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Big Book of World CurrenciesA Children’s Guide to Money from Countries Around the World

Lamont Clark

Published by 70 West Press

Copyright 2014 Lamont Clark

Smashwords Edition

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Foreword

For my sons, nephew, and nieces, make learning a lifelong process

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Table of Contents

IntroductionAlbania

ArgentinaArmeniaAruba

AustraliaThe Bahamas

BahrainBangladeshBarbadosBermudaBhutanBolivia

BotswanaBrazilBrunei

BulgariaBurma

BurundiCambodia

CanadaCayman Islands

Central African RepublicChile

People's Republic of China ColombiaComoros

Cook IslandsCosta Rica

CroatiaCuba

Czech RepublicDenmarkDjibouti

Dominican RepublicOrganization of the Eastern Caribbean States

EgyptEthiopia

Institutions of the European Union Faroe Islands

Fiji

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French PolynesiaThe Gambia

GeorgiaGhana

GuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuyana

HaitiHonduras

Hong KongHungaryIcelandIndia

IndonesiaIranIraq

IsraelJamaicaJapanJerseyJordan

KazakhstanKenyaKuwait

Kyrgyz RepublicLaos

LatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibya

LithuaniaMacau

Republic of MacedoniaMadagascar

MalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMexico

MoldovaMongoliaMorocco

MozambiqueNagorno-Karabakh Republic

Namibia

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NepalNew Zealand

NicaraguaNigeria

North KoreaNorwayOman

PakistanPanama

Papua New GuineaParaguay

PeruPhilippines

PolandQatar

RomaniaRussia

RwandaEl Salvador

SamoaSao Tome and Príncipe

Saudi ArabiaSerbia

SeychellesSierra Leone

SingaporeSolomon Islands

SomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Korea

Republic of South SudanSri Lanka

SudanSurinameSwazilandSweden

SwitzerlandSyria

TaiwanTanzaniaThailandTunisiaTurkeyUkraine

United Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom

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United StatesUruguayVanuatu

VenezuelaVietnamZambia

ZimbabweAbout the Author

Other Books by the Author

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Introduction

“Money” is something that is used to pay for goods or services. “Currency” is a specific kind of money that a country uses. The history of money goes back many centuries ago. But even before money was used, people would “barter” or trade things.

The use of barter-like methods may date back to at least 100,000 years ago. Non-monetary societies (countries that did not use money) operated largely along the principles of gift economics (giving gifts for products or services) and debt (something was owed to the person who provided a product or service). When barter did in fact occur, it was usually between either complete strangers or potential enemies.

Many cultures around the world eventually developed the use of commodity money. The “shekel” was originally a unit of weight, and referred to a specific weight of barley, which was used as currency. The first usage of the term came from Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC. Societies in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia used shell money– often, the shells of the cowry. According to Herodotus, the Lydians were the first people to introduce the use of gold and silver coins. It is thought by modern scholars that these first stamped coins were minted around 650–600 BC.

The system of commodity money eventually evolved into a system of representative money. This occurred because gold and silver merchants or banks would issue receipts to their depositors – redeemable for the commodity money deposited. Eventually, these receipts became generally accepted as a means of payment and were used as money. Paper money or banknotes were first used in China during the Song Dynasty. These banknotes, known as "jiaozi", evolved from promissory notes that had been used since the 7th century. However, they did not displace commodity money, and were used alongside coins.

In this book you will see the names and pictures of different currencies from countries all over the world. You may notice that the person who has her picture on the most currencies is Queen Elizabeth II. She appears on currencies called the “Pound Sterling” or “Pound” for short.

The pound is a unit of currency in some nations. The term originated in Great Britain as the value of a pound (weight) of silver. The pound sterling is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory and Tristan da Cunha. It is subdivided into 100 pence (singular: penny). A number of nations that do not use sterling also have currencies called the pound.

Another popular name for some currencies is the “Dinar” or “Denar”. The official currencies of nine countries are known as the dinar or denar. The history of the dinar dates to the gold dinar, an early Islamic coin corresponding to the Byzantine denarius auri. The modern gold dinar is a modern bullion gold coin.

Finally, you will notice that the “Dollar” is a popular name for currencies. Dollar (often represented by the peso and dollar sign $) is the name of several currencies,

including those of Australia, Belize, Brunei, Canada, Hong Kong, Namibia, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, the United States, and previously Zimbabwe. The U.S. dollar is the official currency of East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, Federated States of Micronesia, Marshall Islands, Palau, and for banknotes, Panama. Generally, one dollar is divided into one hundred cents.

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On 15 January 1520, the kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins from silver mined locally in Joachimsthal. The coins were called "Joachimsthaler," which became shortened in common usage to thaler or taler. The German name Joachimsthal literally means Joachim's valley or Joachim's dale. This name found its way into other languages: Czech tolar, Hungarian tallér, Danish and Norwegian (rigs) daler, Swedish (riks) daler, Icelandic dalur, Dutch (rijks) daalder or daler, Ethiopian "talari", Italian tallero, Flemish daelder, Polish Talar, Persian Dare, as well as - via Dutch - into English as dollar.

We’ve also provide a few tidbits about some of the pictures you will see on the currency, but we really hope you use this as an opportunity to do further research for those countries who’s currency you find interesting.

Please enjoy!

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Albania

The Lek

King Gentius

The lek is the official currency of Albania. It is subdivided into 100qindarka, although qindarka are no longer issued.

Gentius was the last Illyrian king of the Ardiaean State.

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Argentina

The Peso

Eva Peron

Ara Pacis

The peso (originally established as the peso convertible) is the currency of Argentina, identified by the symbol $ preceding the amount in the same way as many other countries which are using dollar currencies.

Eva Peron, the First Lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death in 1952. She is usually referred to as Eva Peron or by the affectionate Spanish language diminutive Evita.

