the basics of geography chapter 1. what is geography? the study of the distribution and interaction...
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The Basics of Geography
Chapter 1
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What Is Geography?
• The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earthDistribution – location, quantityInteraction – impact, affect/effect, adaptationPhysical features – plants and animals (flora &
fauna), landforms, climateHuman features – people, culture, economic
activity
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The Five Themes
• Theme #1 Location (Where is it?)Absolute Location – exact place found using grid
system of latitude and longitude
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Equator Prime Meridian
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The Five Themes
Relative Location – describing the location relative to its surrounding environment
“Ellison High School is located in Killeen, Texas, off of Highway 190 on the corner of Trimmier and Elm streets”
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The Five Themes
• Theme #2 Place (What’s it like?)Includes physical features such as climate,
landforms, and vegetationIncludes Human features such as people, culture,
houses, citiesPlace is not always constant – it may change over
time
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The Five Themes
• Theme #3 Region (How are places similar or different?)Regions have characteristics that unify themFormal Region – defined by a limited number of
related characteristicsFunctional Region – organized around a set of
interactions and connections between placesPerceptual Region – a region in which people
perceive, or see, the characteristics of the region in the same way
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The Five Themes
• Theme #4 Human –Environment Interaction (How do people relate to the physical world?)People learn to use what the environment offers
and/or change the environment to suit their needs
People learn to adapt to conditions they cannot control
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The Five Themes
• Theme #5 Movement (How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?)Linear Distance – how farTime Distance – how long Psychological Distance – How people view
distance
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Maps and GlobesGlobe – three-dimensional representation of the
earth’s surfaceMap – two-dimensional representation of a
selected part of the earth’s surfaceCartographer – map makerMap Projection – a way of drawing the earth’s
surface by presenting the round earth on flat paper
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The Geographer’s Tools
• MapmakingSurveying – observing, measuring, and recording a
section of the earth’s surfaceSatellites, Global Information System (GIS), Global
Positioning System (GPS)Finding Location
oGPSoCompasso Theodolite
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Types of Maps • Physical
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Political
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Qualitative
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Cartogram