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THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions

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Page 1: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH

Key assumptions

Page 2: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS

Read the quote from John Watson

… What does this suggest about the behaviourist approach?

Page 3: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

THE ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Tabula Rasa

… Literally means “Blank Slate”

… We are born “blank” and it is our environment which shapes us.

Environmental determinism

… All that we are is because of our environment. Our personalities and behaviour is determined by our environment

Page 4: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH This approach is primarily concerned with

observable behaviour (measurable behaviour)

Behaviourists don’t believe in studying thoughts, emotions and similar things which cannot be measured.

Page 5: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

THE IMPORTANCE OF OBSERVABLE EVENTS IN RESEARCH Behaviourists believe that the behaviour of

people and animals (as they assume that there is little difference between people and other animals) is the result of stimulus-response relationships.

E.g.: you burn your hand on a stove, and therefore do not touch the stove again.

Page 6: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

COMMON PRINCIPLES IN LEARNING Read the section on page 22-23 and match

the term to the definition

Page 7: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

This is learning through ASSOCIATION

To remember this think ASS!

…clASSical conditioning

…ASSociation

Page 8: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Does anyone have a dog or a cat?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho

Page 9: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Before conditioning

UCS UCR

(Food) (Salivation)

NS No Response

(Metronome)

Page 10: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

During conditioning

UCS NS UCR

(Food) (Metronome) (Salivation)

After conditioning 

CS CR

(Metronome) (Salivation)

Page 11: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Explain:

… “You eat a banana and shortly afterwards you are sick. You are sick not because of the banana, but because you have a stomach bug; however, from now on the smell and taste of bananas makes you feel nauseous.”

Page 12: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

LITTLE ALBERT

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0ucxOrPQE

Read pages 24-25 and fill in the gaps.

Using the equation, explain the conditioning that occurred in the Little Albert Experiment

Page 13: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Operant conditioning is learning through consequence

It focuses on reward and punishment.

Have you been rewarded or punished this week?

Page 14: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Read the section on page 25-5, and insert the key terms with the definition, and give an example.

If you find it a bit confusing trying to remember all of the terms, just remember the following

… Reinforcement increases behaviour

… Punishment decreases behaviour

… Positive is where something is given

… Negative is where something is taken away

Page 15: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

OPERANT CONDITIONING

Can pigeons read?

… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHA&feature=related

Or play ping pong?

… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazyH6fQQ4

Page 16: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

OPERANT CONDITIONING

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8nL-Bv2oqc

… In your own words, describe how in the video above, operant conditioning has been used to train the Guinea pig.

… Use the correct terms.

Read the scenarios and state what type of conditioning it is.

Page 17: THE BEHAVIOURIST APPROACH Key assumptions. STARTER - KEY ASSUMPTIONS  Read the quote from John Watson … What does this suggest about the behaviourist

PLENARY