The Ara Pacis Augustae is an altar to Peace, the Roman goddess.

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Armenia

The Dram

Abgar V of Edessa

The dram is the monetary unit of Armenia. It is subdivided into 100 luma. The word "dram" translates into English as "money" and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham.

Abgar V the Black or Abgarus V of Edessa AD 13–50 was a historical Syriac ruler of the kingdom of Osroene.

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Aruba

The Florin

The florin is the currency of Aruba. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The florin was introduced in 1986, replacing the Netherlands Antillean guilder.

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Australia

The Australian Dollar

General Sir John Monash

The Australian dollar is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. Within Australia it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with A$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

General Sir John Monash (1865–1931) is a distinguished soldier, engineer and administrator.

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The Bahamas

The Dollar

Sir Lynden O. Pindling

The dollar has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign$, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

The Right Honorable Sir Lynden Oscar Pindling (22 March 1930 – 26 August 2000) is regarded as the "Father of the Nation" of the Bahamas, having led it to Majority Rule on 10 January 1967 and to independence on 10 July 1973.

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Bahrain

The Dinar

Galloping Arabian Horses and the Sail and Pearl monument

The dinar is the currency of Bahrain. It is divided into 1000 fils. The name dinar derives from the Roman denarius. The dinar was introduced in 1965, replacing the Gulf rupee.

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Bangladesh

The Taka

Curzon Hall

The Taka is the currency of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of the country, controls the issuance of the currency, except one taka and two taka notes, which are the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance of the government of Bangladesh. One taka is subdivided into 100 poisha.

Curzon Hall is part of the school of science of the University of Dhaka. With its significance in education during the post-independence era of Bangladesh as well as afterwards, it has become an emblem of educational tradition of the country.

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Barbados

The Dollar

The dollar has been the currency of Barbados since 1935. The present dollar is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign "$" or, alternatively, "Bds$" to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

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Bermuda

The Dollar

Bluebird; Dockyard Clock Tower and statue of Neptune

The dollar is the currency of Bermuda. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $ or, alternatively, BD$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

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Bhutan

The Ngultrum

DragonsSimtokha Dzong

The ngultrum has been the currency of Bhutan since 1974. It is subdivided into 100 chhertum (called chetrums on coins until 1979).

Simtokha Dzong is an important historical monument and former Buddhist monastery, today it houses one of the premier Dzongkha language learning institutes.

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Bolivia

The Boliviano

Tiahuanaco

The boliviano is the currency of Bolivia. It is divided into 100 cents or centavos in Spanish. Tiwanaku is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, South America.

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Botswana

The Pula

President Seretse Khama Ian Khama

The pula is the currency of Botswana. It is subdivided into 100 thebe. Pula literally means "rain" in Setswana, because rain is very scarce in Botswana, home to much of the Kalahari Desert, and therefore valuable. Pula also means "blessing" as rain is considered a blessing. Thebe means "shield".

Seretse Khama Ian Khama (or Ian a Seretse; born 27 February 1953) is a Botswana politician who has been the President of Botswana since 2008; he is also the Paramount Chief of the Bamangwato tribe.

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Brazil

The Real

The Republic's Effigy, portrayed as a bust

The real is the present-day currency of Brazil. It is subdivided into 100 centavos ("hundredths").

The effigy is a representation of a young woman wearing a crown of bay leaves in Roman style.

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Brunei

The Brunei Dollar

Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III

The Brunei dollar has been the currency of the Sultanate of Brunei since 1967. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-dominated currencies, It is divided into 100 sen (Malay) or cents (English).

Omar Ali Saifuddien III, (born Al-Marhum Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Maulana Paduka Seri Begawan Sultan Haji Sir Omar Ali Saifuddien Sa'adul Khairi Waddien III, 23 September 1914 – 7 September 1986) was the 28th Paramount Ruler and Sultan of Brunei who ruled from 4 June 1950 until his abdication from the throne on 4 October 1967.

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Bulgaria

The Lev

Saint Paisius of Hilendar

The lev is the currency of Bulgaria. It is divided in 100 stotinki. In archaic Bulgarian the word "lev" meant "lion", a word which in the modern language became lav. Saint Paisius of Hilendar or Paìsiy Hilendàrski (1722–1773) was a Bulgarian clergyman and a key Bulgarian National Revival figure.

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Burma (Myanmar)

The Kyat

Chinthe

The kyat is the currency of Burma (Myanmar). It is often abbreviated as "K" (singular or plural) or "Ks" (plural), which is placed before or after the numerical value, depending on author preference.

The Chinthe is a leogryph (lion-like creature) that is often seen at the entrances of pagodasand temples in Burma and other Southeast Asian countries. The chinthe is featured prominently on the kyat, the currency of Burma. The chinthe is almost always depicted in pairs, and serve to protect the pagoda.

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Burundi

The Franc

The franc is the currency of Burundi. It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, although coins have never been issued in centimes since Burundi began issuing its own currency. Only during the period when Burundi used the Belgian Congo franc were centime coins issued.

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Cambodia

The Riel

Southern Gate at BayonPort of Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville)

The riel is the currency of Cambodia. There have been two distinct riel, the first issued between 1953 and May 1975. Between 1975 and 1980, the country had no monetary system. A second currency, also named "riel", has been issued since April 1, 1980. However, this currency has never gained much public acceptance, with most Cambodians preferring foreign currency.

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Canada

The Canadian Dollar

Sir Robert Laird Borden

The Canadian dollar is the currency of Canada. As of 2012, the Canadian dollar is the 6th most traded currency in the world. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

Sir Robert Laird Borden, (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada

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Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands Dollar

Coat of arms of the Cayman Islands; Queen Elizabeth IIAngel fish; map of the Cayman Islands

The Cayman Islands Dollar is the currency of the Cayman Islands. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively CI$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

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Central African

The Central African CFA Franc

The Central African CFA franc is the currency of six independent states in central Africa, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. CFA stands for Coopération financiere en Afrique central ("Financial Cooperation in Central Africa"). It is issued by the BEAC (Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale, "Bank of the Central African States"), located in Yaounde, Cameroon, for the members of the CEMAC (Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l'Afrique Centrale, "Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa"). The franc is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes but no centime denominations have been issued.

