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to Cefeb/iation . . .

“ I and many others, known and unknown to me, call upon you;

To celebrate our jo in t power to provide all human beings with the food, clothing and shelter they need to delight in living.

To discover, together with us, what we must do to use mankind’s power to create the humanity, the dignity and the joyfulness o f each one o f us.

To be responsibly aware o f your personal ability to express your true feelings and to gather us together in their expressions.

We can only live these changes; we cannot think our way to humanity. Every one of us, and every group with which we live and work, must become the model o f the era which we desire to create. The many models which will develope should give each one o f us an environment in which we can celebrate our potential — and discover the way into a more humane world.

We are challenged to break the obsolete social and economic systems which divide our world between the overprivileged and the under-privileged. All o f us, whether governmental leader or protester, businessman or worker, professor or student share a common guilt. We have failed to discover how the necessary changes in our ideals and our social structures can be made. Each o f us, therefore, through our Ineffectiveness and our lack o f responsible awareness, causes the suffering around the world . . .”

IVAN D. ILLICH

Hearken to my story . . . Listen, but do not pity me; for pity is intended for the weak — and 1 am still strong in my affliction.

KAHLIL GIBRAN

Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience above all liberties.— Milton

The staging of our Second Annual Football Tournament and the publication of this brochure is intended to raise funds for bursaries. Conscious that dependence on charity degrades the individual and that it never solves the problem of deprivation, but only alleviates some of its burdens, we prefer to th ink of this tour­nament as a SELF HELP PROJECT.

This brochure focusses on SPORT and EDUCATION. These two themes were chosen because of their relevance to the activities of the BSM and because we believe that the deprived black sportsman and the deprived black student are both symptoms o f contradictions which characterise our society.

Each section takes the form of a discussion. In this way different aspects of sport and education in South Africa and even conflicting views are expressed. The articles do nevertheless reflect a broad consensus and a common inspiration which I w ill attempt to describe below.

A. SPORTSport has always been an area in which discriminationagainst black people has been particularly odious. White sportsmen at all levels have always benefited from the facilities and financial support provided by the government. Black sportsmen and women, on the other hand have never been able to give the fullest expression to their talents because of the lack of facilities, limited financial resources, and because of the restrictions, on their movements and on their right to represent the country of their birth for instance, imposed on them by racial laws.

The BSM is convinced that equal opportunity in the area of sport w ill remain a myth as long as racial laws govern our lives.

B. EDUCATIONThe Education system reflects the general patterns of inequality and discrimination characteristic of South African society. Education is free and compulsory for whites but not for blacks. The govern­ment spends about seventeen times as much on each white school child as it does on each African one, with coloured and Indians between these two extremes.

enforce artificially low levels oT achievement upon blacks.

But education is not purely the result of instruction. Learning takes place in a social context. We believe that a society which institutionalises domination and subservience and which juxtaposes aff­luence and poverty, distorts the personality of both the individual and the community.V .IT leads to extreme alienation and to a repudiation of our common humanity.

Education should enrich ordinary experience and train every individual to realise his potential and become completely himself. Only the democratisation of both education and society can form the basis of a new awareness and self-confidence in South Africa.

F. CACHALIA

Education is an admirable thing. But it is well to remember from tim e to tim e that nothing w orth knowingcan be taught. OSCAR WILDE.

O n

. . . "in the course of the century, a great man o f science, like Darwin; a great poet like Keats; a fine critical spirit like M. Renan; a supreme artist like Flaubert, has been able to isolate himself, to keep himself out of reach o f the clamorous claims of others, to stand, "under the shelter of the w all", as Plato puts it, and so to realise the perfection of what was in him, to his own incomparable gain, and to the incomparable and lasting gain of the whole world. These, however, are exceptions. The majority of the people spoil their lives by an unhealthy and exaggerated altruism - are forced, indeed, so to spoil them. They find themselves surrounded by hideous poverty, by hideous ugliness, by hideous starvation. It is inevitable that they should be strongly moved by all this. The emotions of man are stirred more quickly than man's intelligence; and as I pointed out some time ago in an article on the function o f critism, it is much more easy to have sym­pathy with suffering than it is to have sympathy with thought. Accordingly, with admirable, though mis­directed intentions, they very serously and very sentimentally set themselves to the task of remedying the evils that they see. But their remedies do not cure the disease: they merely prolong it. Indeed, their reme­dies are part of the disease.

