the biochemical society biochemical journal january 1972 volume126, no. 1 editorial board chairman...

THE BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY

OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE, 1971-72

Chairman of the CommitteeT. W. Goodwin, F.R.S.

TreasurerD. F. Elliott

Committee SecretaryA. N. Davison

Meetings SecretaryH. M. Keir

International SecretaryA. P. Mathias

CommitteeJ. S. D. BaconR. B. BeecheyE. A. DawesR. M. C. DawsonD. T. ElmoreR. Hoffenberg*tG. D. HunterV. H. T. JamesC. F. MillsH. R. PerkinstS. V. PerryD. C. Phillips, F.R.S.

P. J. RandleD. S. RobinsontT. A. ScottR. M. S. Smellie§D. G. Walker*tA. M. White

'Ex officio Member of Committee.tRepresentative of Editorial Boardof the Biochemical Journal.tRepresentative of Editorial Boardof Clinical Science.§Symposium Organizer.

The Biochemical Society exists to advance the scienceof biochemistry through meetings and publications.Eleven meetings a year are held, each at a differentplace; original papers are presented and special topicsare discussed at symposia and colloquia.

Persons interested in biochemistry are elegible forelection as Members. Details of further facilitiesaccorded to Members, and forms of application formembership, are available from the ExecutiveSecretary, The Biochemical Society, 7 WarwickCourt, London WC1R 5DP [01-242 1076 (4 lines)].

The Biochemical Joural is published and distributedby the Biochemical Society. It is published twicemonthly, in four or more volumes per year. It isplanned that five volumes will appear in 1972. Theindex for each volume is published separately.

Subscriptions to the Biochemical Joural. For non-

members of the Biochemical Society the subscriptionto the Journal at the present rate of publication is £45per year (£9 per volume). For non-members in theU.S.A. the subscription is $112 per year (subjectto exchange variation ($22.50 per volume). All sub-scriptions are payable in advance at the time ofordering. Orders and subscriptions should be sent tothe Biochemical Society (Publications), 7 WarwickCourt, London WC1R 5DP.

aims regarding issues lost or damaged in transitshould be addressed to the Biochemical Society atthe address in the preceding paragraph. No claimscan be entertained if they are received later thanthree months after the date of posting of the Journal.

Back Numbers. Enquiries for volumes 1-9 should beaddressed to William Dawson & Sons Ltd., BackIssues Department, Cannon House, ParkFarm Road,Folkestone, Kent. Quotations for available issues ofsubsequent volumes and parts may be obtained onapplication to Walter J. Johnson Ltd., 24/28 OvalRoad, London NW1 7DX, or to The BiochemicalSociety.

Advertisements. Applications for advertising spaceshould be sent to the Advertising Department, TheBiochemical Society, 7 Warwick Court, LondonWC1R 5DP (01-242 1076 (4 lines)]. Copy is requiredeight weeks before publication date. Rate cards areavailable on request.

Microfilms. Volumes 1-89 (1906-1963) have beenrecorded on microfilm by E P Group of Companies,Microfilm Division, Bradford Road, East Ardsley,Wakefield, Yorks. Details are available from thefirm or the Biochemical Society.

The

BIOCHEMICAL

JOURNAL

January 1972 Volume 126, No. 1

EDITORIAL BOARDChairmanD. G. Walker

Deputy ChairmenD. S. RobinsonM. J. CrumptonC. A. PasternakH. B. F. Dixon

Editorial SecretaryJ. D. Killip

R. H. BurdonR. A. CoxJ. E. CremerD. C. EllwoodN. M. Green*J. J. HolbrookK. M. JonesJ. D. JudahA. E. KellieU. E. LoeningP. N. MageeR. D. MarshallP. A. MayesJ. H. Moore

C. J. 0. R. MorrisK. MurrayA. C. T. North*D. V. ParkeR. N. PerhamH. R. PerkinsG. K. RaddaR. RodnightJ. R. TataP. K. TubbsD. C. WattsF. R. WhatleyNominated by the BritishBiophysical Society

B London: The Biochemical Society

CONTENTS

Oxidation of the capsular polysaccharide ofpneumoccal type IX by periodate.By A. Das, J. D. Higginbotham & M. Heidel-berger

The regulatory proteins of the myofibril.Characterization and biological activity of thecalcium-sensitizing factor (troponin A).By M. C. Schaub, S. V. Perry & W. Hacker

PAGEShort Communications

The chromatographic separation of phospho-233 lipids on alumina with solvents containing

ammonium salts.By M. G. Luthra & A. Sheltawy

237

ThepKofthe carboxyl group at the active centreof triose phosphate isomerase.By S. G. Waley

PAGE

251

255

Index of Authors

Ballard, F. J.Bingham, R. W.Bishop, J. 0.Bridgen, J.

Cameron, E. H. D.Campbell, P. N.Crabtree, B.

Das, A.Davidson, E. A.Derge, J. G.Dickinson, F. M.

Filsell, 0. H.

Garratt, C. J.Giorgi, E. P.Grant, J. K.

Hacker, W.Harrison, D. M.

PAGE19321117121

9921149

225, 233217217133

193

123107107

Harrison, P. M.Heidelberger, M.Higginbotham, J. D.Hoy, T. G.

Jarrett, I. G.Jones, E. A.

Keiser, H.Krebs, H. A.

Lee, C. R.Luthra, M. G.

Macara, I. G.Maynard, P. V.McGilliard, A. D.Middleton, B.

Newsholme, E. A.Nieto, M.

237 Perkins, H. R.123 Perry, S. V.

PAGE151

225, 233225, 233

151

19367

16359

79251

15199

20127, 35

Pollitt, R. J.

Reynolds, P. E.

Sandson, J. I.Schaub, M. C.Schwartz, A. L.Sheltawy, A.Shirley, I. M.Shulman, H. J.Stewart, J. C.Stubbs, M.

Thomas, P.Tubbs, P. K.Tudball, N.

Veech, R. L.

49 Waley, S. G.139 Weigand, E.

Wicks, M.139237 Young, J. W.

PAGE79

139

16323789

25110716310759

18727187

59

255201123

201

iv

Papers Accepted for Publication

Comparative studies of the specificities of x-chymo-trypsin and subtilisin BPN'. Studies with flexiblesubstrates.By T. N. Pattabiraman & W. B. Lawson

Comparative studies of the specificities of a-chymo-trypsin and subtilisin BPN'. Studies with flexible andrigid substrates.By T. N. Pattabiraman & W. B. Lawson

Oestrogen and nuclear binding sites. Determinationof specific sites by [3H]oestradiol exchange.By J. Anderson, J. H. Clark & E. J. Peck, Jr.

Changes in the protein-polysaccharides of pigarticular cartilage during prenatal life, developmentand old age.By Z. gimuinek & H. Muir

Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in mouse masto-cytoma.By T. Helting, S. Ogren, U. Lindahl, H. Pertoft &T. Laurent

Can mitochondria and synaptosomes of guinea-pigbrain synthesize phospholipids ?By E. K. Miller & R. M. C. Dawson

Exchange of phospholipids between brain mem-branes in vitro.By E. K. Miller & R. M. C. Dawson

The pentose cycle and insulin release in mousepancreatic islets.By S. J. H. Ashcroft, L. C. C. Weerasinghe,J. M. Bassett & P. J. Randle

The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in animaldeoxyribonucleic acid.By N. W. Penn, R. Suwalski, C. O'Riley, K.Bojanowski & R. Yura

Stimulation of the production of unesterified fattyacids in nerve endings of guinea-pig brain in vitro bynoradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine.By C. J. Price & C. E. Rowe

,-Fructofuranosidase from roots of dandelion(Taraxacum officinale Weber).By P. P. Rutherford & A. C. Deacon

The oxidative dealkylation of insecticidal phosphoricacid triesters by mammalian liver enzymes.By C. Donninger, D. H. Hutson & B. A. Pickering

Molecular characteristics of chicken liver arginase.By E. Grazi & E. Magri

Comparison of the multiple deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase forms ofwhole rat liver and a minimal-deviation rat hepatomacell line.By C. J. Chesterton, S. M. Humphrey & P. H. W.Butterworth

Effects of tetrodotoxin and anaesthetics on brainmetabolism and transport during anoxia.By R. Shankar & J. H. Quastel

The effect ofthe coupled oxidation ofsubstrate on thepermeability of blowfly flight-muscle mitochondriato potassium and other cations.By R. Hansford & A. L. Lebninger

The effect of cytochrome c and 'dimer' on electrontransfer and energy transformation.By T. Shur-Perek & Y. Avi-Dor

Tiglicaciduria in propionicacidaemia.By W. L. Nyhan, T. Ando, K. Rasmussen, W.Wadlington, A. W. Kilroy, D. Cottom & D. Hull

Distribution of free and antibody-bound peptidehormones in two-phase aqueous polymer systems.By B. Desbuquois & G. D. Aurbach

Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. Relaxationspectra of ligand binding.By S. E. Halford

Hysteresis and conformational changes in ribosomalribonucleic acid.By R. A. Cox & A. Katchalsky

The disulphide bridges of a mouse immunoglobulinG1 protein.By J. Svasti & C. Milstein

Zinc transport in rabbit tissues. Some hormonalaspects of the turnover ofzinc in female reproductiveorgans, liver and body fluids.By J. E. A. McIntosh & C. Lutwak-Mann

Biosynthesis of proteoglycans in cartilage slices.Fractionation by gel chromatography and equili-brium density-gradient centrifugation.By T. E. Hardingham & H. Muir

Biochem. J. (1972) 126,1-191Printed in Great Britain

POLICY OF THE JOURNAL ANDINSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

The Policy Statement and the Instructions to Authors are followed by a series of noteson the Preparation of Papers and Nomenclature which, experience has shown, are helpfulto authors. They are arranged in alphabetical order and a more detailed index is includedin the list of Abbreviations, Symbols, Conventions and Definitions. This document isunder continual review by the Editorial Board especially as it may be affected by the*decisions of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature and otherinternational bodies. The Biochemical Journal uses the recommended SI (Syst6me Inter-nationale) symbols, and encourages, where appropriate, the use of the recommended SIunits; although the use of non-SI units is still permitted, it is intended that such usageshould be progressively abandoned.

