the behaviourist approach key assumptions. starter - key assumptions read the quote from john...
TRANSCRIPT
THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH
Key assumptions
STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS
Read the quote from John Watson
… What does this suggest about the behaviourist approach?
THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Tabula Rasa
… Literally means “Blank Slate”
… We are born “blank” and it is our environment which shapes us.
Environmental determinism
… All that we are is because of our environment. Our personalities and behaviour is determined by our environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH This approach is primarily concerned with
observable behaviour (measurable behaviour)
Behaviourists don’t believe in studying thoughts, emotions and similar things which cannot be measured.
THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH Behaviourists believe that the behaviour of
people and animals (as they assume that there is little difference between people and other animals) is the result of stimulus-response relationships.
E.g.: you burn your hand on a stove, and therefore do not touch the stove again.
COMMON PRINCIPLES IN LEARNING Read the section on page 22-23 and match
the term to the definition
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
This is learning through ASSOCIATION
To remember this think ASS!
…clASSical conditioning
…ASSociation
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Does anyone have a dog or a cat?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Before conditioning
UCS UCR
(Food) (Salivation)
NS No Response
(Metronome)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
During conditioning
UCS NS UCR
(Food) (Metronome) (Salivation)
After conditioning
CS CR
(Metronome) (Salivation)
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Explain:
… “You eat a banana and shortly afterwards you are sick. You are sick not because of the banana, but because you have a stomach bug; however, from now on the smell and taste of bananas makes you feel nauseous.”
LITTLE ALBERT
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE
Read pages 24-25 and fill in the gaps.
Using the equation, explain the conditioning that occurred in the Little Albert Experiment
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Operant conditioning is learning through consequence
It focuses on reward and punishment.
Have you been rewarded or punished this week?
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Read the section on page 25-5, and insert the key terms with the definition, and give an example.
If you find it a bit confusing trying to remember all of the terms, just remember the following
… Reinforcement increases behaviour
… Punishment decreases behaviour
… Positive is where something is given
… Negative is where something is taken away
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Can pigeons read?
… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA&feature=related
Or play ping pong?
… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazyH6fQQ4
OPERANT CONDITIONING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8nL-Bv2oqc
… In your own words, describe how in the video above, operant conditioning has been used to train the Guinea pig.
… Use the correct terms.
Read the scenarios and state what type of conditioning it is.
PLENARY