They try to solve the problem of poverty, for instance, by keeping the poor alive; or, in the case of a very advanced school, by amusing the poor.

But this is not a solution; it is an aggravation o f the d ifficu lty . The proper aim is to try and reconstruct society on such a basis that poverty w ill be impossible. And the altruistic virtues have really prevented the carrying out of this aim. Just as the worst slave-owners were those who were kind to their slaves, and so prevented the horror of the system from being realised by those who suffered from it, and understood by those who contemplated it. So, in the present state of things in England, the people who do most harm are the people who try to do most good; and at last we have had the spectacle of men who have really studied the problem and know the life-educated men who live in the East End - coming forward and im ­ploring the community to restrain its altruistic impulses of charity, benevolence, and the like. They do so on the ground that such charity degrades and demoralises. They are perfectly right. Charity creates a multitude of sins . .

OSCAR WILDE

. . . For the suffering o f injustice is not the part of a man, but of a slave, who indeed had better die than live; since when he is wronged and trampled upon, he is unable to help himself, or any other about whom he cares

Callicles' words from Plato's Gorgias.

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We live in a society of political and economic inequality which gives rise to many socio-economic problems. We are faced with the problems of unemployment, alcoholism, drug addiction, delinquency and many others. In most cases our youth make an early entry into the cheap, unskilled labour market by force of circumstances. The minority who reach matric level are forced to abandon any notion of going to university because of financial d ifficu lty. Disturbed by the tragic waste of potential, a group of students decided to form the B.S.M., the primary object of which is to provide financial assistance to needy students. Our organization also aims to contribute to the cultural and sporting life of our community.

In addition to having provided a few bursaries already, the B.S.M. has also demonstrated its practical value to our community. Two years ago we collected signatures for a petition against the closure of the Watt- ville Clinic and last year we launched "Operation W inter" in an attempt to provide clothes for the under­privileged in our community. We have also, in collaboration with Mr. Sibeko contributed towards setting up night-classes in Wattville. Our offer to assist William Hills matriculants in their preparation for their examinations, was unfortunately turned down by the Principal.

For the funds necessary to make the bursary scheme possible, we are entirely dependent on the public. The holding of this tournament is one of the ways by which we reach out to the public for assistance. At this point, I would like to welcome all participating teams and the general public. A t the same time I call upon you to consider the more serious aspects of our lives dealt with in this brochure.

In conclusion I would like to add that it is only by discussing and tackling our problems collectively that we can ever hope to achieve solutions to them.

K. DESAI

cJicssagG |/iom the ^ m t e e s

The B.S.M. was initiated during 1977 by a group o f public spirited young men who saw that socio-economic and political structures which deny millions of people the chance to fu lfill their needs and aspirations are unjust. Concerned that many people are unable to pursue their studies, simply because they lack the financial means, these students, on their own initiative began collecting funds for this purpose. Their work is motivated by an entirely noble ideal, and we therefore feel that their efforts should be un- stintingly supported.

DR. CACHALIA AND DR. G. MAYET

All correspondence should be addressed to:

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SPORT SACOS vs. the StateIn order to understand the latest development in sport in South Africa it is important to understand the main

principles propagated by the two bodies, namely, the South African Council of Sports and the Department of Sport. To what extent have their principles been adopted and how have these principles influenced and directed sport in general.