PagePolicy and Organization of the Journal.. .. . . . .. . .. 2

Functions of the Editorial Board . . . .. . .. . ... ..2Relations between authors and the Editorial Board.. .. . . .. .. 2

Instructions to Authors . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. 2

Full-length papers . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 2

Short Communications .. . . . . . . . . . . 3Preparation of Papers . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 4

Acknowledgements . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. 4

Centrifuging .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Chromatography . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. 4

Deposition of data . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 5

Electrophoresis .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Ethics of human experimentation . .. . . . .. . ... ..5

Isotope experiments . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. 6

Kinetic constants for enzyme reactions .. . . . ... . . 6Metabolic quotients and enzyme units .. . . . . ... . 6Micro-organisms . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 7

Powers in tables and figures .. . . . . . ... . . 7Prefixes for multiples and submultiples of units . . . .. ......7References .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Spectrophotometric data .. . . . . . . . . . . 8Statistical treatment of results .. . .. . . ......... 8Symbols for physical units .. . . . . . .. . .. 8

Trade names .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Nomenclature .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Abbreviations, Symbols, Conventions and Definitions (including Index) .. . . .. 1 3

Vol. 126 I

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

POLICY AND ORGANIZATION OF THE JOURNAL

It is the policy of the BiochemicalJournal to publishpapers in English in all fields of biochemistry,provided that they make a sufficient contributionto biochemical knowledge. Papers may include newresults obtained experimentally, descriptions of newexperimental methods of biochemical importance,or new interpretations of existing results. All workpresented should have as its aim the developmentof biochemical concepts rather than the mererecording of facts. Theoretical contributions will beconsidered equally with papers dealing with experi-mental work. Preliminary or inconclusive experi-ments should not generally be described.Two types of paper are accepted by the editors:

1. Full papers. These should be written in the styledescribed on pp. 2-3, their length being theminimum required for precision in the description ofthe experiments and clarity in the interpretation ofthem. A concise well-written paper tends to bepublished more rapidly.2. Short Communications (see pp. 3-4). Short Com-munications should report concise pieces ofwork thatlead to positive conclusions. These papers aregenerally published within about two months aftersubmission.

This statement of policy has been approved by theCommittee of the Biochemical Society. The inter-pretation is in the hands of the Editorial Board, whojudge whether each paper submitted as a full-lengthpaper or Short Communication is scientificallyacceptable.

Functions of the Editorial Board. Members of theEditorial Board are appointed by the Committee ofthe Society on the recommendation of the EditorialBoard. The aim is to have a Board whose membershave a wide knowledge of biochemistry and in whichfields ofexpert knowledge are so distributed that mostpapers can be dealt with.Normally a paper is read by at least two people:

either by two members of the Editorial Board or, ifanexpert opinion in the subject is not available among

members of the Board, by a referee and a member ofthe Board. The main task of editors and referees is tomake recommendations on the acceptability of thepaper. Requests for revision are normally in the formof one or more editorial reports. After revision by theauthor, the paper is checked by an editor before beingprepared for press in the editorial office. In prepara-tion for the press, particular attention is paid togrammar and the conventions of the Journal withregard to nomenclature, symbols, illustrations, tablesand references. Ifrejection ofa paper is recommended,or if there is any serious disagreement betweeneditors, the paper is read by the Chairman or aDeputy.The Editorial Secretary, who is in charge of the

editorial office, administers the business of theJournal, in consultation with members of the Boardand with the Chairman of the Board, to whom he isresponsible.The Editorial Board meet twice a year to discuss

matters related to the production of the Journal.An Editorial Committee, consisting of the Chairman,Deputy Chairmen, three members of the Board andthe Editorial Secretary, meet more frequently toexpedite the business of the Journal. The Boardreport to the Committee of the Society, whosedecision is required on financial matters, appoint-ments or major aspects of policy.

Relations between authors and the Editorial Board.The aim of the Editorial Board is to maintain a highstandard both of subject-matter and of its presen-tation. Requests for revision range from minormatters to criticisms of the clarity or validity ofstatements or arguments. Authors' replies to criticismwill be sympathetically considered.Although editors and referees are normally anony-

mous, it is sometimes a help if direct discussion cantake place between an author and an editor or areferee. This can be arranged, after consultation withthe Chairman, if the author and the editor or refereeconsent.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS*

Full-length papers. Papers submitted for publicationshould be sent together with an extra copy of thesynopsis (see below) to the Editorial Secretary, TheBiochemical Journal, 7 Warwick Court, LondonWC1R 5DP. Typescripts should bear the name andaddress of the person to whom the proof of the paper

* For index to pp. 2-13 see under Abbreviations,Symbols, Conventions and Definitions (pp. 13-19).

is to be sent. All communications about reprintsshould be addressed to the Executive Secretary, TheBiochemical Society, 7 Warwick Court, LondonWC1R 5DP.

Papers submitted should be written concisely.Special attention is directed to the sections belowconcerning the preparation of the typescript. Type-scripts that are not concise or do not conform to the

1972


conventions of the Biochemical Journal will bereturned to the authors for revision. If a paper thathas been returned to an author for revision is notresubmitted within one month, it will, on resub-mission, be deemed to be a new paper and the date ofreceipt altered accordingly. A revised paper con-taining a significant amount of new material will alsobe redated.Submission of a paper to the Editorial Board

implies that it reports unpublished work, that it is notunder consideration for publication elsewhere, andthat if accepted for the Biochemical Journal it will notbe published elsewhere in the same form, either inEnglish or in any other language, without the consentof the Editorial Board. Requests for consent forreproduction of material should be addressed to theEditorial Secretary.

Papers should be headed by a concise but informa-tive full title, by the names of the authors (preferablywith one forename in full for each author) and by thename and address of the establishment where thework was performed. The numbering of parts in aseries of papers is not permitted, but titles and sub-titles may be used. Titles of papers are being usedincreasingly in indexing and in coding for informationstorage and retrieval; they must therefore be suffici-ently descriptive and informative about the contentsto be ofsuch practical use. Authors should also give ashortened version of the title, not exceeding 60 lettersand spaces, suitable for a running title in the publishedpages of the work.The synopsis should contain a brief but informa-

tive summary of the contents and conclusions of thepaper, and should refer to any new information con-tained in the paper. It should normally occupy 3-4%of the length of the paper, but should not exceed 250words. It should contain neither inessential detailsnor information or claims not contained in the bodyof the paper. It is often valuable to indicate the treat-ment of various aspects of the subject by such wordsas 'brief', 'extensive', 'theoretical', 'experimental' etc.Authors should bear in mind that a synopsis, inaddition to its prime role of being a summary of thesubject matter, is often read by workers who haveonly a 'fringe' interest but want as much informationas possible about the purpose and significance of thework without reading the whole paper. Synopses arealso used by many abstracting journals.The second copy of the synopsis requested above is

required solely to assist in the process of selection ofsuitable editors or referees, or both.

Details of financial support may appear in theacknowledgements at the end of the paper.

It would help the editors if the author, whensubmitting a paper, would enclose reprints ofrelevantpreceding papers, especially if they are not publishedin the Biochemical Journal.Form of papers submitted for publication. Before

Vol. 126

preparing papers authors should consult a currentissue of the Journal to make themselves familiar withthe general format, such as the use of cross-headings,lay-out of tables and citation of references. Papersshould be in double-spaced typing throughout(including the references and legends of tables andfigures) on sheets of uniform size and wide margins.The top copy should be submitted. It cannot beoveremphasized that the need for revision of badlyprepared typescripts inevitably leads to delays inpublication. The main way in which authors cancontribute to shortening the time between receipt of apaper and its publication date is to ensure beforesubmission that the requirements and suggestionspresented in these Instructions to Authors are met.

Papers on specialized subjects should be presentedso that they are intelligible to the ordinary reader ofthe Journal. Sufficient information must be includedto permit repetition of the experimental work.

Papers of biochemical interest are often dividedinto the following sections: (a) the synopsis; it maybe divided into numbered sections; (b) the intro-duction, containing the reasons for doing the work;(c) Experimental, including materials and methods;(d) Results: these should be given concisely; theuse of both tables and figures to present the sameresults is rarely permitted; (e) Discussion; (f) theacknowledgements; (g) References. Authors areurged to consider carefully whether the material intheir individual papers needs to be fully subdividedin the manner of sections (c), (d) and (e). In manycases two of these sections can be combined, thussaving space and gaining conciseness and clarity.In papers dealing predominantly with techniques, theExperimental and Results sections should be amal-gamated; other papers of a more general nature areoften simplified by the combination of Results andDiscussion, and in chemical papers the Experimentalsection may be placed at the end. When a separateDiscussion is used it should not recapitulate theresults but only discuss their significance and relation-ship to the object of the work and their relation to thework of other people.