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Chile

The Peso

Gabriela Mistral

The peso is the currency of Chile. The current peso has circulated since 1975, with a previous version circulating between 1817 and 1960. The symbol used locally for it is $. It is subdivided into 100 centavos, although no centavo denominated coins remain in circulation.

Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) was the pseudonym of Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, a Chilean poet, educator, diplomat, and feminist who was the first Latin American (and, so far, the only Latin American woman) to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1945

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People's Republic of China

The Renminbi

Mao Zedong

The renminbi is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong, Taiwan, or Macau. The primary unit of renminbi is the yuan. One yuan is subdivided into 10 jiao, which in turn is subdivided into 10 fen.

Mao Zedong, also transliterated as Mao Tse-tung, and commonly referred to as Chairman Mao (December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976), was a Chinese communist revolutionary, politician and socio-political theorist. The founding father of the People's Republic of China from its establishment in 1949, he governed the country as Chairman of the Communist Party of China until his death.

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Colombia

The Peso

Policarpa Salavarrieta

The peso is the currency of Colombia. The official peso symbol is $.Policarpa Salavarrieta (c. 1795 – 14 November 1817), also known as La Pola, was a

Neogranadine seamstress who spied for the Revolutionary Forces during the Spanish Reconquista of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. She is now considered a heroine of the independence of Colombia.

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Comoros

The Franc

The franc is the official currency of Comoros. It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, although no centime denominations have ever been issued.

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Cook Islands

The Dollar

The dollar is the currency of the Cook Islands. The dollar is subdivided into 100 cents, although some 50 cent coins carry the denomination as "50 tene".

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Costa Rica

The Colon

Maria Isabel Carvajal (alias Carmen Lyra); outline of Costa Rica, rabbit stroking a wolf - from Lyra's "Cuentos De Mi Tía Panchita" (Tales of My Aunt Panchita)

The colon (named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristobal Colon in Spanish) is the currency of Costa Rica.

Carmen Lyra (January 15, 1887, San Jose, Costa Rica – May 13, 1949) was the pseudonym of the first prominent female Costa Rican writer, born Maria Isabel Carvajal. She was politically active in the Communist Party of Costa Rica, and was one of the earliest writers to criticize the dominance of the fruit companies.

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Croatia

The Kuna

Ban Ivan Mazuranic and the Baska tablet

The kuna is the currency of Croatia since 1994. It is subdivided into 100 lipa.Ivan Mazuranic (11 August 1814 – 4 August 1890) was a Croatian poet, linguist and politician,

probably the most important figure in Croatia's cultural life in the mid-19th century.Baska tablet (Croatian: Bascanska ploca) is one of the first monuments containing an

inscription in the Croatian language, dating from the year 1100.

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Cuba

The Peso

Ernesto Rafael Guevara Lynch de la Serna

The peso (sometimes called the "national peso" or in Spanish moneda nacional) is one of two official currencies in use in Cuba, the other being the convertible peso (occasionally referred to as "dollar" in spoken language). It is subdivided into 100 centavos.

Ernesto Rafael Guevara Lynch de la Serna ("Che" Guevara) Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14, 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as “el Che” or simply “Che”, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Koruna or Czech Crown

Tomas Garrigue Masaryk

The Czech koruna or Czech crown has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 8 February 1993 when, together with its Slovak counterpart, it replaced the Czechoslovak koruna at par.

Tomas Garrigue Masaryk sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English (7 March 1850 – 14 September 1937), was an Austrian-Czech politician, sociologist and philosopher, who as an eager advocate of Czechoslovak independence during World War I became the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia.

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Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands

The Krone

Great Belt Bridge

The krone has been the official currency of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands, since 1 January 1875. The currency is sometimes referred to as the Danish crown in English, since krone literally means crown. One krone is subdivided into 100 ore (singular and plural), the name deriving from the Latin aureus.

The Great Belt Fixed Link runs between the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen.

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Djibouti

The Franc

The franc is the currency of Djibouti.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Peso

Francisco del Rosario, Juan Pablo Duarte, Matias Ramon Mella

The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic. Its symbol is "$", with "RD$" used when distinction from other pesos (or dollars) is required. Each peso is divided into 100 centavos ("cents"), for which the ¢ symbol is used.

Francisco Del Rosario Sanchez (March 9, 1817 – July 4, 1861) was a politician and founding father of the Dominican Republic.

Juan Pablo Duarte y Diez (January 26, 1813 – July 15, 1876) is one of the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic.

Matias Ramon Mella, born 25 February 1816, is regarded as a national hero in the Dominican Republic.

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Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

The East Caribbean Dollar

Elizabeth II

The East Caribbean dollar is the currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (the one exception being the British Virgin Islands, which uses the United States dollar). It has existed since 1965, being the successor to the British West Indies dollar, and it is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $ or, alternatively, EC$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The EC$ is subdivided into 100 cents.

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states, known as the Commonwealth realms, and their territories and dependencies, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is Supreme Governor of the Church of England and, in some of her realms, carries the title of Defender of the Faith as part of her full title.

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Egypt

The Egyptian Pound

The sculpture of the Seated Scribe or Squatting Scribe

The Egyptian pound is the currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastre, or qirsh or 1,000 milliemes.

The sculpture of the Seated Scribe or Squatting Scribe is one of the most important examples of ancient Egyptian art. It represents a figure of a seated scribe at work.