"Multi-nationalism" in sport is seen from many quarters as just an extension of the official policy of the South African government. Dr. Koornhof spelled out the sports policy in no uncertain terms. He believes that the policy of "multi-nationalism" is but only a further dynamic development of the policies of Apartheid, th a t ' by means of sport, a new dimension is given to our policy of multi-nationalism and to the South African set up, which since 1952 has been in embryo what it has become today". Another Nationalist, Dr. van der Merwe, referred to this policy as "the basic political philosophy of whites in this country" (1). Although the state has been forced into multi-nationalism by internal and overseas pressure the administration of sport in South Africa is still done on the same lines as the rest of the policy of Separate Development. It recognises the issue of colour as the import­ant factor when it comes to the implementation of this "multi-nationalism". That South Africa is divided into different ethnic groups, meaning that any player or administrator participating in "m ulti-national" sport is in fact giving solid credibility to the policy of this government.

Non-racialism as proposed by the South African Council of Sport is in direct confrontation to the policy of the government. SACOS sees non-racialism as a principle (2). It does not accept any form of race or ethnic difference. It states that the acceptance o f any form of race or ethnicity implies the acceptance of a hierarchy and discrimination since differences are inherently unequal. Acceptance of the race theory implies the existence of superior and inferior races since there cannot be separate and equal races. Some of the tactics used to enforce the practice of racialism are the Group Areas Act, the Pass laws, the Separate Amenities Act, the Permit System etc. SACOS believes that all the above-mentioned laws of the country must first be scrapped before it will partici­pate in any "norm al" sport whatsoever.

SACOS believes that there cannot be "norm al" sport in an abnormal society (3). SACOS believes that all South Africans must be able to participate on an equal basis in sport and that there is only one race, that is the human race (4).

Why then these two confronting principles? We see that the idea of "multi-nationalism" has been born out of the attempts of the South African government to counter the increasing isolation of South Africa from the inter­national scene. Also to make its policy more adaptable to certain "ethnic" groups in South Africa who are in collaboration with the government, as it has been shown by the memorandum presented by SACOS to the International Tennis Federation (5). International isolation means the denial of international competition, the denial of fresh talent from outside the country, the denial of the infusion of fresh blood into the national system. It also has psychological implications. This in turn could result in diminishing white spectator interest and the consequent loss of gate revenue. SACOS believes that despite all the laws which are being used to protect the principle of "multi-nationalism", the people of South Africa have still got a small area of choice when it comes to defend their humanity, and that is in sport. Here in this area of free choice, the black is still able to preserve some ot the treasured human values and keep his principles inviolate, and it is this area that gives SACOS and the provincial councils of sport the basis of their stand to associate only with those who accept these principles (6). In order to obtain a clear direction SACOS as a member of the Supreme Council of Sport of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) have adopted a double stance policy which reads that "no person, whether he is a player, an administrator or a spectator, cornmitted to the non-racial principle in sport, shall participate in or be associated with any code of sport which practices, perpetuates or condones racialism or 'multi-nationalism' ". Players and/or administrators disregarding the essence of this principle shall be guilty of practising double standards and cannot therefore be members of any organisation affiliated to SACOS (7). By this policy on double standards it appears that SACOS wants to neutralise any confusion when it comes to the application of the policy of non­racialism.

Now we must look at the sports codes and investigate which have gained any support. It would however be impossible to investigate all the sports codes because of the lack of space. SACOS for example have affiliated 25 codes with a membership of 300 000. In electing the code it does not mean that the other codes are less important. The main reasons are. the bigger codes enjoy a bigger membership and crowds and therefore receive more attention from the news media. Also because of the amount of money invested in these codes.

The Rugby Board of Control has recently formed an umbrella body with the SA Rugby Federation ("coloured") and SA Rugby Association ("A frican") (8). A t the present moment only the white league partici­pates in the supreme league (Currie Cup Competition) which makes it racial. The "african" and "coloured" bodies have only status in the Sport Pienaar League which is the original second division of Dr Craven s Rugby Board. So the formulation of this umbrella body means in fact that a specific group of people are being seen as superior to other groups. Also that the Federation and SARA have endorsed the idea that they are inferior. SARU (affiliated to SACOS) rejects this idea. Both parties claim success. Recently both bodies had matches played in Upington and it was clear that SARU had more support than the Sport Pienaar game (9).