Short Communications. Typescripts should be sub-mitted in duplicate, written in English, and conformstrictly to the form of the Journal as far as spellingand abbreviations are concerned. Such communi-cations should not exceed 2400 words in lengthinclusive of the title, references etc. Authors mayinclude up to two insertions such as tables, figures orschemes; in these cases authors must assess what pro-portion of a page these insertions will occupy andreduce the number of text words accordingly at therate of 700 words per full page of the Journal.Authors are advised that the preparation of tablesand especially figures is liable to cause a slight in-crease in publication time. Under no circumstances

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whatsoever can a complete Short Communicationoccupy more than four pages of the Journal. Com-munications should be addressed to the EditorialSecretary, The Biochemical Journal, 7 WarwickCourt, London WClR 5DP. Papers should be com-plete in themselves; (1) the methods used in experi-mental work must be adequately described orsufficient references given to allow repetition of thework; (2) sufficient indication of the results ofexperimental work must be included to justify theclaims made. A summarizing sentence or paragraphis often valuable. To minimize delay in publication,proofs of accepted Short Communications are notsupplied to authors. However, authors are given

details of any editing of their papers at the same timethat the typescripts are sent to the printer, with arequest that any essential amendments be sent to theEditorial Secretary as soon as possible. The scientificstaff in the editorial office check the proofs to ensurethat they tally exactly with the edited typescripts andmake any necessary alterations indicated by theauthors. Contributions that are not being publishedwill be returned to the authors with the minimumdelay. If a Short Communication has to be returnedto the author for amendment, for whatever reason,it will on resubmission be deemed a new paper, andwill be redated accordingly. In all cases the editors'and referees' decisions will be final.

PREPARATION OF PAPERS

The Biochemical Journal uses as a standard forspelling the Concise Oxford Dictionary of CurrentEnglish (Clarendon Press, Oxford). For the tech-nique of writing authors may find it helpful also toconsult The Complete Plain Words, by Sir ErnestGowers (H.M.S.O. and Penguin Books, London)and 'English Style in Scientific Papers' by J. R. Baker[Nature (London) (1955) 176, 851-852].The remaining items in this section are listed in

alphabetical order.

Acknowledgements. These must be as short aspossible.

Animals. The full binominal Latin names should beincluded for all experimental animals other thancommon laboratory animals. The strain, and ifpossible the source, of laboratory animals should bestated.

Centrifuging. When conditions for centrifuging arecritical sufficient information should be given for theprocedure to be repeated. The quantitative com-position of the suspension medium should be stated.The centrifuge rotor should be unambiguouslyidentified and the temperature of operation stated.The time of operation of the rotor at sustained

plateau speed (ignoring initial rotor acceleration anddeceleration periods) should be noted. The centrifu-gal field should be stated in multiples ofg (as definedon page 15); the calculation of this field should bebased in every case on the average radius of rotationof the column of liquid in the rotor tubes (or rotorbowl in zonal rotors). For example: 'The rotor wasoperated for 15 min at 2°C and I00MQg (ray. 8 cm).'.

Alternatively, where it is necessary to take intoaccount periods of acceleration and deceleration ofthe rotor, the rotor speed (w in rad/s) and time ofoperation should be integrated and the total inte-

grated field-time stated (as multiples of g) for theaverage radius of rotation (ray.) of the column ofliquid in the rotor. For example: 'The rotor wasoperated at 5°C. The integrated field-time was250000g-min at ra,. 6.5cm' [i.e. (ray./g)JfW2 -dt=250000 (at ra,. 6.5 cm)].

Density-gradient centrifugation. The make ofcentrifuge and rotor used, the temperature of the runand the composition ofthe gradients should be stated.Results should preferably be plotted against distancefrom rotor centre rather than against fractionnumbers; it is then unnecessary to indicate top andbottom of the gradient. If fraction numbers are used,the top and bottom of the gradient should be indi-cated.

Ultracentrifuge data. Sedimentation coefficient(not constant), s; sedimentation coefficient correctedto 20°C in water, s20o,; sedimentation coefficient atzero concentration, s°, s20,W; Svedberg unit (10-13s),S; partial specific volume, v; diffusion coefficient, D,DO, D2o, etc. as for sedimentation coefficient. Thetemperature at which the sedimentation and diffusionmeasurements are made should be stated.

Chromatography. Photographs or drawings of paperor thin-layer chromatograms are not generallypublished unless they convey information, such as ademonstration of homogeneity, that is not readilyestablished in the text. Densitometric records ofchromatograms are preferable in all cases.The rate of movement of a substance relative to the

solvent front in paper or thin-layer chromatographyis best expressed as its RF value, or if relative to areference compound X by its Rx value. Solventsshould be described in the form butan-l-ol-aceticacid-water (4:4:1, by vol.) or butan-1-ol-acetic acid(4:1, v/v).

Solute concentrations in effluents from chromato-graphic columns should be shown in diagrams with

1972

4


the effluent volume increasing from left to right.Units of solute concentration and effluent volumemust be shown clearly on ordinate and abscissa.Column dimensions should always be quoted, and

where possible column void volumes (V0) should begiven. Elution zone maxima may be characterizedby elution volumes (Vs) or preferably by partitioncoefficients (Me or KD). The course of any eluentgradients used should be indicated clearly.

Deposition of data. Information (computer pro-grams, evidence for amino acid sequences, spectraetc.) supplementing papers in the BiochemicalJournalmay be deposited free of charge with the NationalLending Library for Science and Technology, BostonSpa, Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ, U.K., where it will bestored in its original form and on microfiches (1microfiche may contain up to 70 pages). However,short items of 10 pages or less will not be available onmicrofiche, but only as full-size photocopies. Thesupplementary material must in the first instance besent to the Journal with the parent paper, and notdirect to the N.L.L.S.T. It will be subject to editing inthe normal manner before being accepted for deposi-tion (it should be noted, however, that the EditorialBoard cannot accept the responsibility of checkingthe accuracy ofcomputer programs). The authors willthen be responsible for preparing camera-ready copyaccording to the following specifications:

(a) Limiting page size for text or tables in type-script: 33cm x 24cm.

(b) Limiting size for diagrams, graphs, spectraetc.: 39cmx28.5cm.

(c) Tabular matter should be headed descriptivelyon the first page, with column headings recurring oneach page.

(d) Pages should be clearly numbered to ensure thecorrect sequence of frames on the microfiche.

It is suggested that some prefatory text should beincluded, such as the author's synopsis from the parentpaper. If the authors have the facilities available, theuse of a type-face designed to be 'read' by computersis encouraged.The editorial office will be responsible for deposit-

ing the material with the N.L.L.S.T. at this stage.This supplementary information will be available

as microfiche or as full-size copies from the library'sphotocopying services, which work on a pre-paidflat-rate coupon basis.

The present coupon buys one item on microfiche,or 1-10 pages of photocopy from a single item.The present coupon costs are:U.K. £10 for 50 coupons (or 25p. each)Europe, £6 for 20 coupons (or 30p. each)excluding U.K.

Vol. 126

Elsewhere £8.50 for 20 coupons (or 42p.each)

The cost includes postage. Outside the U.K. allitems are sent by air-mail. The SupplementaryPublication number given in the paper in questionshould be quoted when the item is ordered.

Dialysis. The terms 'diffusate' and 'non-diffusiblematerial' (or 'dialysis residue') should be used.'Dialysate' should not be used.

Electrophoresis. Photographs or drawings of electro-phoretic separations on paper or cellulose acetate willbe published only if they convey information, such asa demonstration of homogeneity, that is not readilyestablished in the text.

Photographs of electrophoretic separations in gelssuch as starch or polyacrylamide may be published ifthey convey essential information, but it must beremembered that, as reproduction may not always besatisfactory, line drawings may be more informative.Densitometric records are superior in most cases.

Electrophoretic mobilities (m) and the compositionof the electrophoretic medium, pH and temperatureshould be quoted. The operative voltage gradientshould be specified where possible.The symbol pI should be used for isoelectric point.

Enzymes. The recommendations of Enzyme Nomen-clature [(1965) Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam,London and New York] will be followed as far aspossible. This includes the quoting ofEC numbers assuggested on p. 43 of that publication.

Ethics of human experimentation. The EditorialBoard agrees with the principles laid down in theDeclaration of Helsinki (1964) [Brit. Med. J. (1964)ii, 177-178; see also Report of the Medical ResearchCouncil for 1962-63, pp. 21-25]. Authors shouldensure that their work complies with these declara-tions. A paper describing any experimental work withhumans should include a statement that the EthicalCommittee of the Institution in which the work wasperformed has approved of it, and should state thatthe subjects have given informed consent to the work.

Footnotes. These should be avoided as far as possible(except in the definition ofabbreviations). Where theymust be used, as in tables, reference is made by thesymbols * t t §11 ¶, in that order.

Illustrations. These constitute an expensive item inpublication and may increase the time taken inprinting. Their number should be kept to a minimum.Illustrations should be on separate sheets and packedflat: they should bear the author's name, the title ofthe paper and the figure number on the back. Their

5


approximate position should be indicated in themargin of the typescript.

Half-tone blocks. Figures that are unsuitable forreproduction as line blocks, e.g. electrophoresis dia-grams, can occasionally be reproduced satisfactorilyas half-tone blocks on text paper; but it is generallybetter for authors to provide tracings, which can bereproduced accurately as line blocks, since there isalways some loss of definition and detail in half-toneblocks on text paper.Headings and legends. Each illustration should be

supplied with an informative heading, which shouldbe underlined, and an explanatory legend, starting ona new line. The heading and legend should make thegeneral meaning comprehensible without referenceto the text. Conditions specific to a particular experi-ment should be stated. Reference to the text forgeneral experimental details is permissible providedthat there is no ambiguity.

Histograms. Simple histograms recording only afew values should not be used. The information canbe given more concisely in a table.

Lettering. Final lettering on figures will be done bythe printer; for complex diagrams, which will not beredrawn, authors should insert guide lettering in softpencil. Individual curves should be distinguished bydistinctive symbols (see below), single-letter labels ordistinctive line forms. Brief explanatory labels withina figure are sometimes useful.