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Ethiopia

The Birr

The birr is the unit of currency in Ethiopia. Before 1976, ‘dollar’ was the official English translation of birr.

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Institutions of the European Union

The Euro

The euro is the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union and is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also used in a further five European countries and consequently used daily by some 332 million Europeans. Additionally, more than 175 million people worldwide—including 150 million people in Africa—use currencies pegged to the euro.

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Faroe Islands

The Krona

The krona is the currency of the Faroe Islands. It is issued by the Danish National Bank. It is not an independent currency but a version of the Danish krone. The krona is subdivided into 100 oyru.

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Fiji

The Fijian Dollar

The Fijian dollar has been the currency of Fiji since 1969 and was also the currency between 1867 and 1873. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively FJ$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

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French Polynesia

The CFP Franc

The CFP franc (called the franc in everyday use) is the currency used in the French overseas collectivities of French Polynesia, New Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna.

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The Gambia

The Dalasi

The dalasi is the currency of the Gambia. It is subdivided into 100 bututs. The dalasi was adopted in 1971, it replaced the Gambian pound.

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Georgia

The Lari

Portrait of David IV

The lari is the currency of Georgia. It is divided into 100 tetri. The name lari is an old Georgian word denoting a hoard, property, while tetra is an old Georgian monetary term (meaning 'white') used in ancient Colchis from the 6th century BC.

David IV, also known as David, the Builder (1073 – 24 January 1125), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a king of Georgia from 1089 until his death in 1125.

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Ghana

The Ghana Cedi

The Big Six, Independence ArchAkosombo Dam

The Ghana cedi is the unit of currency of Ghana. The word cedi is derived from the Akan word for cowry shell (cowry shells were once used in Ghana as a form of currency). The new Ghana cedi was introduced on 1 July 2007. It was the highest-valued currency unit issued by sovereign countries in Africa in 2007.

The Big Six were six leaders of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC), the leading political party in the British colony of the Gold Coast.

The Akosombo Dam (also referred to as the Akosombo Hydroelectric Project), is a hydroelectric dam on the Volta River in southeastern Ghana in the Akosombo gorge and part of the Volta River Authority.

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Guatemala

The Quetzal

Tecun UmanTikal's Temple I

The quetzal is the currency of Guatemala. It is named after the national bird of Guatemala, the Resplendent Quetzal. In ancient Mayan culture, the quetzal bird's tail feathers were used as currency. It is divided into 100 cents, called centavos in standard Spanish or lenes in Guatemalan slang.

Tecun Uman, Prince and Commander-and-Chief of the Quiche Realm during the Spanish Conquest.

Tikal Temple I is the designation given to one of the major structures at Tikal, one of the largest cities and archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Mesoamerica.

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Guernsey

The Pound

Daniel De Lisle Brock

The pound is the currency of Guernsey. Since 1921, Guernsey has been in currency union with the United Kingdom and the Guernsey pound is not a separate currency but is a local issue of banknotes and coins denominated in pound sterling, in a similar way to the banknotes issued in Scotland and Northern Ireland. It can be exchanged at par with other sterling coinage and notes

Daniel De Lisle Brock, Bailiff of Guernsey 1762-1842, The Royal Court, St Peter Port, 1840

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Guinea

The Guinean Franc

The Guinean franc is the currency of Guinea.

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Guyana

The Guyanese Dollar

The Guyanese dollar has been the unit of account in Guyana (formerly British Guiana) since 29 January 1839.

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Haiti

The Gourde

Alexandre Sabes Petion

The gourde or goud is the currency of Haiti and it is divided into 100 centimes (French) or santim (Creole).

Alexandre Sabes Petion (President of Southern Haiti) is considered as one of Haiti's founding fathers, together with Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, and his rival Henri Christophe.

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Honduras

The Lempira

The Lempira is the currency of Honduras. It is subdivided into 100 centavos.

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Hong Kong

The Hong Kong Dollar

The Hong Kong dollar is the currency of Hong Kong. It is the eighth most traded currency in the world. The Hong Kong dollar is subdivided into 100 cents.

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Hungary

The Forint

The forint is the currency of Hungary. It is divided into 100 filler, although filler coins are no longer in circulation.

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Iceland

The Krona

Ragnheiour Jonsdottir

The krona (plural kronur) is the currency of Iceland. The krona was historically subdivided into 100 aurar but this subdivision is no longer used.

Ragnheiour Jonsdottir (1646–1715) was the daughter of the last Catholic Icelandic bishop of Holar Jon Arason and his wife Holmfriour Siguroardottir.

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Republic of India

The Indian Rupee

Mahatma Gandhi

The Indian rupee is the official currency of the Republic of India. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The modern rupee is subdivided into 100 paise, though as of 2011 only 50-paise coins are legal tender. Each banknote has its amount written in 17 languages.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

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Indonesia

The Rupiah

The rupiah is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia. Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ('silver' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen.

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Iran

The Rial

Ruhollah Khomeini

The rial is the currency of Iran and currently remains the world's least valued currency unit.Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi Khomeini (22 September 1902 – 3 June 1989) was an Iranian

religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, the highest ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death.

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Iraq

The Dinar

The dinar is the currency of Iraq. It is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and is subdivided into 1,000 fils, although inflation has rendered the fils obsolete.

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State of Israel

The Israeli New Shekel

Shaul Tchernichovsky; the poem Oh, My Land, My Homeland in microprinting; Citrus tree and its fruits in the background

The Israeli new shekel is the currency of the State of Israel. The shekel consists of 100 agorot.Shaul Tchernichovsky (20 August 1875 – 14 October 1943), was a Russian-born Hebrew poet.

He is considered one of the great Hebrew poets, identified with nature poetry, and as a poet greatly influenced by the culture of ancient Greece.

