the berlin wall 1961-1989
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A Yr1 University presentation about Berlin WallTRANSCRIPT
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© University of Reading 2006 www.reading.ac.uk
The Berlin Wall 1961-1989 Richard M McKenzie MA – Reading University
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Two Speeches
• President John F Kennedy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK907TwM7q0
• President Ronald Reagan
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8
• From 1.19
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Lecture Outline
• The beginning of the conflict
• Issues of dissent
• The building of the Berliner Mauer
• Results
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The Beginning of the Conflict
• Potsdam Conference
• 17th July – 2nd August
– 5 D’s
– Demilitarisation
– Denazification
– Democratisation
– Disarmament
– Decentralisation
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The Beginning of the Conflict
• Division of Berlin in
to 4 occupation
zones
• What is the status of
Berlin ?
– Part of GDR?
– Occupied City
– Part of FRG?
– Capital of Germany?
– Escape opportunity?
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The Beginning of the Conflict
• 1948 – Berlin Airlift
• Currency Reform – DM v RM
• 1953 – Uprising
• 1958 – Khrushchev Ultimatum
• 1949-1961 – Refugees
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Issues of Dissent
• Marshall Plan – Soviet Bloc rejection
• Truman Doctrine – Resist Soviet Pressure
– Greece and Turkey
– Korea
– Berlin
– Vietnam
• West v East Integration – NATO
• Bundeswehr
– Warsaw Pakt • NVA
– EEC
– Comecon
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Issues of Dissent
– 1956 • Invasion of Hungry and
Suez
– 1958 • Berlin Ultimatum
• Sputnik Launched
– 1959 • Cuban revolution
successful
– 1960 • Gary Powers shot down
over Russia
• “Missile Gap”
– 1961 • Bay of Pigs Invasion
– 1961 • Berlin Wall
– 1962 • Cuban Missile Crisis 8
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Issues of Dissent
• 1949-13th Aug 1961
– 2,686,942 People fled GDR
• Erich Honecker charged with
securing the DDR’s borders
• Berlin Wall
• 'Antifaschistischer Schutzwall' or
"Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart"
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Situation in the GDR
• Walter Ulbricht – “Die Wahrheit ist doch die: die DDR wird bis 1961 auf allen
wichtigen Gebieten der Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit Lebensmitteln und Konsumgüten Westdeutschland einholen und überholen”
• Der Antifaschistische Schutzwall – “Für jeden der Augen zusehen und Ohren zu hören, wurde
offenkundig, dass Westberlin in der Tat ein äußert gefährlicher Kriegsbrandherd ist (…). Es musste vielmehr dafür gesorgt werden, dass der Brand, der in Westberlin angeblassen wordern war und der auf die Häuser der Nachbarn überspringen sollte, rechtzeitig unter Kontrolle kam. Es war unsere Aufgabe, das zu tun. (…) Es kommt hinzu, dass wir als Teil des sozialistischen Lagers, also sozialistischer Staat, die hohe Verpflichtun habe, die Politik der friedlichen Koexistenz, did die ganze Welt braucht, nicht durch wahnwitzige westdeutsche Militarlisten und ihre westberliner Ableger stören zu lassen.
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13th August 1961
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13th August 1961
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13th August 1961
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13th August 1961
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Results
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Results
• 238 people killed
trying to cross the
wall
• Western Allies leave
wall standing
• Tension in Berlin
reduces and DDR
starts to be secure
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www.germanwarfilm.co.uk
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