Materials. Diagrams should be in black ink andshould preferably be drawn on white card, on faintlyblue- or green-lined graph paper or on tracing cloth orpaper. Mounting on heavy cardboard is undesirable.Photographs of line drawings are acceptable, but ifsubmitted should be on matt paper, not glossy prints.

Size. Illustrations should be approximately twicethe size of the finished block (usually single-columnwidth). A margin ofat least 3cm is essential. The card,cloth or paper on which the drawing is made shouldnot exceed foolscap size (33cm x 21 cm). If drawingslarger than 33cm x 21 cm are unavoidable they mustbe accompanied by smaller photographic copies forthe use of editors. In a drawing of apparatus and in aphotomicrograph the scale must be indicated.Symbols for experimental points. The preferred

symbols are o, A, c,o, A,*. The same symbols mustnot be used on two curves where the points might beconfused. The symbols x or + should be avoided.For scatter diagrams filled-in symbols are preferred.The same symbols should, whenever possible, be usedfor the same entities throughout a paper.

Technique. All curves, lines and symbols should bedrawn clearly. Curves should not be drawn beyondexperimental points. Scale marks must be within thegraph. Axes should not extend appreciably beyondthe curves. It is sometimes unnecessaryforan axis scaleto start at 0; only the part of the scale relevant to thecurves should be given.

Shading and hatching should be left to the printer;areas to be shaded or hatched should be indicatedlightly in soft pencil.

Isotope experiments. The information given shouldinclude: (a) sufficient details of the method of assay toallow an estimate ofthe efficiency ofdetection (prefer-ably an assay of a standard under the same con-ditions); (b) details of corrections made to theobserved count rate; (c) form of the sample, e.g.infinitely thick, infinitely thin; (d) standard error oftheresults or a statement of the total counts above back-ground collected; (e) in general the specific activity ofthe starting and final materials should be given,preferably in terms of curies per unit weight or, forstable isotopes, as atoms % excess. For some pur-poses the count rate under defined conditions suchas at infinite thickness is satisfactory, but authorsshould consider any limitations that such statementsmay impose on the deductions from their work.

In assessing the specific activities of startingmaterials, dilution with unlabelled materials in theincubation mixture should be allowed for. This is notalways possible but, unless the dilution is known, theradioactivity measurements do not indicate theamount of material transferred.Where possible, radioactivity should be expressed

in absolute terms, i.e. curies (Ci) or disintegrations/second (d.p.s.).

Kinetic constants for enzyme reactions. Velocityconstants for the forward and the backward reactionson the nth step of an enzyme reaction should berepresented by k+n and k_n respectively. The Michaelisconstant is defined as Km = [S] when v - V/2, where vis the velocity of appearance of product or disappear-ance of substrate at a given substrate concentration[S] and Vis the velocity when the enzyme is saturatedwith that substrate. When reactions with twosubstrates A and B are being considered K.= [A]when v= V/2 and [B] has been extrapolated toinfinity; a value for [A] when v= V/2 at a finite con-centration (which must be specified) of B should bereferred to as an apparent Km for A. K. is the equi-librium constant of the dissociation of the substrate-enzyme complex.

Metabolic quotients and enzyme units. As far aspossible the notation Q. and q. will not be used;metabolic quotients should, if possible, be given as,mol/min for a defined arbitrary quantity ofmaterial,e.g. mg dry wt., mg of protein, g wet wt. etc. Units ofenzyme activity should be given as umol of substratetransformed/min, or if necessary as utmol of themeasured product formed/min. The temperature andother conditions should always be stated. The term'optimum conditions' is not acceptable.

Standardprotein solutions. When standard proteinssuch as bovine serum albumin are used as a basis for

1972

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the determination of other protein concentrations,the type of protein and its source of supply should begiven and it should be stated that the sample was dry.

Micro-organisms. In the title, in the synopsis and atthe first mention in the text, micro-organisms shouldbe given their full binominal Latin name, underlined.Each organism should preferably have been obtainedfrom or deposited with a recognized collection ofmicro-organisms, in which case the collectionnumber must be given. Alternatively, a strain numberor name should be quoted; this should not be under-lined. Names of ranks higher than genus (e.g.Eubacteriales, Lactobacilleae), generic names usedadjectivally (e.g. 'staphylococcal') and names ofmicro-organisms used colloquially (e.g. as in 'mostlactobacilli behave thus') should not be underlined.The first (i.e. generic) name should be spelt with acapital letter. Elsewhere in the text, single-letterabbreviations may be given for the generic name; iftwo genera with the same initial letter are studied,abbreviations such as Strep. and Staph. may be used.If the author selects for stated reasons a name thatdoes not conform to that chosen in the most recentedition of one of the reference books quoted below,the name given in the reference book should be addedin parentheses after the first mention of the organismin the synopsis, and also in the text. Characteristics ofthe organism that are known to differ from thosequoted in the reference book should also be given,since they are essential for subsequent interpretationof the work.Authors are urged to offer new organisms to

collections of micro-organisms so that they may bereadily available to other workers.

Reference books. Bergey's Manual ofDeterminativeBacteriology, Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, London.A Dictionary of the Fungi by Ainsworth, G. C. &Bisby, G. R., Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew.The Yeasts: a Taxonomic Study by Lodder, J. &Kreger van Rij, N. J. W.,North-Holland, Amsterdam.

Plants. The full binominal Latin names should beincluded for all plant species. Where appropriate, thevariety and the source should be specified.

Powers in tables and figures. Care is needed wherepowers are used in table headings and in figures inorder to avoid numbers with an inconvenient numberof digits. The quantity expressed is to be preceded bythe power of 10 by which its value has been multiplied.The units in which the quantity is expressed may notbe multiplied by a power of 10; the unit may bechanged by the use of prefixes, e.g. m, ,u, n or p. Forexample: (i) An entry '2' under heading 103k meansthat the value ofk is 0.002; an entry '2' under heading10-3k means that the value of k is 2000. (ii) A con-centration 0.00015M may be expressed as 0.15 under

Vol. 126

heading 'concn. (mM)' or as 150 under heading'concn. (p&M)' or as 15 under heading '105 x concn.(M)', but not as 15 under heading 'concn. (M x 10-)'.(iii) Complex quantities are treated similarly; avalue for 1/[S] of 200M-1 would appear as '2' underthe heading 10-2/[S] (M-1).

Prefixes for multiples and submultiples of units. Theseshould be as follows:

Multiple10121091061031021010-110-210-310-610-910-1210-1510-18

Prefixteragigamegakilohectodekadecicentimillimicronanopicofemtoatto

SymbolTGMkh*da*d*CT

mIjUnpfa

* To be avoided where possible (except for cm).

References. The Harvard System, not the NumberingSystem, should be used for the citation of referencesin the text, as follows: for papers written by one ortwo authors, as 'Trop & Birk (1970)' or '(Harrison,1971)'; for papers written by three or more authors,as 'Davies et al. (1971)' or '(Mayer et al., 1970)'.Where more than one paper by the same authors hasappeared in one year the references should be givenas 'Lowe & Yuthavong (1971a,b)' or '(Slater &Sawyer, 1969, 1971a,b,c)'.At the end of the paper references should be listed

in alphabetical order, except for papers by three ormore authors (which are given in the text only as 'etal.'), which should be grouped in chronological orderafter any other papers by the first author. The authors'initials should be included, but not the title of thepaper. The style to be used is shown in the followingexamples:Krebs, H. A. (1961) Biochem. J. 80, 225-233Krebs, H. A. & Lund, P. (1966) Biochem. J. 98, 210-214

Krebs, H. A. & Woodford, M. (1965) Biochem. J. 94,436445

Krebs, H. A., Speake, R. N. & Hems, R. (1965)Biochem. J. 94, 712-720

Krebs, H. A., Freedland, R. A., Hems, R. & Stubbs,M. (1969) Biochem. J. 112, 117-124

It should be noted that first and last pages should becited, if possible. This will be optional for the refer-ence lists of papers published during 1972, but will

7


become mandatory during 1973. In order to achievethis change, all typescripts received on or after 1 July1972 must cite first and last pages for all referencesquoted in the list.

Titles ofjournals should be abbreviated in accord-ance with the Chemical Abstracts Service SourceIndex (1969) and subsequent Quarterly Supplements(American Chemical Society).

References to books and monographs shouldinclude details such as names of editors, editionnumber, volume number, relevant page numbers,name of publisher and town where published.Examples are:

Dixon, M. & Webb, E. C. (1964) Enzymes, 2nd edn.,p. 565, Longmans Green, London

Kirby, K. S. (1967) in Techniques in Protein Bio-synthesis (Campbell, P. N. & Sargent, J. R., eds.),vol. 1, pp. 265-297, Academic Press, London andNew York

Reference to a paper 'in the press' is permissible,provided that it has been accepted for publication,thus:

Smith, A. (1972) Biochem. J. in the press

References to 'personal communication' and 'un-published work' are permitted in the text only, i.e. notin the list of references; editors may require docu-mentary evidence for the former citation. The useof 'in preparation', 'private communication' and'submitted for publication' is not allowed.The above requirements are in accordance with the

recommendations of the Commission of Editors ofBiochemical Journals.

