the benefits of costs of biosecurity: optimal quarantine and surveillance tom kompas and r. quentin...
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The Benefits of Costs of Biosecurity: Optimal Quarantine and Surveillance
Tom Kompas and R. Quentin GraftonCrawford School of Economics and Government
Kevin Fox (UNSW)
CERF Project/CERF Hub Presentation 20 May 2008
Acknowledgement: DEWHA
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Motivation
• Combined with border quarantine measures, local surveillance programs provide an essential protection against the incursion and spread of dangerous exotic diseases and pests.
• However quarantine and surveillance programs also impose costs (border quarantine and surveillance expenditures), along with the costs of disease management and eradication.
• Problem: find the optimal amount of border quarantine and surveillance activities (or expenditures) to protect plant and animal health, as well as the environment.
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Research Design: Optimal Surveillance
• Benefit: Surveillance ensures ‘early detection’, lowering economic and environmental losses and pest/disease management costs.
• Tradeoff: The more early the detection the more expensive the surveillance measure.
• Objective: minimize:
• Economic losses (plant, animal, the environment)
• Eradication and management costs of the pest/disease incursion
• Surveillance expenditures (e.g. monitoring, the cost of setting and monitoring traps, etc.)
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Pest/Disease Incursion and Spread
Nmax
Rmax
X
N0 O T(X) T(Rmax)) T
Infested area
Maximum area
Natural detection point
Choice of early detection
time
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Surveillance Expenditure Function
m
m
( )( , )
( 1)mE R X
E XR X
Em
E*
O X* maxR X
E(X)
=0
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Example: Papua Fruit Fly in Australia
• PPF attacks fruit (e.g. apples) and in early stages is difficult to detect by inspection.
• Largest risk of entry: via the Torres Strait Islands and at ports of entry.
• Current surveillance grid: 1 trap for every 6,200 km2 , 1,878 traps in total, Exp = $1,380,000 (including the programs fixed costs).
• 1995 outbreak in QLD: $43m in eradication and management costs over a 13 month period.
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Optimal Surveillance Grid and Expenditures (PPF)
Optimal: one trap per 2,000 km2 and E*(c) = $3m (AUS)
Current: $1.38m: Current surveillance grid: 6,200 km2
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Future CERF work
• Apply to several Red Imported Fire Ants and Yellow Crazy Ants in Australia.
• Measure and include the benefits of biodiversity. • Construct spatial models of pest and disease
surveillance.