Soccer is at the most critical stage o f all the parties concerned especially for the supporters of "multi-racialism" because they are either internationally isolated or threatened with such a move or financially in trouble because of the lack of spectators. With the acceptance o f the double standard resolution by the South African Soccer Federation, as enunciated by SACOS, now fu lly accepted for implementation by the biggest and most popular winter codes, rugby and soccer, the polarisation in sport seems complete (10). The same reason as for soccer might apply to professional boxing too. The world title fight at the Independent Stadium of Bophutatswana shows the sensitivity of professional boxing to public support. Even though the Bophutatswana government helped organise this event it was a financial disaster due to a lack of Public support.

There are also important developments in other codes of sport which unfortunately receive a very little attention because of their comparatively small size and because of their amateur status. A non-racial chess body has been formed in the Western Cape under the auspices of SACOS (11). This occurred after some clubs withdrew from a national chess tournament because of its "m ulti-national" status. They defected from WPCU (provincial) and SACF (national) and formed a new body together with the strong South African Senior School Sports Union The battle in codes like fencing seems not so tense, as South Africa retains its status in the International Fencing Federation (12).

South African Primary School Sports Association have been accepted as members of SACOS. Thus about 20 000 more are members of the powerful non-racial SACOS (13).

Sportsmen and women who are members of SACOS have to make sacrifices particularly because SACOS does not have the financial support of the white sports organisations and the government because of the Double Standards principle. The Double Standards principle means, for example, in the Western Cape, that SACOS codes cannot use the University of Cape Town or the University of Western Cape's sport facilites. This is because they are both apartheid institutions. As a paper to WPCS said this year: " to say that because there are no alternative facilities available therefore we should allow our sportsmen to use those at UCT and UWC is to compromise on our principles. Of course we are asking our sportsmen to sacrifice a bit. The struggle for equal rights, no matter in which sphere it might be, is never an easy one".

SACOS is forced to find alternative facilities even if they cannot be of an equal standard.So we have seen that the South African Council of Sport is one of the few truly non-racial organisations in

South Africa. It has developed strong support even though the state and financial factors are working against it. It has developed a strong base amongst quite a wide group of school-goers too. It has status on the Supreme Council for Sport of Africa, and international recognition. It appears that in spite of financial and political difficulties it has become an important force amongst progressive organisations in South Africa.

FOOTNOTES:

1. Muslim News 1977.2. "The Permit Issue". Paper by SACOS.3. "A Permitted Life". Paper by SACOS (EPCS).4. ibid.5. Memorandum by SACOS to International Tennis Federation.6. "A Permitted L ife", op. cit.7. "Are you practising double standards?" Paper by SACOS.8. Memorandum by SACOS to International Tennis Federation.9. Cape Herald 27.7.78.

10. Muslim News 14.7.7811. Cape Herald 29.7.78.12. Cape Herald 10.6.78.13. Cape Herald 22.7.78.

This article appeared in the first issued of Social Review. We are indebted to the publishers of this Journal for their permission to print this article in our brochure.

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Mahomed M. Sibda General Secretary:Transvaal Soccer BoardS.A. Soccer Federation Pro. League — Tvl.Eastern Transvaal Football Association

1. W ILL WE ACHIEVE ANYTHING BY HAVING DIALOGUE?

2. WILL DIALOGUE AND THE CREATION OF ONE CONTROLLING BODY TAKE SOUTH AFRICA BACK INTO THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA?

3. DOES DIALOGUE NECESSARILY MEAN MUCH WHILST THE SOUTH AFRICAN SCENE STILL FORCIBLY, REMAINS ETHNICALLY DIVIDED AND THE STATE'S POLICY OF "M U LT I­NATIONALISM" IS CONTINUOUSLY ENFORCED?