Solutions. Solutions should be described in terms ofmolarity (M), not normality (N). Fractional concen-trations should be expressed in the decimal system,e.g. 0.25M-HCI (not M/4 HCI). The term % must bedefined as w/w, w/v or v/v, e.g. 5% (w/v) means5g/100ml. For aqueous solutions of concentrationless than 1 %, w/v need not be inserted if it is clear thatthe concentration is stated in terms of weight ofsolute. For solutions of salts expressed as % it mustbe made clear whether anhydrous or hydrated com-pounds are used. It may be noted that SI recommendsthat the symbol 'M' should be replaced by 'mol/l', andthat '% (w/v)' and '% (v/v)' should be given in termsof, e.g., 'g/l' and 'ml/l'. For the time being at least,however, the use of 'M', '% (w/v)' and '% (v/v)' willcontinue to be accepted in the Biochemical Journal.

Buffers. Cationic and anionic composition and pHshould be given. An example of a suitable descriptionis '0.1 M-KH2PO4 adjusted to pH7.4 with 2M-NaOH'. Alternatively a reference should be given. Itshould always be made clear whether concentrationsof ingredients in a reaction mixture are final con-centrations or the concentrations of solutions added.

Krebs-Ringer solution should be described byreference or the composition should be given.The symbol for ionic strength is L

Spectrophotometric data. Extinction or absorbance[log (J0/I)] should be used, not optical density.Abbreviations used are: E, extinction (absorbance);El%, specific extinction coefficient; c, molar extinc-tion coefficient (the extinction of a molar solution in a1 cm light-path). It should be noted that the dimen-sions of E should be as recommended by IUPAC,i.e. litre - mol-h * cm-', not cm2 *mol-1.

Ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear-magnetic-reson-ance spectra will not be published unless theydemonstrate important or novel features. When suchspectra are essential they should have a wavelengthscale, whether or not a wavenumber scale is included.

It is not possible to publish full mass spectra, butthe Editors may wish to see these. Ifdeemed necessary,the Editors may require that these be made availablevia a data-deposition scheme.

Spectra that are not accepted for publication in theJournal may be deposited with the National LendingLibrary for Science and Technology (see under'Deposition of data' on p. 5).

Statistical treatment of results. It is often unnecessaryto publish the individual results of a number ofsimilar experiments. When the object is to determinethe value of a quantity or the statistical characteris-tics of a population, sufficient information is usuallyconveyedby thefollowing: (i) the numberofindividualexperiments; (ii) the mean value; (iii) the standarddeviation (S.D.), the coefficient of variation, or thestandard error of the estimate of mean value (S.E.M.),as may be appropriate. It should be made clear whetherthe standard deviation or the standard error is used. Aconvenient form for inclusion in a table is, forexample 263 ± 2.5 (10), where the number in paren-thesis represents the number of results.Where a significant difference is claimed between

the means (or other statistics) of two groups ofresults, the test of significance used should be stated.

In representing statistical quantities by symbols,the convention of using Greek letters (E, a, ,u etc.) forthe hypothetical characteristics of the population,and Roman letters (S, s, m etc.) for actual estimates oftheir values based on limited samples, should beobserved.Symbols for physical units. The Biochemical Journaluses the recommended SI symbols for units [seePure Appl. Chem. (1970) 21, 1-44; Quantities, Unitsand Symbols (1971) The Royal Society, London].Preference should be given to the recommended SIunits, e.g. either '42kJ/mol' or '42kJ/mol (lOkcal/mol)' is permissible, but not 'lOkcal/mol' alone.Details are given below under Abbreviations,Symbols, Conventions and Definitions (pp. 13-19).

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The symbol for the plural of a unit is the same as thatfor the singular.

Tables. Each table should be supplied with aninformative heading, which should be underlined,and an explanatory legend, starting on a new line.The heading and legend should make the generalmeaning comprehensible without reference to thetext. Footnotes should be kept to a minimum.Conditions specific to the particular experimentshould be stated. Reference to the text for generalexperimental methods is permissible provided thatthere is no ambiguity. The units in which the results

are expressed, e.g. g/100ml, should be given at thetop of each column, and not repeated on each line ofthe table.

Tables should be typed on separate sheets and theirapproximate position in the text indicated. Words ornumerals should be repeated on successive lines:'ditto' or ',,' is not to be used.

Trade names. The names of the manufacturers orsuppliers of special apparatus or materials should begiven, and also their addresses. Wherever possible,the chemical nature ofthe proprietary material shouldbe specified at the first mention.

NOMENCLATURE

Biochemical. As far as possible authors should followthe Tentative Rules and Proposals of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature:1. Abbreviations and symbols for chemical names

of special interest in biological chemistry:Biochem. J. (1966) 101, 1-7 (but see item 11below).

2. Trivial names of compounds of importance inbiochemistry: nomenclature of quinones withisoprenoid side chains; nomenclature andsymbols for folic acid and related compounds;nomenclature for corrinoids: Biochem. J.(1967) 102, 15-22 (but see item 10 below).

3. Abbreviated designation of amino acid deriva-tives and peptides: Biochem. J. (1967) 102,23-27 (but see item 15 below).

4. Rules for naming synthetic modifications ofnatural peptides: Biochem. J. (1967) 104, 17-19.

5. The nomenclature of lipids (document fordiscussion): Biochem. J. (1967) 105, 897-902.

6. Abbreviated nomenclature of synthetic poly-peptides (polymerized amino acids): Biochem.J. (1968) 106, 577-579 (revision in the press).

7. The nomenclature of cyclitols: Biochem. J.(1969) 112, 17-28.

8. A one-letter notation for amino acid sequences:Biochem. J. (1969) 113, 1-4. In general thisone-letter notation will not be accepted inmanuscripts submitted for publication in theBiochemical Journal.

9. The nomenclature of steroids: Biochem. J.(1969) 113, 5-28.

10. Nomenclature for vitamins B6 and relatedcompounds: Biochem. J. (1970) 119, 1-4(replaces M7 of 2 above).

11. Abbreviations for nucleic acids, polynucleotidesand their constituents: Biochem. J. (1970)120, 449-454 (replaces section 5 of 1 above).

Vol. 126

12. Abbreviations and symbols for the descriptionof the conformation of polypeptide chains:Biochem. J. (1971) 121, 577-585.

13. Tentative rules for carbohydrate nomenclature,part 1: Biochem. J. (1971) 125, 673-695.

14. The nomenclature ofmultiple forms ofenzymes:Biochem. J. (1972) in the press.

15. Symbols for amino acid derivatives and pep-tides: Biochem. J. (1972) in the press (revisionof 3 above).

Reprints of these Rules and information on them canbe obtained from Waldo E. Cohn, Director, NAS-NRC Office of Biochemical Nomenclature, OakRidge National Laboratory, Box Y, Oak Ridge,Tenn. 37830, U.S.A. Comments on the TentativeRules should be sent to the Commission on Bio-chemical Nomenclature (Secretary: Waldo E. Cohn).

Abbreviations. The Biochemical Journal in generalfollows the Tentative Rules of the IUPAC-IUBCommission on Biochemical Nomenclature [seeBiochem. J. (1966) 101, 1-7]. However, no abbrevi-ations should be used in the title. All abbreviationsexcept those listed below must be defined together ina single footnote at the point of introduction of thefirst one. New abbreviations should be coined onlyfor unwieldy names, and then only if their repeateduse is essential; it should be remembered that thename of an entity can often be replaced by shortalternatives such as 'the compound', 'the protein','the enzyme' etc., or even by 'it'. If an abbreviation isused for a biochemical entity, it is desirable that someindication of the type or class of material should bespelled out. Thus 'turnip yellow-mosaic virus' shouldbe abbreviated to 'TYM virus' rather than 'TYMV',and 'poly(XY)' is preferable to 'PXY'. This meansthat in general the names of enzymes should not beabbreviated (for example, 'lactate dehydrogenase'should not be abbreviated to 'LDH', though termssuch as 'LDH-1 isoenzyme' would be acceptable);

9


'ATPase' would, however, be an acceptable abbrevi-ation for 'adenosine triphosphatase', as the suffix'ase' is sufficient indication that the material is anenzyme.Accepted abbreviations that may be used without

definition:

ADP, CDP,GDP, IDP,UDP, XDPAMP etc.ATP etc.CM-celluloseCoA andacyl-CoADEAE-celluloseDNADnp-Dns-

EDTAFADFMNGSH, GSSGNAD*NADP*

NMNPi, PPiRNA, mRNA,nRNA,rRNA,tRNAtTEAE-cellulose

tris

5'-Pyrophosphates of adenosine,cytidine, guanosine, inosine, uri-dine, xanthosine

Adenosine 5'-phosphate etc.Adenosine 5'-triphosphate etc.CarboxymethylcelluloseCoenzyme A and its acyl derivatives

Diethylaminoethylcellulose

Deoxyribonucleic acid2,4-Dinitrophenyl-5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl-

Ethylenediaminetetra-acetateFlavin-adenine dinucleotideFlavin mononucleotideGlutathione, reduced and oxidizedNicotinamide-adenine dinucleotideNicotinamide-adenine dinucleotidephosphate

Nicotinamide mononucleotideOrthophosphate, pyrophosphateRibonucleic acid and messenger,nuclear, ribosomal and transferribonucleic acid species

Triethylaminoethylcellulose

2-Amino-2-hydroxymethylpropane-1,3-diol

* Oxidized and reduced forms of the dinucleotidesshould be indicated as, for example, eitherNADI,NADH,orNAD, NADH2, notNAD,NADH. TheNAD+,NADHform is preferred and has the advantage that NAD can beused when the state of oxidation need not be indicated.

t Specific tRNA species should be given as, for example,alanine tRNA or tRNAA^; tRNA bound to amino acidshould be given as, for example, alanyl-tRNA or alanyl-tRNAAI8 (note: fMet=formylmethionyl). sRNA shouldnot be used.