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Jamaica

The Dollar

The Right Excellent Nanny of the Maroons

The dollar has been the currency of Jamaica since 1969. It is often abbreviated "J$", the J serving to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

Queen Nanny or Nanny (c. 1685 – unknown, circa 1755), Jamaican National Hero, was a well-known leader of the Jamaican Maroons in the eighteenth century.

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Japan

The Japanese Yen

The Japanese yen is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar and the euro.

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Jersey

The Pound

St. Helier Parish Church

The pound is the currency of Jersey. Jersey is in currency union with the United Kingdom, and the Jersey pound is not a separate currency but is an issue of banknotes and coins by the States of Jersey denominated in pound sterling.

The Parish Church of St Helier is the parish church of the parish of Saint Helier, Jersey. It is one of the twelve 'Ancient Parish Churches' of Jersey, and serves as the Island's civic church and Pro-Cathedral.

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Jordan

The Dinar

Talal bin Abdullah

First Jordanian Parliament Building

The dinar is the currency of Jordan. The dinar is divided into 10 dirham, 100 qirsh (also called piastres) or 1000 fils.

Talal I bin Abdullah) 26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was King of Jordan from 20 July 1951 until forced to abdicate in favor of his son Hussein due to health reasons on August 1952.

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Kazakhstan

The Tenge

Astana Bayterek monument, Kazakhstan flag, Kazakhstan coat of arms, handprint with a signature of Nursultan Nazarbayev, fragments of the national anthem

The tenge is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiin. It was introduced on 15 November 1993 to replace the Soviet ruble.

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Kenya

The Shilling

President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta; Coat of arms of Kenya

The shilling is the currency of Kenya. It is divisible into 100 cents.Jomo Kenyattapron.(20 October 1893 – 22 August 1978) was the leader of Kenya from

independence in 1963 to his death in 1978, serving first as Prime Minister (1963-64) and President (1964-78). He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation.

The coat of arms of Kenya features two lions, a symbol of protection, holding spears and a traditional East African shield. The shield and spears symbolize unity and defense of freedom.

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Kuwait

The Dinar

Coat of arms of Kuwait Kuwait Towers/ Port Shuwaykh (Kuwait)

The dinar is the currency of Kuwait. It is sub-divided into 1,000 fils. It is the highest-valued currency unit in the world.

74

Kyrgyz Republic

The Som

Jusup Balasagyn /Takhti Sulaiman

Mount Sulaiman

The som is the currency of the Kyrgyz Republic in Central Asia. The som is sub-divided into 100 tyiyn

Yusuf Khass Hajib (Yusuf Kha� � �ajib Balasaguni) was an 11th-century Uyghur poet from the city of Balasaghun.

The Sulayman Mountain (also known as Taht-I-Suleiman, Sulayman Rock or Sulayman Throne) is the only World Heritage Site in the country of Kyrgyzstan. It is located in the city of Osh and was once a major place of Muslim and pre-Muslim pilgrimage.

75

Laos

The Kip

The kip is the currency of Laos since 1952. One kip is divided into 100 att

76

Latvia

The Lats

The lats (plural: lati) is the currency of Latvia. It is abbreviated as Ls. The lats is sub-divided into 100 santimi

77

Lebanon

The Lebanese Pound

The Lebanese pound is the currency unit of Lebanon. It is divided into 100 piastres but inflation has eliminated the subdivisions.

78

Kingdom of Lesotho

The Loti

The loti (plural: maloti) is the currency of the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is subdivided into 100 lisente.

79

Liberia

The Dollar

William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman

The dollar has been the currency of Liberia since 1943. It was also the country's currency between 1847 and 1907. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively L$ or LD$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

William Vacanarat Shadrach Tubman (November 29, 1895 – July 23, 1971) was a Liberian politician. He was the 19th President of Liberia from 1944 until his death in 1971. He is regarded as the "father of modern Liberia"

80

Libya

The Dinar

Al Ateeq mosque in Oujlah

The dinar is the currency of Libya. The dinar is subdivided into 1000 dirham.

81

Lithuania

The Lithuanian Litas

The Lithuanian litas, plural litai (nominative) or litų (genitive), is the currency of Lithuania. It is divided into 100 centų.

82

Macau

The Pataca

A-Ma Temple

The pataca is the currency of Macau. It is subdivided into 100 avos, with 10 avos called ho in Cantonese. The abbreviation MOP$ is commonly used.

83

Republic of Macedonia

The Denar

Fresco in the church St. Pantelejmon, Nerezi; Follis coinArchangel Gavril in the church St. Gorgi, Kurbinovo

The denar (plural: denari) is the currency of the Republic of Macedonia. It is subdivided into 100 deni.

84

Madagascar

The Ariary

The ariary is the currency of Madagascar. It is subdivided into 5 iraimbilanja and is one of only two non-decimal currencies currently circulating (the other is the Mauritanian ouguiya).

85

Malawi

The Kwacha

Reverend John Chilembwe

The kwacha is the currency of Malawi as of 1971, replacing the Malawian pound. It is divided into 100 tambala.

Reverend John Chilembwe (1871 – February 3, 1915) was a Baptist pastor and educator, who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. Today John Chilembwe is celebrated as a hero for independence, and John Chilembwe Day is observed annually on January 15 in Malawi.

86

Malaysia

The Malaysian Ringgit

Colonel Paduka Sri Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad

The Malaysian ringgit is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen (cents).Colonel Paduka Sri Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, (24 August

1895 – 1 April 1960) was the first Supreme Head of State or Supreme King (Yang di-Pertuan Agong) of the Federation of Malaya, eighth Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti and second Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan.

87

Maldives

The Rufiyaa

The rufiyaa is the currency of the Maldives. The rufiyaa is subdivided into 100 laari.

88

Mexico

The Peso

Benito Juarez

Monte Alban

89

The peso (sign: $) is the currency of Mexico. Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 15th–19th century Spanish dollar, most continuing to use its sign, "$". The Mexican peso is the 13th most traded currency in the world, the third most traded in the Americas, and the most traded currency in Latin America. The peso is subdivided into 100 centavos.