4. IS IT NECESSARY TO TALK TO PREDOMINANTLY BLACK ORGANISATION?

Having dialogue with any WHITE sporting organisation is w ithout doubt an exercise in fu tility . In terms of FI FA's requirements any country which practices discrimination on.the grounds of colour, creed or religion should be barred from membership.. This is absolutely clear and unti-such time that all White controlled sporting amenities are not open to all sportsmen/women on an unrestricted basis, the thought of having dialogue with them must be ruled OUT. On the other hand if non-white sporting organizations do not open their facilities to all racial groups then dialogue with them must also be ruled out as well.

Was the NFL (pro.) genuinely disbanded or forced to make change on economic grounds?I firm ly believe that they were not financially crushed and through dialogue were presented with a splendid opprotunity to breathe once again in the name of "u n ity " and survive the inevitable financial ruin NFL clubs were facing. Highlands, Cape Town City, Durban City, Wits, Lusitano, Arcadia and all the others are smiling again.

We should talk to organisations that are predominantly Black orientated, like the Federation which though largely Coloured and Asian has always adhered to the non-racial principles enunciated by FIFA.

It is important to talk and unite the non-white forces in this country who all suffer the same oppression, and together we must mount the necessary pressure to force changes in the socio-political system. The sooner we realise the need for dialogue on true principles of merit and human dignity the sooner will we realise the ideal of non-racial sport in a non-racial Azania,

Dialoguethe bribe offered by the oppressorglitters like fool's golddazzling the eyes of the oppressedas they sit around the council tablelistening to empty discourse promising empty promisesbeguiled by meaningless talkthey do not realise ointment-smeared wordswill not heal their open woundsthe oppressor sits secured with his spoilswith no desire to share equalityleaving the oppressed seeking warmthat the cold fire ofDialogue.

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LyUessage {/tow t(ie 0"/taKSi/aa^ Council o| Spo/it

THE SOUTH AFRICAN COUNCIL OF SPORT

The South African Council of Sport, also known as SACOS, has been in existence for almost six years. The Council was originally formed to act as a co-ordinating body embracing all those national controlling bodies which espouse the non-racial ideal in sport. Since last year, however, the Council has been forced to become more than a mere co-ordinating body fighting for a fair deal for all our sportsmen and women. Certain sports administrators motivated by a desire to promote their own interests not only advocated dialogue with certain racial Organisation. They actively particpated in so-called unity talks. The right of individuals to hold certain views has never been challenged but when such individuals are actively engaged in taking whole organisations with them in their endeavour to further the ideas of multi-nationalism, then surely it is the duty of those who are fighting for our rights to call a halt if only to protect those who are being misled. The result was that the South African Soccer Federation was expelled from the South African Council of Sport. Certain hands have been thrown up in horror and feigned innocence. These questions were asked: "What is wrong with dialogue? How can we make the other side aware of our standpoint if we don't talk to them? What about the tennis body's (S.A.L.T.U. - an affiliate of SACOS) talks with their racial counterparts?" And then came a prime example of racialism: "What is wrong with speaking to our Black brothers?" A non-racialist never identifies his brother by his colour.

To set the record straight it must be said at once that SACOS has never said that dialogue must NEVER take place. The first requirement was that affiliates were requested (with emphasis) to consult with SACOS and if possible have an official of SACOS present when talks are held. Further the following conditions were spelled out:

1. That the two bodies engaged in dialogue must, as a basis for discussion, have certain principles in com­mon: they must both agree that racialism and its variants multi-nationalism, ethnicity, plurality, call it what you will, must be abolished. They must agree that non-racial sport must start from grass-roots i.e. with the boys and girls in the primary schools. They must agree that these boys and girls play together and train together from a tender age if they are to realise their full potential as sportspeople. Certainly it can never start at professional level. The bodies must also pledge that all laws against the playing of non-racial sport must be scrapped: no match must take place under permit, and it does not matter who applies for the permit. Clubs must refuse to apply for international status. Clubs must be integrated and no club must be allowed to choose its players on grounds of race. There should be ONE controlling body for each code of sport - umbrella bodies must not be allowed to exist. ALL sportsmen should be eligible to particpate in the national team on merit and not by virtue of being a certain colour.