Symbols for amino acids [see Biochem. J. (1967)102, 23-27]. These are for use only in representingpolymers or sequences and in tables and figures, andneed not be defined:

AlaArgAsnAsp

AlanineArginineAsparagineAspartic acid

Asx

Cys

Cys or Cys

GlnGluGlx

GlyHisHylHypIleLeuLysMetOrnPheProSerThrTrpTyrVal

Aspartic acid or aspara-gine (undefined)

Cysteine

Cystine (half)

GlutamineGlutamic acidGlutamic acid or glut-amine (undefined)

GlycineHistidineHydroxylysineHydroxyprolineIsoleucineLeucineLysineMethionineOrnithinePhenylalanineProlineSerineThreonineTryptophanTyrosineValine

In polymers or sequences they should be joined byhyphens if the sequence is known, or by commas if itis not; e.g.:

Gly-Ile-Gly-Phe(Gly,Tyr,Val,Ser)Leu-Val-Alarepresents an undecapeptide composed of four aminoacids whose sequence has been established, four forwhich the sequence is unknown and then three inknown sequence. The glycine on the left carries thefree amino group and the alanine on the right the freecarboxyl group.Symbols for nucleotides [see Biochem. J. (1970)

120, 449-454]. The symbols for ribonucleosides,which need not be defined, are as follows (the prefix rshould be used if there is possible ambiguity):

A AdenosineG GuanosineI InosineX Xanthosine

General symbols:

C CytidineT RibosylthymineU Uridineb 5-Ribosyluracil

(pseudouridine)

R Unspecified purine nucleosideY Unspecified pyrimidine nucleosideN Unspecified nucleoside (not X)

The 2'-deoxyribonucleosides are designated by thesame symbols preceded by d, e.g.:

dA 2'-DeoxyribosyladeninedT 2'-Deoxyribosylthymine (thymidine)

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The letter p or a hyphen to the left of a nucleosidesymbol indicates a 5'-phosphate; to the right itindicates a 3'-phosphate, e.g.:

pA-G 5'-O-Phosphoadenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine or guanylyl-(5'-3')-adenosine 5'-phosphate

A-Gp Adenylyl-(3'-5')-guanosine 3'-phosphate

d(A-T) Deoxyadenylyl-(3'-5')-thymidineA-G-cyclic-p Adenylyl-(3'-5)-guanosine 2': 3'-or A-G>p cyclic phosphate

Other points of attachment may be indicated bynumerals, e.g.:

A2'p5'G2'p Adenylyl-(2'-5')-guanosine2'-phosphate

A-G-(mixed 2',3')-p A mixture of A-Gp andA-G2'p

For sequences, oligonucleotides or polynucleotidesthe nucleoside symbols are joined by hyphens if thesequence is known, or by commas if it is not; e.g.:

G-A-U(C2,U)Gp

In the special case of triplet codons the hyphens maybe omitted, e.g. UUU.For sequences that are long, repetitive or obscure,

shorter forms may be used, e.g.:

poly(A) a simple homopolymer ofApoly(A3,C2) random co-polymer ofA and C in

3:2 proportionspoly[d(A-T)] or alternating co-polymer of dA andpoly(dA-dT) dT

poly(A,G,C,U) random co-polymer of A, G, C andU, proportions unspecified

The prefix co-poly or oligo may replace poly, ifdesired. An alternative form is, e.g., A. for poly(A),where the subscript n may be replaced by numeralsindicating actual size.

Associated (e.g. hydrogen-bonded) chains, or baseswithin chains, are indicated by a centre dot (not ahyphen or a plus sign) separating the complete namesor symbols; non-associated chains are separated bya plus sign, and unspecified or unknown associationby a comma; e.g.:

poly(A).poly(U)* associated poly(A) and poly(U)poly(G)-2poly(C) triple-stranded complex of

poly(G) and poly(C) in theproportions 1 :2

poly(dA-dC) poly- associated poly(dA-dC) and(dG-dT) poly(dG-dT)

* Also 'adenine thymine base pair' or 'A .T base pair'in the text.

Vol. 126

poly(A) + poly(U)t non-associated poly(A) andpoly(U)

poly(A),poly(U) poly(A) and poly(U), no definiteinformation on association

t Also 'A+T content' (and 'A-T sequence'), not'AT content' (nor 'AT sequence'), in the text.

Symbols for sugars [see Biochem. J. (1966) 101,1-7]. These are for use only in representing polymersor sequences and in tables and figures, and need not bedefined:

AradRib*FruFucGalGlctManRibXyl

Arabinose2-DeoxyriboseFructoseFucoseGalactoseGlucoseMannoseRiboseXylose

* Similarly for other deoxy sugars.t Where no ambiguity can arise, the single-letter

symbol G may be used.

When it is necessary to indicate furanose orpyranose, the letterforp after the saccharide symbolmay be used: e.g. Ribffor ribofuranose.

Symbols thus formed are joined by short rules orarrows (pointing away from hemiacetals) to indicatethe links between units. The position and nature ofthe links are shown by numerals and the anomericsymbols a and ,, e.g.:

Maltose Glcpocl-4Glc or Glcpocl -*4GlcLactose Galpf1l-4Glc or Galpll ->4GlcThe following suffixes may be used, also without

definition, to indicate derivatives:A for uronic acids (e.g. GlcA for

glucuronic acid, GalA for galacturo-nic acid)

N and NAc for 2-amino-2-deoxysaccharides andtheir N-acetyl derivatives (e.g. GlcNfor glucosamine and GalNAc forN-acetylgalactosamine)

This system differs in some respects from thatdescribed previously [Biochem. J. (1966) 101, 1-7]and from that recommended by the Chemical Society.Authors may use the Chemical Society system if theywish, but should state this explicitly, to avoid possibleambiguity.

Definitive names for oligosaccharides are often toocumbersome for repeated mention in the text of apaper, and shortened names that, within the con-ventions of the system employed, are unambiguousmay be used [see, e.g., Biochem. J. (1956)63, 200-206;64, 340-351; 64, 351-361]. At its first mention thedefinitive name should be given in parentheses afterthe shortened name.

11


Chemical. The IUPAC Rules on chemical nomen-clature should be followed, the most important ofthese being as follows:1. Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry (second

edition) [(1971) Butterworths, London; alsoPure Appi. Chem. (1971) 28, 1-110].

2. Nomenclature of organic chemistry:Sections A (hydrocarbons), B (fundamentalheterocyclic systems) and C (characteristicgroups containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, halogen, sulphur, selenium and/ortellurium) (combined and revised edition)[(1971) Butterworths, London].

Section E (fundamental stereochemistry) [IUPACInformation Bulletin no. 35 (1969) pp. 36-79;also Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1970) 208, 1-44].

3. Manual of symbols and terminology for physico-chemical quantities and units [(1970) Butter-worths, London; also Pure Appl. Chem. (1970)21, 1-4].

The Handbook for Chemical Society Authors[(1961) The Chemical Society, London] contains thefirst editions of the IUPAC Rules for the nomen-clature of inorganic chemistry and for the nomen-clature of organic chemistry (sections A and B) withuseful explanatory footnotes, together with detailedproposals on points of nomenclature not specificallycovered in these Rules. This book is now out of printand no longer available, but authors may find ituseful to consult if they have access to a copy.

Elementary analyses and physical properties.Standard forms for reporting these are:The new compound (name in italics) had m.p.

175°C (decomp.), [a]22 +17±+20 (c 1.6 in water),light-absorption max. in ethanol 226 and 265nm(e 2200 and 2500 respectively) (Found: C, 40.8;H, 6.9; N, 11.5; OMe, 26.0; C8Hj6N206 requiresC, 40.7; H, 6.8; N, 11.9; OMe, 26.3%).The known compound (name in roman type)

had m.p. 178-179°C, unchanged by admixture withan authentic samplekindly supplied by Dr. Z (Found:C, 48.6; H, 6.1; OMe, 50.1. Calc. for C,oH1607:C, 48.4; H, 6.4; OMe, 50.0%). Or: The known com-pound had m.p. 178-179°C. The mixed m.p. with anauthentic sample (m.p. 179-181°C) prepared by themethod ofX & Y (1932) was 178-180°C (Found: C,49.4; H, 3.8; N, 3.9; loss at 100°C, 5.1. Calc. forC28H2212N2,2H20: C, 49.7; H, 3.9; N, 4.2; H20,5.3 %). (If water of crystallization is claimed, evidenceshould be given, e.g. as loss at 100°C as above, or thereason why it cannot be given should be explained.)

Distillation of the product gave a middle fraction(0.3g), b.p. 120'C/1.86kN/m2 (15mmHg), n16 1.4767.

Elementary analyses. Percentages should generallybe given to one place of decimals only. Elements areto be listed in the order C, H and then the remainderin alphabetical order of symbols.

Meltingpoints. It is desirable to state whether theseare corrected or uncorrected for the emergent stem ofthe thermometer.

Specific optical rotations. An estimate of the errorshould be given.

Formulae. Chemical symbols may be used forelements, groups and simple compounds, but authorsare advised that the excessive use of chemical symbolsmay reduce the readability of a paper.Where formulae of more complex organic mole-

cules are included they should, if possible, be writtenin one line, as this saves space and expense in printing.Dashes are used to represent the links in the mainchain; side chains are in parentheses, and condensedmain chains are in square brackets, e.g.:

CH2=CH-CH(OH)-CH3H2N-[CH2]3-CH(NH2)-CO2H

Formulae with rings or branched chains should beclearly written on a separate sheet so that they can becopied by the draughtsman. Hetero atoms should beshown in the ring, and aromatic rings must showdouble bonds.R, R', R- (or R1, R2, R3, R4 if more than three)

should be used to denote variable substituents informulae.