Benito Juarez (21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) born Benito Pablo Juarez Garcia, was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as the president of Mexico for five terms. He resisted the French occupation of Mexico, overthrew the Second Mexican Empire, restored the Republic, and used liberal efforts to modernize the country.

Monte Alban is a large pre-Columbian archaeological site in the Santa Cruz Xoxocotlan Municipality in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca.

90

Moldova

The Leu

Stephen III of Moldavia

The leu is the currency of Moldova. Like the Romanian leu, the Moldovan leu is subdivided into 100bani (singular: ban). The name of the currency originates in Romania and means "lion".

Stephen III of Moldavia (also known as Stefan the Great, 1433 – July 2, 1504) was Prince of Moldavia between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the House of Mu� at.

91

92

Mongolia

The Togrog

Genghis Khan

The togrog or tugrik is the official currency of Mongolia. It was historically subdivided into 100 mongo.

Genghis Khan (1162 – August 1227), born Temujin, was the founder and Great Khan (emperor) of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise.

93

Morocco

The Dirham

King Hassan II

The dirham is the currency of Morocco. It is subdivided into 100 santimat. King Hassan II (9 July 1929 – 23 July 1999) was King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in

1999. He was the eldest son of Mohammed V, Sultan, then King of Morocco (1909–1961) and his wife Lalla Abla bint Tahar (1909–1992).

94

Mozambique

The Metical

Samora Moises Machel

The metical (plural: meticais) is the currency of Mozambique. It is nominally divided into 100 centavos.

Samora Moises Machel (September 29, 1933 – October 19, 1986) was a Mozambican military commander, revolutionary socialist leader and eventual President of Mozambique. Machel led the country from independence in 1975 until his death in 1986.

95

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

The Nagorno-Karabakh Dram

Gandzasar monastery

The Nagorno-Karabakh dram is a monetary unit of the de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Although it is legal tender, it is not as widely used as the Armenian dram.

96

Gandzasar monastery is a tenth to thirteenth century Armenian monastery situated in the Mardakert district of de facto Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The monastery holds relics believed to belong to St. John the Baptist and his father St Zechariah.

97

Namibia

The Dollar

Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma

The dollar has been the currency of Namibia since 1993. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively N$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

Samuel Daniel Shafiishuna Nujoma (born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian politician who was the first President of Namibia from 1990 to 2005. He led the South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) in its long struggle against South African rule and took office as President when Namibia obtained independence on 21 March 1990. He was subsequently re-elected in 1994 and 1999, remaining in office until March 2005. He was President of SWAPO from its founding in 1960 until 2007.

98

Nepal

The Rupee

Mount Everest, Swayambhunath and Harati Temples in Kathmandu

The rupee is the official currency of Nepal. The present rupee is normally abbreviated with the sign . It is subdivided into 100 paisa. ₨

99

New Zealand

The New Zealand Dollar

Sir Apirana Turupa Ngata

The New Zealand dollar is the currency of New Zealand. It is divided into 100 cents. Sir Apirana Turupa Ngata (3 July 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a prominent New Zealand

politician and lawyer. He has often been described as the foremost Māori politician to have ever served in Parliament, and is also known for his work in promoting and protecting Māori culture and language.

100

Nicaragua

The Cordoba

Felix Ruben Garcia Sarmiento

The cordoba is the currency of Nicaragua. It is divided into 100 centavos Felix Ruben Garcia Sarmiento (January 18, 1867 – February 6, 1916), known as Ruben Dario,

was a Nicaraguan poet who initiated the Spanish-American literary movement known as modernism (modernism) that flourished at the end of the 19th century. Dario has had a great and lasting influence on 20th-century Spanish literature and journalism. He has been praised as the "Prince of Castilian Letters" and undisputed father of the modernism literary movement

101

Nigeria

The Naira

Mallam Aliyu Mai-Bornu, Dr. Clement Nyong Isong

The naira is the currency of Nigeria. It is subdivided into 100 kobo. Mallam Aliyu Mai-Bornu (1919 - 23 February 1970) was a Nigerian economist, and the first

indigenous Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria.Dr. Clement Nyong Isong (20 April 1920 - 29 May 2000) was a Nigerian banker and politician

who was Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (1967–1975) during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon. He was later elected governor of Cross River State (1979–1983) in the Nigerian Second Republic.

102

North Korea

The Won

Kim Il-sung

The won, or the 'Chosun Won', is the official currency of North Korea. It is subdivided into 100 chon. The won is issued by the Central Bank of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Kim Il-sung (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, commonly referred to as North Korea, from its establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994

103

Norway

The Krone

Peter Christen Asbjornsen

The krone is the currency of Norway and its dependent territories. The plural form is kroner. It is subdivided into 100 ore.

Peter Christen Asbjornsen (15 January 1812 — 6 January 1885) was a Norwegian writer and scholar.

104

Oman

The Rial

Qaboos bin Said Al Said

The rial is the currency of Oman. It is divided into 1000 baisa Qaboos bin Said Al Said (born 18 November 1940) is the Sultan of Oman and its

Dependencies. He rose to power after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur, in a palace coup in 1970. He is the 14th-generation descendant of the founder of the Al Bu Sa'idi dynasty.

105

Pakistan

The Pakistani Rupee

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

The Pakistani rupee is the official currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai (25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

106

Panama

The Balboa

The balboa is, along with the United States dollar, one of the official currencies of Panama. It is named in honor of the Spanish explorer/conquistador Vasco Nunez de Balboa. The balboa is subdivided into 100 centesimos.

107

Papua New Guinea

The Kina

The Parliament building in Port Moresby / Artifacts

The Kina is the currency of Papua New Guinea. It is divided into 100 toea.

