disease SCID is
done by introducing a normal gene for this
enzyme in the lymphocytes of the patient.
1) Trypsin
2) Alpha-antitrypsin
3) Adenine deaminase
4) Phenyl alanine hydroxylase
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Haemopoietic stem cells in the bone
marrow are
1) unipotent
2) multipotent
3) totipotent
4) pluripotent
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
Which of the following is not true for stem
cells?
1) They are culturable
2) They are highly specialized
3) They are undifferentiated
4) They are capable of repeated cell
divisions
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
The two cells produced by the first division
of human zygote could be described as ---
-------- stem cells.
1) Unipotent
2) Multipotent
3) Pluripotent
4) Totipotent
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
SIR JOHN B. GURDON SHINYA YAMANAKA
Last year’s Nobel Prize winners in medicine for
“successful reprogramming of mature cells into
pluripotent stem cells (now known as IPS cells)
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BIOLOGY
Nowadays DNA fingerprint analysis is
done on the basis of STR (short tandem
repeats of about 2-6 base pairs) instead of
the conventional VNTR.
The results are obtained very quickly
and they are much more accurate and
reliable.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
The original concept of ‘junk DNA’ in our
body is no longer valid.
Today it has been discovered that several
regions of the so called junk DNA actually
contain elements that have regulatory
control over functioning of many genes.
These have been discovered and listed in
ENCODE (Encyclopaedia of DNA
Elements)
BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOLOGY
BIOINFORMATICS IS ADVANCING BY
LEAPS AND BOUNDS
TODAY INFORMATION CREATED BY
MAN CAN BE STORED EFFICIENTLY
AND SAFELY IN DNA
NICK GOLDMAN (UK) & HIS TEAM HAVE
MANAGED TO STORE 154 SONNETS
OF SHAKESPEARE AND WATSON &
CRICK’S PAPER
IN DNA !!
BIOTECHNOLOGY