C20 acid is used to denote an acid containing 20carbon atoms and C-3 or C(3) to denote the carbonatom numbered 3. C18:0, C18:1 etc. are used similarlyto denote the number of double bonds in an un-saturated fatty acid.

Ions. These should be represented thus: Na+,Zn2+, Cl-, P043-.

Isotopically labelled compounds. The symbol forthe isotope introduced is placed in square bracketsdirectly attached to the front of the name (word),as in [14C]urea. When more than one position in asubstance is labelled by means of the same isotopethe number of labelled atoms is added as a right-handed subscript, as in [14C2]glycollic acid. Thesymbol 'U' indicates uniform and 'G' generallabelling, e.g. [U-14C]glucose (where the 14C isuniformly distributed among all six positions) and[G-'4C]glucose (where the '4C is distributed amongall six positions, but not necessarily uniformly); inthe latter case it is often sufficient to write simply'[14C]glucose'.The isotopic prefix precedes that part of the name

to which it refers, as in sodium [14C]formate, iodo-[14C2]acetic acid, I-amino[14C]methylcyclopentanol(H2N-14CH2-C5H8-OH), oc-naphth[14C]oic acid(CIoH7-14C02H), 2-acetamido-7-[13 II]iodofluorene,fructose 1,6-[1-32P]diphosphate. Terms such as'131I-labelled albumin' should not be contracted to'[1311]albumin' (since native albumin does not con-tain iodine), and '14C-labelled amino acids' shouldsimilarly not be written as '[14C]amino acids' (sincethere is no carbon in the amino group).

1972

12


When isotopes of more than one element areintroduced, their symbols are arranged in alpha-betical order, including 2H and 3H for deuterium andtritium respectively.When not sufficiently distinguished by the fore-

going means, the positions of isotopic labelling areindicated by Arabic numerals, Greek letters, orprefixes (as appropriate), placed within the squarebrackets and before the symbol of the elementconcerned, to which they are attached by a hyphen;examples are [1-2H1]ethanol (CH3-CH2H-OH),[1-14C]aniline, L-[2-14C]leucine (or L-[oC-14C]-leucine), [carboxy-14C]leucine, [Me-14C]isoleucine,[2,3-14C2]maleic anhydride, [6,7-14C2]xanthopterin,[3,4_13C2,355]methionine, [1-14C,2-13C]acetaldehyde,[3-14C,2,3-2H2,1 5N]serine.The same rules apply when the labelled compound

is designated by a standard abbreviation or symbol,other than the atomic symbol, e.g. [y-32P]ATP.For simple molecules, however, it is often sufficient

to indicate the labelling by writing the chemicalformulae, e.g. 14C02, H2180, 2H20 (not D20),H235SO4, with the prefix superscripts attached to theproper atomic symbols in the formulae. The squarebrackets are not to be used in these circumstances, norwhen the isotopic symbol is attached to a word that isnot a chemical name, abbreviation or symbol (e.g.3'11-labelled).Naming compounds. All chemical names are run

together except for those of acids, acetals, esters,

ethers, glycosides, ketones and salts, which areprinted as separate words: hyphens are used toseparate numbers, Greek letters or some con-figurational and italic prefixes from words, e.g.m-dinitrobenzene, pfl-dimethyl-D-cysteine, 2-p-isopropylphenylheptane, ethyl methyl ketone(butan-2-one).

Optically active isomers. Names of chiral com-pounds whose absolute configuration is known maybe differentiated by the prefixes R- and S- [see IUPACInformation Bulletin no. 35 (1969) pp. 36-79; alsoBiochim. Biophys. Acta (1970) 208, 1-4]. When thecompounds can be correlated sterically with glycer-aldehyde, serine or other standard accepted for aspecialized class of compound, small capital lettersD-, L- and DL- may be used for chiral compounds andtheir racemates. Where the direction of opticalrotation is all that can be specified, (+)-, (-)- and(±)-, or dextro, laevo and 'optically inactive', areused.

Prefixes. Italics are used for certain prefixes, e.g.n-, cis-, trans-, o-, m-, p-, dextro, laevo, meso, and alsofor 0-, N- etc. to indicate an element carrying asubstituent, e.g. N4-acetylsulphanilamide. Italics arenot used for allo, bis, cyclo, epi, iso, neo, nor, s- (notsec.-), t- (not tert.-), tris.An alphabetical order will be followed for prefixes

denoting substituents. Syllables indicating multiplesubstituents, e.g. di-, tri-, do not count in decidingthe order.

ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS, CONVENTIONSAND DEFINITIONS

This list includes accepted symbols and abbreviations and also serves as an index;definitions are included that may be of help to authors. The abbreviations for the wordsmarked with an asterisk must be defined. See also the lists of relevant documents(pp. 9 and 12).

abbreviations . . . . pp. 9-10

absorbance. . . . . log(IO/I) (p. 8)

acceleration due to gravity(981 cm. S-2) . . . . g (see p. 4)

*adenosine triphosphatase ATPase

adenosine 5'-phosphate . AMP

adenosine 5'-pyrophos-phate . . . . . . ADP

adenosine 5'-triphosphate ATP; the three phos-phorus atoms are dis-tinguished as cx, ,B andy, thus: adenosine-pap_p

alternating current . a.c.

amino acids, symbols for . p. 10

2-amino-2-hydroxy-methylpropane-1,3-diol

ampere.

angstrom (10-10m=10-1nm) .

approximately

aqueous .

ascorbic acid

tris

. . Aapprox. (or use about,not c. or ca.)

. aq.

. alternative permittedvitamin C

Vol. 126

13


atmosphere (101325N * m-2)

atomic weightatto (10-18 x)barn (10-28M2).

boiling point

buffers

calciferol

calculated

tcalorie, I.T. (4.1868J)

tcalorie, thermochemica](4.184J)

candela

capric acid .

caproic acid

caproyl

capryl, caprinoyl

caprylic acid

caprylyl, capryloyl .

carbobenzoxy

carboxymethylcellulose

catalytic-centre activity

centi (10-2 x)

centimetre

centimetre gram(me)second.

centrifuging

chromatography

cocarboxylase

coefficient of variation

coenzyme A and its acderivatives

compare

atmat.wt.

a (prefix)b

b.p.

p.8

use ergocalciferol,alternative permittedvitamin D2

calc.

calIT

cal(thermochem.)

cd

use decanoic acid

use hexanoic acid

use hexanoyl

use decanoyl

use octanoic acid

use octanoyl

use benzyloxycarbonyl

CM-cellulose

number ofmolecules ofsubstratetransformed/min per catalyticcentre

c (prefix)cm

c.g.s.

p.4

pp. 4-5

use thiamin pyrophos-phate

standard deviation/mean value (see p. 8)

-ylCoA and acyl-CoA

cf.

concentrated

concentration

concentration (symbol,e.g. in specific rotation)

constant, equilibrium

constant, velocity

corrected (e.g. m.p. foremergent stem)

coulomb (A * s)

counts/min, counts/s

crystalline, crystallized

cubic

curie (3.7 x 1010 s-')

cycles per second

cytidine 5'-phosphate

cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate

cytidine 5'-triphosphate

data, deposition of

deci (10-1 x)

decomposition (m.p.)

degrees Celsius (t/°C=T/°K-273.15)

degrees Kelvin.

deka (IO x)

deoxy (prefix)

deoxyribonucleic acid.

deoxyribonucleosides,abbreviations for .

dialysable

dialysate

diethylaminoethylcellulosediffusion coefficient

dilute

conc.

concn.

c

K

k

corr.

C

c.p.m., c.p.s.

cryst.

cu. or as e.g. mm3

ci

Hz

CMP

CDP

CTP

p.5

d (prefix)

decomp.

°C

°K (preferred to SIrecommended symbolK for kelvin)

da (prefix)

not desoxy

DNA

p. 10

not permitted; usediffusible (see p. 5)

not used; for diffusiblematerial use diffusate(see p. 5)DEAE-celluloseD, DI, D2o0, etc. (asfor sedimentation co-efficient) (see p. 4)

dil.

t The symbol 'cal' may be used where the degree of accuracy does not justify distinction between callT andcal(thermochem.).

1972

14


5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl- .

2,4-dinitrophenyl-

direct current

disintegrations/min,disintegrations/s

dissociation constant,minus log of

disulphide group

dithionite (sodium)

dry ice

dyne (1O-N)

electrode potential,standard

electrode potential,standard at given pH

electromotive force

electronvolt ('1.6021 x10-19J).

electrophoretic mobility(M2 .s-I .V_1) ..

elementary analyses

enzyme units

equation

equivalent (weight)erg (10-7J) .

ethanol, ethanolic

ethylenediaminetetra-acetate.

Experiment (withreference numeral)

extinction

farad (A2 *s4 -kg-' .m-2=A-s-V-1)

Faraday (quantity ofelectricity associated witlg-equiv. of chemicalchange)

fatty acids

femto (10-15 x) .