108

Paraguay

The Guaraní

Father Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz

The guaraní is the national currency unit of Paraguay. The guaraní was divided into 100 centimos

Father Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz On 16 May 1988, Roque Gonzalez was canonized by Pope John Paul II in Asuncion, thus becoming the first Paraguayan saint. Saint Roque Gonzalez de Santa Cruz is patron of the cities of Posadas, Argentina, and Encarnacion, Paraguay.

109

Peru

The Nuevo Sol

Jose Abelardo Quinones Gonzales

The Nuevo Sol (new sun) is the currency of Peru. It is subdivided into 100 cents, called centimos in Spanish.

Jose Abelardo Quinones Gonzales (April 22, 1914 – July 23, 1941) was a Peruvian military aviator and national aviation hero. He sacrificed his life crashing into an Ecuadorian battery during the Battle of Zarumilla in the Ecuadorian–Peruvian war.

110

Philippines

The Peso

The peso is the currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 centavos.

111

Poland

The Złoty

The złoty, which literally means "golden", is the currency of Poland. The modern złoty is subdivided into 100 groszy

112

State of Qatar

The Riyal

The riyal is the currency of the State of Qatar. It is divided into 100 dirham

113

Romania

The Leu

The leu is the currency of Romania. It is subdivided into 100 bani

114

Russian Federation

The Ruble

Monument to Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky in Khabarovsk

The ruble or rouble is the currency of the Russian Federation and the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Formerly, the ruble was also the currency of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union before their dissolution. Belarus and Transnistria use currencies with the same name. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks.

Nikolay Nikolayevich Muravyov-Amursky (also spelled as Nikolai Nikolaevich Muraviev-Amurskiy; 23 August1809 – 30 November 1881) was a Russian statesman and diplomat, who played a major role in the expansion of the Russian Empire into the Amur River basin and to the shores of the Sea of Japan.

115

Rwanda

The Rwandan Franc

The Rwandan franc is the currency of Rwanda. It is subdivided into 100 centimes.

116

El Salvador

The Colon

Christopher Columbus

The colon was the currency of El Salvador between 1892 and 2001, until it was substituted by the U.S. Dollar. It was subdivided into 100 centavos.

117

Samoa

The Tala

Portrait of Malietoa Tanumafili II, the late Head of State of Samoa

The tala is the currency of Samoa. It is divided into 100 sene.

118

Sao Tome and Principe

The Dobra

The dobra is the currency of Sao Tome and Principe. It is abbreviated Db and is divided into 100 centimos

119

Saudi Arabia

The Saudi Riyal

King Abdulaziz

Holy mosque in Makkah Al Mukarramah (Mecca)

The Saudi riyal is the currency of Saudi Arabia. It is abbreviated as SR (Saudi Riyal). It is subdivided into 100 Halalas.

King Abdulaziz (15 January 1876 – 9 November 1953) was the first monarch of Saudi Arabia, the third Saudi State. He was referred to for most of his career as Ibn Saud.

120

Serbia

The Dinar

Nikola TeslaA detail from the Tesla electro-magnetic induction engine.

The dinar is the currency of Serbia. An earlier dinar was used in Serbia between 1868 and 1918. The earliest use of the dinar dates back to 1214.

Nikola Tesla(10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

121

Seychelles

The Rupee

The rupee is the currency of the Seychelles. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

122

Sierra Leone

The Leone

Dove flying over the map of Sierra Leone, Flag of Sierra Leone. Poplar tree; Coat of arms of Sierra Leone

The leone is the currency of Sierra Leone. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

123

Singapore

The Singapore Dollar

President Yusof bin Ishak

The Singapore dollar or dollar is the official currency of Singapore. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

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Yusof bin Ishak (12 August 1910 – 23 November 1970) was the first President of Singapore, serving from 1965 to 1970

.

125

Solomon Islands

The Dollar

The dollar is the currency of the Solomon Islands since 1977. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign"$" or, alternatively "SI$" to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

126

Somalia

The Somali Shilling

The Somali shilling is the official currency of Somalia. It is subdivided into 100 senti.

127

South Africa

The Rand

Nelson Mandela

The rand is the currency of South Africa. It takes its name from the Witwatersrand (White-waters-ridge in English), the ridge upon which Johannesburg is built and where most of South Africa's gold deposits were found. The rand has the symbol "R" and is subdivided into 100 cents.

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) is a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the first black South African to hold the office, and the first elected in a fully representative, multiracial election.

128

South Korea

The Won

Sejong the Great

The won is the currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon. Sejong the Great (May 15, 1397 – April 8, 1450) was the fourth king of Joseon.

129

Republic of South Sudan

The South Sudanese Pound

Dr. John Garang de Mabior

The South Sudanese pound is the official currency of the Republic of South Sudan. It is subdivided into 100 piasters.

John Garang de Mabior (June 23, 1945 – July 30, 2005) was a Sudanese politician and leader. From 1983 to 2005, he led the Sudan People's Liberation Army during the Second Sudanese Civil War, and following a peace agreement he briefly served as First Vice President of Sudan from 9 July 2005 until he died in a 30 July 2005 helicopter crash.

130

Sri Lanka

The Rupee

The Rupee is the currency of Sri Lanka, divided into 100 cents.

131

Sudan

The Sudanese Pound

The Sudanese pound is the currency of Sudan

132

Suriname

The Dollar

The dollar has been the currency of Suriname since 2004. It is divided into 100 cents.

133

Swaziland

The Lilangeni

King Mswati III

The lilangeni is the currency of Swaziland and is subdivided into 100 cents. Mswati III (born Makhosetive Dlamini on 19 April 1968) is the King of Swaziland and head of

the Swazi Royal Family. In 1986, he succeeded his father Sobhuza II as ruler of the southern African kingdom.

