the big world of microorganisms
DESCRIPTION
The big world of microorganisms, nitrogen cycle, what are microorganisms, types of microorganismsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE BIG WORLD OF
![Page 2: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
TOPIC AT GLANCE…
What are microorganisms???
Where are microorganisms found???
What are various groups of microorganisms???
How are microorganisms both beneficial and harmful to
us???
How does food go bad???
What are the common methods of preserving food???
What is the role of various microorganisms in nitrogen
cycle in nature???
![Page 3: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHAT ARE MICROORGANISMS???
“Microorganisms” is derived from Greek words
micros (small) and organismos (organisms).
They are too small and can be seen with the help of
microscope.
Also called as microbes.
They can be unicellular (single-celled) as well as
multicellular (multi-celled).
The study of microorganisms is known as
microbiology.
![Page 4: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WHERE ARE THEY PRESENT???
They are found everywhere– in water, in soil and in air.
Dessert soil lack them because of hot and dry climate but found near roots of plants and dead leaves.
They have heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Parasitic microorganism causing diseases in host are known as pathogens.
![Page 5: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF MICROORGANISMS
Bacteria
Algae
Protozoa
Fungi
![Page 6: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BACTERIA
Simplest unicellular organisms.
Exist singly or in chains or groups.
A thick outer wall (spore)help them to survive in unfavourable conditions.
Three types of bacteria:
Bacillus (rod-shaped)
Coccus (spherical-shaped)
Spirillus (spiral-shaped)
![Page 7: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ALGAE
Plant-like organisms having cell walls.
Contains chlorophyll, therefore, can make food through photosynthesis.
Autotrophs but lack roots, stem and leaves.
They can be unicellular or multicellular.
Seaweeds are largest algae.
They are found in water bodies and moist places.
![Page 8: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PROTOZOA
It means first animal.
They are unicellular organisms.
Exist in water and soil.
They have various locomotory organs like pseudopodia, cilia and flagella.
They digest their food in compartments called vacuoles.
![Page 9: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FUNGI
They have saprophytic
mode of nutrition.
They obtain nutrients fro
dead and decaying
organic matter.
Examples:
Mushroom (Agaricus)
Moulds (Rhizopus)
Yeast (Unicellular Fungi)
![Page 10: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
VIRUS
Virus means poison in Latin.
They can be helpful as well as harmful.
They are the link between living and non-living.
They are alive only when it enters cells of a living
plant or animal energy of the host cell to remain
alive.
![Page 11: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FRIENDLY MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms play vital role in our lives.
Ways in which they are beneficial to us:
In decomposition and recycling
In increasing soil fertility
In food chains
In food-making processes
In water treatment plants
In production of energy-giving fuels
For making antibiotics
For making vaccines
In science and technological fields
![Page 12: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
Microorganisms more than the harm the y cause to us than for their uses.
Microorganisms causing diseases are called pathogens.
They make their way into our body through the following ways:Through air
Through food and water
Through direct contact
Through carriers
Through cuts and wounds on skins
![Page 13: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FOOD PRESERVATION
The process of treatment food to slow down or to
stop the growth of microorganisms that spoil food is
known as food preservation.
Food spoilage by microorganisms is a disagreeable
change in food.
Common methods of food preservation:
Using natural preservatives (salt)
Using food grade chemical preservation (heating)
By refrigeration and freezing (pasteurization)
By drying and dehydration (canning)
![Page 15: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
NITROGEN CYCLE
Nitrogen cycle is a cycle in which atmospheric
nitrogen is converted from its gaseous form into
usable form and returned to the atmosphere
through stages that involves microorganisms.
![Page 16: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
STAGES OF NITROGEN CYCLE
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen assimilation
Ammonification
Nitrification
Denitrification
![Page 17: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
OVERVIEW
![Page 18: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: The big world of microorganisms](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022052623/559c760d1a28ab12448b45f9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THANK YOU
Made by:
Rahul Chawla
VIII B