Vol. 126

Dns-

Dnp-

d.c.

d.p.m., d.p.s.

pK

alternative permittedS-S

Na2S204, not hydro-sulphite, hyposulphite

use solid CO2

dyn

.Eo

Eo'e.m.f.

eV

m (see p. 5)

p.12

p.6

eqn.

equiv.

erg

not ethyl alcohol, notalcoholic

EDTA

Expt.; pl. Expts.

log (lolI) (p. 8)

.F

th

.F

p. 12

f (prefix)

Figure (with referencenumeral)

figures, preparation of

flavin-adenine dinucleo-tide

flavin mononucleotidefoot (0.3038m) .

foot-candle (10.76391x)formulae

free energy (Gibbs)frictional coefficient(molar)

frictional coefficient(molar) for sphere ofsame volume

gas constant per mole .

gas-liquid chromato-graphy .

gauss (104T)giga (109 x) .

glutathione, oxidizedglutathione, reducedoc-glycerophosphate

glyoxaline

gram(me).gram(me)-atom

gram(me)-equivalentgram(me)-moleculegravitational field, unit of(in centrifuging)(981cm.s-2)

guanosine 5'-phosphate

guanosine 5'-pyrophos-phate

guanosine 5'-triphosphate

haem, protohaem .

haematin, protohaematin.

haemochromogen

Fig.; pl. Figs.pp. 5-6

FAD

FMNft

ft-candle

p. 12

G

f

foR

g.l.c.G

G (prefix)GSSG

GSH

use L-3-glycerophos-phate when the con-figuration is to bespecified

not used; use imidazole

gmol or g-atom

mol or g-equiv.mol

g (see p. 4)GMP

GDP

GTP

prosthetic group ofhaemoglobin

oxidized haem

haem+base or haem+denatured protein

15


hecto (102 x)

hertz (s-1)

hour (3600s)

hydrogen ion concen-tration, minus log of

hydroquinone

hydrosulphite,hyposulphite

illustrations

imidazole

inch (2.54 x 10-2m)

infrared .

inhibitor constant

inosine 5'-phosphate

inosine 5'-pyrophosphate

inosine 5'-triphosphate

insoluble

international unit

ionic strength

ions

isoenzyme

soelectric point (the pHwhich a molecule has neffective charge)

h (prefix)

. Hz

.h

pH, plural pH values

use quinol

not used, see dithionite

. pp.5-6

glyoxaline not used (notiminazole)

. in

. i.r.

. K, (dissociation con-stant of inhibitor-enzyme complex)

. IMP

. IDP

. ITP

. insol.

i.u.

p. 12

not isozyme

I at0. pI

isotonic .specify composition ofsolution, e.g. use 0.9%NaCl solution

isotopically labelledcompounds . . . . pp. 12-13

joule (kg m2s2) .S2)Jkelvin .see degrees Kelvin

kephalin .use amino phospho-lipids

ketoacid .keto used only generic-ally, otherwise oxo

keto sugars . use pentulose, hexuloseetc., not ketopentose,ketohexose etc.

kilo (103 x). k (prefix)

kilogram(me)

Krebs-Ringer solution

light petroleum

lipid.

litre (10-3m3=dm3)

logarithm (base 10)

logarithm (base e)

lumen (cd -sr)

lux (cd * sr im-2)

maximum

median effective dose

median lethal dose.

mega (106 x)

melting point

metabolic quotients

methanol, methanolic.

metre

Michaelis constant

micro (10-6 x)

microgram(me).

microgram(me)-atom

micromicro (10-12 x)

micromole

micron (10-6m)

milliequivalent

millilitre.

millimetre of mercury(conventional) pressure(13.5951 x 980.665 x10-2N m-2) .

millimicro (10-9 x) .

millimicron (I10-9m)

kg

reference to be given

not petroleum ether:boiling range to bestated

not lipide, lipin, lipoid

I; where there is thepossibility of con-fusion between thenumeral '1' and theletter '', 'litre' shouldbe written in full

log

ln

.Im

lx

max.

ED50

LD50

M (prefix)

m.p.

p.6

not methyl alcohol

m

Km (see p. 6)

,u (prefix)

,umol or ,ug-atom; notptatomp (prefix); not ,uu

,umol; not /.M,um; not ,u

mmol or mequiv.

ml

mmHg

n (prefix); not mu

nm; not m,u

1972

16


tmillimolar (concentra-tion)

millimole

minimum

minute (60s)

tmolar (concentration)

mole

molecular weight

nano (10-9 x)

newton (kg m*s-2=J.m-1)

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide, oxidized

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide, reduced

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide phosphate

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide phosphate,oxidized

nicotinamide-adeninedinucleotide phosphate,reduced

nicotinamide mono-nucleotide .

normal temperature andpressure

nuclear magneticresonance

nucleotides (symbols for)

number (in enumerations)

observed

ohm (M2 *kg . -.A-2=V A-1)

optical rotation.

t Separated by a hypilM-NaOH; lM-sulphuric;

Vol. 126

mM or mmol/l

mmol; not mM

mm.

min

M or mol/l

mol

mol.wt.

n (prefix)

N

NAD

NAD+ preferred

NADH preferred

NADP

NADP+ preferred

NADPH preferred

NMN

not used; use standardtemperature and pres-sure

n.m.r.

pp. 10-11

no.

optically active isomers

orthophosphate(inorganic)

osmolar

page, pages.

partial specific volume.partition coefficient(dimensionless)

parts per millionper

per cent .

petroleum ether

phosphatide

phosphoglyceryl

pico (10-12 x)

poise (10-' kg . m-l s-1)potential difference

precipitate .

preparation .

probability of an evenibeing due to chance aloi

pyridoxine, pyridoxal .

molecular optical rota-tion (= [oc]' x mol.wt.),e.g. [MID0, [M]5461. Ifa different value, e.g.[0C]' x mol.wt./100, isused, this should bestated

p.13

Pi

the concentration pro-ducing an osmoticpressure equal to thatof a molar solution ofa perfect solute

p.,pp.

a or KD

.p.p.m.

0/

not used (see lightpetroleum)

use phospholipid

not allowed; see a-glycerophosphatep (prefix)

.P

p.d.

ppt.

prep.

t'sne P

vitamin B6 permitted[see Biochem. J. (1970)119, 1-4]

obs. pyrophosphate(inorganic) . . . . PPi

quinol .not hydroquinone

specific optical rotation rad (radiation dose of

(with concn. Ilg/ml, energy 100 erg=10-'J ab-

light-path 10cm), e.g. sorbed/g of material) . rd[la]D0, [OC]5461 radian.. rad

hen (and no full stop) from a chemical formula or name following it, e.g. lM-NaCl;acid.

17


recrystallized .... recryst.

references .pp. 7-8

refractive index . . . n; at stated tempera-ture and wavelengthrepresent as, e.g., nD0

relative band speed (par-tition chromatography) . R, RF, RX (see p. 4);

plural R values etc.

reprints. . p. 2

*respiratory quotient . . R.Q.

revolutions . rev.

rev./min . not r.p.m.; use g wherepossible (see p. 4)

riboflavin .vitamin B2 permitted

ribonucleic acid . . . RNA

ribonucleosides,abbreviations for. . . p. 10

rontgen (amount ofradiation producing2.083 x 1019 ion pairs/cm3of air at s.t.p.). . . . R

second (time) . . . . s

sedimentation coefficient . s; not sedimentationconstant (see p. 4)

sedimentation coefficientcorrected to 20°C in water S20,,; s20 may be used if

it is unambiguous (seep.4)

sedimentation coefficientat zero concentration. . s°, soo, etc. (see p. 4)

soluble.. . sol.

solution ... soln.

solutions, concentration of p. 8

solvent systems . . . e.g. butanol - acetic

species (sing. and pl.)

specific gravity.

square.

standard deviation.

standard error ofestimate of mean value

acid- water (4:1:1, byvol.), butanol - aceticacid (4:1, v/v)

sp., spp.

. sp.gr.

sq. or as e.g. cm2

S.D. 1

see p. 8

S.E.M.

standard temperature anpressure

statistical treatments

steradian

substituents (variable, iorganic compounds)

substrate constant .

sugars (symbols for)

sulphydryl

sum.

Svedberg unit (10-13 s).

tables (preparation of).

temperature

tera (1012 x).

tesla (kgsS-2 -A-1=V.s m-2)thiamin.

thin-layer chromatograph;

time (symbol)

tocopherol

torr [(101325/760) *N *m-2

trichloroacetic acid

triethylaminoethylcellulos

turnover number

ultracentrifuge data

ultraviolet

uncorrected (e.g. m.p. foemergent stem)

uridine 5'-phosphate

uridine 5'-pyrophosphateuridine 5'-triphosphate

variety (e.g. botanical).

velocity (symbol) . .

s.t.p.

p.8

sr

inR, R', R", or R1, R2,R3, R4 (if more thanthree) (see p. 12)

K. (dissociation con-stant of substrate-enzyme complex)

p.11

use thiol or SH

E or S (see p. 8)

S (see p. 4)

p.9

(abbreviation) temp.;(symbol) t (empirical),T (absolute)

T (prefix)

T

vitamin B1 permitted

y t.l.c.

t

vitamin E permitted

TTorr

TCA not used

e TEAE-cellulose

(ofan enzyme) not used;see catalytic-centreactivity

p.4

u.v.

uncorr.

UMP

UDP

UTP

var.

v

1972

18


veronal.

viscosity, relative

viscosity, specific

viscosity, reduced .

viscosity, intrinsic .

volt (m2 - kg s-3 A-'=J-A-1 *s-l)

volume (abbrev. afternumber) .

. used only for buffermixtures; otherwiseuse 5,5'-diethyl-barbituric acid

** 77rel.(viscosity of solution\viscosity of solventJ

* 7sp. (i.e. 77rel.-1 )

** 7p./c (units: ml/g)* [7], i.e. limc,o 27sp./c

. vol.

v/v

watt (m2 -kg s-3=J s-1)wavelength .

wavelength of D line ofsodium (other wave-lengths in A)wavenumber (unit).

weightxanthosine 5'-phosphate

xanthosine 5'-pyrophos-phate

xanthosine 5'-triphosphate

used only for two com-ponents; by vol. usedfor three or morecomponentswA

D (as subscript)cm1lwt.XMP

XDPXTP

Vol. 126

19

the biochemical society biochemical journal january 1972 volume126, no. 1 editorial board chairman...

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