134

Sweden

The Krona

The krona has been the currency of Sweden since 1873. In English, the currency is sometimes referred to as the Swedish crown, since krona literally means crown in Swedish. The Swedish krona was the 9th most traded currency in the world by value in April 2010.One krona is subdivided into 100 ore

135

Switzerland

The Franc

The franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein, it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia

136

Syria

The Syrian Pound

The Syrian pound is the currency of Syria and is issued by the Central Bank of Syria. The pound is subdivided into 100 qirsh

137

Taiwan

The New Taiwan Dollar

The New Taiwan dollar or simply Taiwan dollar, is the official currency of Taiwan since 1949, when it replaced the Old Taiwan dollar.

138

Tanzania

The Shilingi

Tanzanian coat of arms; President Julius Kambarage Nyerer

The shilingi is the currency of Tanzania, although widespread use of U.S. dollars is accepted. It is subdivided into 100 senti.

Julius Kambarage Nyerere (13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika, from the country's founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985.

139

Thailand

The Baht

King Bhumibol Adulyadej in the uniform of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces

The baht is the currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang. Bhumibol Adulyadej or Phumiphon Adunyadet born 5 December 1927 is the reigning King of

Thailand. He is known as Rama IX. Having reigned since 9 June 1946, he is the world's longest-serving current head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history.

140

Tunisia

The Dinar

Ibn El Rachiq Kairouani, the City of Culture building

The dinar is the currency of Tunisia. It is subdivided into 1000 milim or millimes

141

Turkey

The Turkish Lira

The Turkish lira is the currency of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognized only by Turkey). Hatay State also used Turkish lira before its annexation by Turkey. The Turkish lira is subdivided into 100 kuruş.

142

Ukraine

The Hryvnia

Hryhorii Skovoroda

The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or grivna has been the national currency of Ukraine since September 2, 1996. The hryvnia is subdivided into1 00 kopiyok.

Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda (3 December 1722 – 9 November 1794) was a Ukrainian philosopher, poet, teacher and composer who lived in the Russian Empire and who made important contributions to Russian philosophy and culture.

143

United Arab Emirates

The Ddirham

Saker falcon (Falco cherrug)

The dirham is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dirham is subdivided into 100 fils

144

United Kingdom

The Pound Sterling

The pound sterling, commonly known simply as the pound, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, the British Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory and Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (in Tristan da Cunha only). It is subdivided into 100 pence

145

United States of America

The United States Dollar

The United States dollar, also referred to as the U.S. dollar or American dollar, is the official currency of the United States and its overseas territories. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents.

146

Uruguay

Uruguayan Peso

Juana de Ibarbourou

Uruguayan peso has been a name of the Uruguayan currency since Uruguay's settlement by Europeans. The present currency, the peso uruguayo was adopted in 1993 and is subdivided into 100 centesimos.

Juana Fernandez Morales Vd.De Ibarbourou, also known as Juana de America, (1892–1979) was a Uruguayan poet of Galicianorigin. She was one of the most popular poets of Spanish America.

147

Vanuatu

The Vatu

The vatu is the currency of Vanuatu.

148

Venezuela

The Bolívar Fuerte

Luisa Caceres de Arismendi, Hawksbill turtle.

The bolívar fuerte is the currency of Venezuela since 1 January 2008. It is subdivided into 100 céntimos and replaced the bolivar

María Luisa Cáceres Díaz de Arismendi (September 25, 1799 – June 28, 1866) was a heroine of the Venezuelan War of Independence.

149

150

Vietnam

The Dong

Ho Chi Minh

The dong has been the currency of Vietnam since May 3, 1978. Formerly, it was subdivided into 10 hao, which was further subdivided into 10 xu, neither of which is now used.

Ho Chi Minh (19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), born Nguyen Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyen Tat Thanh, Nguyen That Thanh and Nguyen Ai Quoc, was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).

151

Zambia

The Kwacha

President Kenneth Kaunda

The kwacha is the currency of Zambia. It is subdivided into 100 ngwee. Kenneth David Kaunda (born 28 April 1924), also known as KK, served as the first President

of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.

152

Zimbabwe

The Zimbabwean Dollar

The Zimbabwean dollar was the official currency of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 12 April 2009. On 2 February 2009, the RBZ removed 12 zeros from the currency, with 1,000,000,000,000 (third) Zimbabwe dollars being exchanged for 1 new (fourth) dollar.

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About the Author

Lamont Clark was born and raised in Mount Vernon., New York. He is a graduate of the University of Maryland at College Park (Smith Business School) and earned his MBA at the University of Maryland University College.

A man of many interests and talents, in addition to writing, Lamont has over 20 years of experience in the entertainment industry as a musician, record producer, on-air radio personality, actor, and television producer and director. Lamont is a multiple award winning producer and director for his television shows.

Lamont also has over ten years of experience teaching and training both adults and children.Lamont is married with two sons.

Discover other Titles by Lamont Clark:The Five Elements of Hip Hop: DJsThe Five Elements of Hip Hop: MCsThe Five Elements of Hip Hop: B-BoysThe Five Elements of Hip Hop: GraffitiCheesecake Delights! 77 Gourmet Cheesecake RecipesWonderful World of Wings! 85 Mouth Watering Wing Recipes A Coffee Lover's Dream! 88 Great Tasting Coffee Recipes Cookie Cravings! 101 Divine Cookie RecipesPopcorn Love! 101 Exquisite Gourmet Popcorn RecipesChocolate Heaven! 500 Scrumptious Chocolate RecipesYummy! Yummy! 101 Fun Children's Recipes Family History! How to Turn Your Genealogy Into a Lasting LegacyAn Independent Musician’s Guide To: How to Make $100K in the Music Business Without a

Record DealAn Independent Landlord's Guide: How to Start, Run, and Profit from Rooming HousesMotivational Interviewing 101

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