2. It is a fact of South African sporting life that White sportsmen and their government have only made certain cosmetic changes to make the world believe that non-racial sport is being played in this country while they were put under severe pressure. The pressure has been applied chiefly in the form of dep­riving them of international competition. It follows therefore, that only continued, sustained pressure will eventually result in the playing of true non-racial sport in South Africa. This means in turn that any organisation which has as its primary aim the re-admission of South African sport as constituted as present into any inter-national body be it FIFA or the ITF or whatever must be looked at askance. Non-racial bodies must refuse to negotiate with such organisations until they are prepared to forget about their inter-national aspirations and until such time that true non-racial sport has come about in this country. They must be prepared to declare a moratorium on all visits to, and from South Africa by sportsmen. Those which are still affiliated to inter-national bodies must be prepared to put their membership in cold storage until such time that we have realised our aim of putting our house in order. In short: forget about your so-called "Springbok" teams in soccer and all other sport until ALL players can truly be called representative players. Readers must ask themselves firstly whether they agree with the criteria set out above and then they must ask themselves whether the present "negotiations" withS.A.N.F.A. and the N.P.S.L. contain the elements set out. The N.P.S.L. is largely a soccer body in which Black teams play against White teams. Even the administrators are elected on the basis of colour. The White professional teams still have their reserve and junior teams playing in the racial bodies while they, hidden by a cloud of glamour and bally-hoo, pretend to be non-racial. This year these clubs have been instructed to go out of their way to "shop" for Black or White players in order to lend an air of "non-racialism" to their teams. The important point is that absolutely nothing has changed since the South African Soccer Federation took a resolution in 1977 not to have dialogue with certain bodies. The only changes that have been "made" exist in the imaginations of those who are pursuing the idea of negotiation for reasons other than sport. Let those who disagree point to one tangible move towards non-racialism that has been made since 1977 and people might start listening to them. Please do not mention the common use of toilets - that holy of holies in the South African context.

We see, therefore, that dialogue in itself is not wrong — it is only wrong when it places the hard-won succes­ses we have gained in jeopardy. In fighting for non-racialism in sport we are fighting for our rights — and there is no nobler cause to fight for.

MR

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As an organization involving people on a social level, the B.S.M. must be governed by a set of clearly defined principles.

Although primarily a bursary organization, the importance of sports in our lives and as an another area in which we are discriminated against, makes it necessary for us to make a stand on the question of integ­ration in South African sport.

It has emerged over the years that the government's sport policy is constantly undergoing adaptation to accommodate itself to domestic and international pressures. These adaptations which are acclaimed as significant changes by the mass media and white sport administrators do not go to the root of the problem and are in our view merely cosmetic. These "changes" must be seen as part of a steadily evolving and increasingly sophisticated racial policy of separate development. "Multinationalism", by Dr. Koornhof's own admission is merely an extention of apartheid. This policy will never find favour with us despite concerted attempt's by the mass media and cerain individuals within non-racial bodies to deceive the people into acceptance of it.

We realise that fragmented action by isolated bodies w ill not combat racism. We therefore see the need for a body that is able to co-ordinate the struggle for non-racial sport on a national and international level. In this respect, the B.S.M. recognises that S.A.C.O.S., having correctly perceived the South African sporting situation, is best qualified for this task. Its international support and membership of the Supreme Council for Sport in Africa further qualifies it to perform this role

The B.S.M. wishes to see the following;

(i) The spirit of sportmanship cutting across race colour, cultural, religious and social barriers,

(ii) The elemination of the humiliating permit system;

(iii) The provision of equal facilities for all; and

(iv) The abolition of all laws which restrict the movement and rights of people.

Non-racial sport is not possible in a society where racial laws restrict the expression of potential of individ- duals belonging to particular ethnic groups. We appeal to players and spectators to acquaint themselves with non-racial principles and to identify with them.

Y. BHAM AND V. SINGH

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Collection Number: AG3403 Collection Name: Non-racial Sports History Project, Transvaal

PUBLISHER: Publisher: Historical Papers Research Archive, University of the Witwatersrand Location: Johannesburg ©2016

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