ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPTMinistry of Water Resources and IrrigationNile Water Sector

The Benefits of Transboundary Water

Cooperation

Nile Water SectorEGYPT

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Presentation Layout Facts: Water Situation in the Nile Basin. History of Cooperation in the Nile Basin. The Bilateral Cooperation Projects with Nile

Basin Countries Conclusions

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Facts: Water Situation in the Nile Basin

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Area : about 3.0 million square km.

Area of Lakes is 81500 square km.

Area of swamps is 70000 square km.

Length : more than 6000 km.

Length of Rivers and Tributaries is 37500 km.

11 Riparian States with more than 300 million people

5 States are among the Ten Poorest in World.

Main Features of Nile River

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Water Situation in The Nile Basin

5Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

RunoffBCM/yearAt Aswan

Losses%

Surfaceat source

RainfallBCM/year

Basin

1397.5315 527Equatorial Plateau

0010000544Bahr El-GhaZal

7187.9779.5590Ethiopian Plateau

8494.9494.51661Total

Extreme Poverty. Low Specific Yield. Rapid Population Growth. Environmental Degradation Natural Disasters (Floods,

Droughts, ….etc.) Complicated hydrology of

Basin.

Nile Basin Challenges

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

The Importance of the Nile River to Egypt

Egypt is located in an arid zone where rainfall is nil.

More than 85% of Egypt's water resources comes from theEthiopian plateau, and about 15% of Egypt's water resources comesfrom the Equatorial Lakes plateau.

Egypt is unique, among other countries in it’s dependence on waterfrom an almost a single source, the River Nile, The Nile wateragreement in 1959 between Egypt and Sudan allocates 55.5BCM/year to Egypt.

Rainfall in Egypt occurs only in winter in the form of scatteredshowers at the coastal areas (North at the Mediterranean Sea andEast at the Red Sea coast and some parts of Sinai ).

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

History of Cooperation in the Nile Basin.

1050 B.C.Hatshepsut trip to Bont’s Land ( Ethiopia).

1827Discovery Mission in Mohamed Ali era

1903Egyptian Irrigation mission to Sudan

History of Bilateral Cooperation between Egypt and Nile Basin Countries

1879Amin Pasha Mission to Uganda

1955Egypt’s Support for African Liberation Movements

1990s

Owen Falls Dam 1949

Present

Bilateral Technical Cooperation Projects

New Perspective after the Egyptian revolution

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Ministry of Water Resource and IrrigationEgyptian Technical cooperation Projects

Other Ministries and Private Sector

10

Current Bilateral Technical Cooperation Initiative

Ministry of Foreign AffairsEgyptian-Fund for Technical Cooperation with Africa

o Egypt accommodates the development priorities of the Nile brothers & sisters in the field of water conservation and water supply through:

o Egypt supports Nile Basin Development through the Principles of Win-Win and No Harm

Capacity Building – Scholarships……etc

Weed Control– Water Harvesting Dams – Groundwater wells – Landing sites – Hydrological Station ……etc

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

• One of the main pillars of the Egypt’s NationalWater Policy

• Support and consolidate the relations betweenEgypt and the Nile Basin countries

• Build mutual trust and promote regionalcooperation and sharing benefits

Why Egypt Supports Bilateral Cooperation

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Bilateral Technical Cooperation Projects Water Resources

Egypt supports Nile Riparians in the field of water management, water conservation and water supply through MWRI, projects such as:

• Aquatic weeds control• Rainwater harvesting dams• Groundwater wells• Landing sites • Hydrological stations• Small hydropower dams• Institutional Strengthening• Capacity building and training• Academic scholarships• Exchange visits • Applied researchSub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Bilateral Cooperation Projects with Nile Basin

Countries

Bilateral Cooperation Projects with Nile Basin Countries

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

DRC- Egypt

MoU: March 2012• 30 Groundwater wells• Capacity Building in the water sector• Feasibility Studies for hydropower projects• Establishment of Forecasting Center• Exchange Visits of Agriculture experts

Integrated Water Resources Management Project:

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Ethiopia-Egypt

• Human Resources Development (Short- Medium – Long) Term • Experts’ Exchange Visits• Technical and Institutional Capacity Building (Establishment of

Hydraulic Research Center in Addis Ababa)

MoU: September 2011Training and Building Capacity Project

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Tanzania- Egypt

1st MoU: (October 2007)• 30 GW wells excavation and preparation

• Beneficiaries: 7 Districts

• Beneficiaries(capita): 120 thousand capita

• Technical Training

2nd MoU: (December 2009)• 70 Groundwater boreholes excavation (2 phases)-

Solar Motorized pumps• Capacity Building in the water sector

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

• Drilling of 180 Groundwater wells

• Three stages: 1993 -2009

• Total Budget: 1.6 M USD

Kenya- Egypt

MoU: August 2016

Component:Drilling wells – Valley

tanks, Training – Pilot farmSub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Sudan- Egypt

• Permanent Joint Technical Committee (PJTC), (1960- present) • 10 GW wells in Darfur with grant of 1.0 Million USD• Lake Nasser/ Nubia Management Framework Project (Egypt/Sudan/

GEF-World bank)

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Drilling and preparing groundwater wells and construction of water distribution system

To provide clean drinking water for the isolated communities and their livestock

South Sudan-Egypt

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Feasibility studies for the construction of Wau Dam on River Sue

Bilateral Cooperation Projects With South Sudan

The Studies had been finished and submitted to

the South Sudanese Government in Feb., 2015

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Rehabilitation and Maintenance of the Main Hydrological Stations

To provide sufficient hydrological data for development projects

The picture can't be displayed.

South Sudan-Egypt

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

South Sudan-EgyptConstruction of Water Pump Station in Wau City with its

facilities

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Aquatic Weed Control Project (1999-Present)PHASE 1 (1999-2007) :13.9 MUSDPHASE 2( 2007-2010): 4.5 MUSD

PHASE 3( 2010-2013): 2 MUSDPHASE 4 ( 2014-2016) : 2 M USD

Uganda- Egypt

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Aquatic Weeds Control

LAKE KYOGA - LAKE ALBERT – LAKE VICTORIA - KAGERA RIVER EXIT

Uganda- Egypt

Blockage of lakes exits leads to increase water levels

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

AFTERBEFORE

Aquatic Weeds Control-NILE ALBERT

Uganda- Egypt

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Landing Site- Kampala

Uganda- Egypt

Constructed in : 2006Cost: 800 thousand USDBeneficiaries: 1.2 million capita

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Uganda- Egypt

Construction of Harvesting Dam and Fish Ponds

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Conclusions

• In spite of the great resources of the Nile, it is still needs a proper management

• Egypt is encouraging the development in the Nile Basin Countries

• Cooperation should be based on the principles of win-win and no harm

• Egypt is keen to foster cooperation with all NB countries• Although the internal difficulties, Egypt will continue

bilateral cooperation activities with the NB countries

Sub-regional Workshop Enhancing transboundary water cooperation in the North Africa region- Tunis -20-21 December 2017

Although the Nile is a great resources, it needs a proper and

harmonized“Transboundary Water

Management”